公开(公告)号：US20150371835A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-24

申请号：US14841886

申请日：2015-09-01

Applicant: HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K.

Inventor： Hiroyuki KYUSHIMA ,  Hideki SHIMOI ,  Akihiro KAGEYAMA ,  Keisuke INOUE ,  Masuo ITO

IPC: H01J43/08 ,  H01J9/26

CPC classification number: H01J43/08 ,  H01J9/26 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/24

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a structure for making it possible to easily realize high detection accuracy and fine processing, and a method of manufacturing the same. The photomultiplier comprises an enclosure having an inside kept in a vacuum state, whereas a photocathode emitting electrons in response to incident light, an electron multiplier section multiplying in a cascading manner the electron emitted from the photocathode, and an anode for taking out a secondary electron generated in the electron multiplier section are arranged in the enclosure. A part of the enclosure is constructed by a glass substrate having a flat part, whereas each of the electron multiplier section and anode is two-dimensionally arranged on the flat part in the glass substrate.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及具有能够容易地实现高检测精度和精细处理的结构的光电倍增管及其制造方法。 光电倍增管包括具有内部保持在真空状态的外壳，而响应于入射光发射电子的光电阴极，电子倍增器部分以级联方式从光电阴极发射的电子和用于取出二次电子的阳极 在电子倍增器部分中产生的电极被布置在外壳中。 外壳的一部分由具有平坦部分的玻璃基板构成，而电子倍增器部分和阳极中的每一个二维地布置在玻璃基板的平坦部分上。

公开(公告)号：US08735833B2

公开(公告)日：2014-05-27

申请号：US13775253

申请日：2013-02-25

Applicant: Rapiscan System, Inc.

Inventor： Edward James Morton

IPC: G01T1/161

CPC classification number: H01J43/30 ,  G01T1/16 ,  G01T1/167 ,  G01T1/208 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0091 ,  H01J40/04 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/18

Abstract: The invention provides a switchable photomultiplier switchable between a detecting state and a non-detecting state including a cathode upon which incident radiation is arranged to impinge. The photomultiplier also includes a series of dynodes arranged to amplify a current created at the cathode upon detection of photoradiation. The invention also provides a detection system arranged to detect radiation-emitting material in an object. The system includes a detector switchable between a detecting state in which the detector is arranged to detect radiation and a non-detecting state in which the detector is arranged to not detect radiation. The system further includes a controller arranged to control switching of the detector between the states such that the detector is switched to the non-detecting state while an external radiation source is irradiating the object.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种可切换的光电倍增器，其可在检测状态和非检测状态之间切换，包括入射辐射被布置成入射的阴极。 光电倍增管还包括一系列倍增电极，其布置成在检测到光辐射时放大阴极产生的电流。 本发明还提供了一种检测系统，用于检测物体中的辐射发射材料。 该系统包括可在检测器被布置成检测辐射的检测状态和检测器被布置为不检测辐射的非检测状态之间切换的检测器。 该系统还包括控制器，其被布置成控制检测器在状态之间的切换，使得当外部辐射源照射对象时，检测器切换到非检测状态。

公开(公告)号：US20140042330A1

公开(公告)日：2014-02-13

申请号：US13753458

申请日：2013-01-29

Applicant: RAPISCAN SYSTEMS, INC.

Inventor： Tsahi Gozani ,  Michael Joseph King ,  Donald Bennett Hilliard ,  Joseph Bendahan

IPC: G01T1/203

CPC classification number: G01T3/06 ,  G01T1/167 ,  G01T1/2008 ,  G01T1/203 ,  G01T3/008 ,  G01V5/0075 ,  G01V5/0091 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/30

Abstract: The present invention provides a gamma-neutron detector based on mixtures of thermal neutron absorbers that produce heavy-particle emission following thermal capture. In one configuration, B-10 based detector is used in a parallel electrode plate geometry that integrates neutron moderating sheets, such as polyethylene, on the back of the electrode plates to thermalize the neutrons and then detect them with high efficiency. The moderator can also be replaced with plastic scintillator sheets viewed with a large area photomultiplier tube to detect gamma-rays as well. The detector can be used in several scanning configurations including portal, drive-through, drive-by, handheld and backpack, etc.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种基于热中子吸收剂的混合物的γ中子检测器，其在热捕获之后产生重粒子发射。 在一种配置中，基于B-10的检测器用于平行电极板几何形状，其将中子调节片（例如聚乙烯）集成在电极板的背面上，以使中子热化，然后以高效率进行检测。 调节剂也可以用用大面积光电倍增管观察的塑料闪烁体片替代，以检测伽马射线。 检测器可用于多种扫描配置，包括门禁，驱动器，驱动器，手持和背包等。

公开(公告)号：US20110204243A1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-25

申请号：US12976861

申请日：2010-12-22

Applicant: Joseph Bendahan ,  Edward James Morton

Inventor： Joseph Bendahan ,  Edward James Morton

IPC: G01T1/203 ,  G01T1/20

CPC classification number: H01J43/30 ,  G01T1/16 ,  G01T1/167 ,  G01T1/208 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0091 ,  H01J40/04 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/18

Abstract: The present invention provides a gamma-neutron detector based on mixtures of thermal neutron absorbers that produce heavy-particle emission following thermal capture. The detector consists of one or more thin screens embedded in transparent hydrogenous light guides, which also serve as a neutron moderator. The emitted particles interact with the scintillator screen and produce a high light output, which is collected by the light guides into a photomultiplier tube and produces a signal from which the neutrons are counted. Simultaneous gamma-ray detection is provided by replacing the light guide material with a plastic scintillator. The plastic scintillator serves as the gamma-ray detector, moderator and light guide. The neutrons and gamma-ray events are separated employing Pulse-Shape Discrimination (PSD). The detector can be used in several scanning configurations including portal, drive-through, drive-by, handheld and backpack, etc.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种基于热中子吸收剂的混合物的γ中子检测器，其在热捕获之后产生重粒子发射。 检测器由一个或多个嵌入在透明氢光导中的薄屏幕组成，也可作为中子调节剂。 发射的颗粒与闪烁体屏幕相互作用并产生高光输出，该光输出由光导收集到光电倍增管中并产生中子被计数的信号。 通过用塑料闪烁体代替导光材料来提供同时的γ射线检测。 塑料闪烁体用作γ射线检测器，调节剂和光导。 使用脉冲形状识别（PSD）分离中子和γ射线事件。 检测器可用于多种扫描配置，包括门禁，驱动器，驱动器，手持和背包等。

公开(公告)号：US20110182407A1

公开(公告)日：2011-07-28

申请号：US12997251

申请日：2009-06-11

Applicant: Edward James Morton

Inventor： Edward James Morton

IPC: G01T1/20 ,  H01J43/00 ,  G01T1/00 ,  H01J43/18 ,  G01N23/04

CPC classification number: H01J43/30 ,  G01T1/16 ,  G01T1/167 ,  G01T1/208 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0091 ,  H01J40/04 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/18

Abstract: The invention provides a switchable photomultiplier switchable between a detecting state and a non-detecting state including a cathode upon which incident radiation is arranged to impinge. The photomultiplier also includes a series of dynodes arranged to amplify a current created at the cathode upon detection of photoradiation. The invention also provides a detection system arranged to detect radiation-emitting material in an object. The system includes a detector switchable between a detecting state in which the detector is arranged to detect radiation and a non-detecting state in which the detector is arranged to not detect radiation. The system further includes a controller arranged to control switching of the detector between the states such that the detector is switched to the non-detecting state whilst an external radiation source is irradiating the object.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种可切换的光电倍增器，其可在检测状态和非检测状态之间切换，包括入射辐射被布置成入射的阴极。 光电倍增管还包括一系列倍增电极，其布置成在检测到光辐射时放大阴极产生的电流。 本发明还提供了一种检测系统，用于检测物体中的辐射发射材料。 该系统包括可在检测器被布置成检测辐射的检测状态和检测器被布置为不检测辐射的非检测状态之间切换的检测器。 该系统还包括控制器，其布置成控制检测器在状态之间的切换，使得当外部辐射源照射物体时检测器切换到非检测状态。

公开(公告)号：US07696462B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-13

申请号：US12262156

申请日：2008-10-30

Applicant: Michael R. Saldana

Inventor： Michael R. Saldana

IPC: H01J40/14 ,  H01J43/00

CPC classification number: H01J43/08 ,  G02B23/12 ,  H01J31/507 ,  H01J2231/5016

Abstract: An advanced image intensifier assembly provides enhanced functionality. A grounded photocathode provides shielding from electromagnetic interference, improving the ability to work in multiple light conditions. Bi-directional wireless communication and non-volatile storage allow critical information to be permanently stored and read wirelessly at a scanning station, easing in identification of units. Because bi-directional communication components can be embedded within an image intensifier assembly, existing end-user night vision devices can be upgraded by simply replacing the image intensifier assembly. For enhanced safety, a programmable shutdown capability is provided. This renders the device inoperative in the absence of continuous input, either wireless or manual, from an authorized operator, thus rendering the device useless if captured by enemy combatants. Finally, direct 1-volt operation enables the device to be powered by, for example, a single AA battery.

Abstract translation: 先进的图像增强器组件提供增强的功能。 接地的光电阴极提供屏蔽电磁干扰，提高在多光条件下工作的能力。 双向无线通信和非易失性存储允许在扫描站永久存储和读取关键信息，从而减少单元的识别。 由于双向通信组件可以嵌入图像增强器组件中，所以可以通过简单地替换图像增强器组件来升级现有的终端用户夜视设备。 为了增强安全性，提供了可编程关断功能。 这使得设备在没有来自授权操作员的无线或手动的连续输入的情况下不工作，因此如果被敌方战斗人员捕获，则该设备无用。 最后，直接1伏操作可以使器件由例如单个AA电池供电。

公开(公告)号：US20060138395A1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-29

申请号：US10515112

申请日：2003-05-21

Applicant: Yasuyuki Kohno ,  Toshimitsu Nagai ,  Yutaka Hasegawa

Inventor： Yasuyuki Kohno ,  Toshimitsu Nagai ,  Yutaka Hasegawa

IPC: H01L29/06

CPC classification number: H01J43/08 ,  H01J1/34 ,  H01J9/12 ,  H01J40/06

Abstract: A semiconductor photocathode of the present invention is provided with: a support substrate 10; a photoelectric surface 30 which is formed of a plurality of semiconductor layers layered on this support substrate 10 and which emits photoelectrons from a photoelectron emitting surface 341 in response to the incidence of light to be detected; and a metal electrode 35 which is formed in film form so as to coat at least a portion of support substrate 10 and a portion of photoelectric surface 30 and which makes ohmic contact with the photoelectric surface, wherein metal electrode 30 in film form includes titanium and the electron affinity of photoelectron emitting surface 341, which is an exposed portion of photoelectric surface 30 without being coated with metal electrode 35 in film form, is in a negative condition.

Abstract translation: 本发明的半导体光电阴极具有：支撑基板10; 光电表面30，其由层叠在该支撑基板10上的多个半导体层形成，并且响应于待检测的光的入射而从光电子发射表面341发射光电子; 以及形成为膜状以便涂覆至少一部分支撑基板10和光电表面30的一部分并与光电表面欧姆接触的金属电极35，其中膜形式的金属电极30包括钛和 作为光电面30的露出部分的光电子发射表面341的电子亲和力没有涂覆有薄膜形式的金属电极35，处于负面状态。

公开(公告)号：US20020167254A1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-14

申请号：US09855043

申请日：2001-05-14

Inventor： Richard A. Craig ,  Mary Bliss

IPC: H01J043/00

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  H01J1/34 ,  H01J43/08

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the quantum efficiency of a photomultiplier tube by providing a photocathode with an increased surface-to-volume ratio. The photocathode includes a transparent substrate, upon one major side of which is formed one or more large aspect-ratio structures, such as needles, cones, fibers, prisms, or pyramids. The large aspect-ratio structures are at least partially composed of a photoelectron emitting material, i.e., a material that emits a photoelectron upon absorption of an optical photon. The large aspect-ratio structures may be substantially composed of the photoelectron emitting material (i.e., formed as such upon the surface of a relatively flat substrate) or be only partially composed of a photoelectron emitting material (i.e., the photoelectron emitting material is coated over large aspect-ratio structures formed from the substrate material itself.) The large aspect-ratio nature of the photocathode surface allows for an effective increase in the thickness of the photocathode relative the absorption of optical photons, thereby increasing the absorption rate of incident photons, without substantially increasing the effective thickness of the photocathode relative the escape incidence of the photoelectrons.

Abstract translation: 通过提供具有增加的表面与体积比的光电阴极来增加光电倍增管的量子效率的方法和装置。 光电阴极包括透明基板，其一个主要侧面形成一个或多个大的纵横比结构，例如针，锥体，纤维，棱镜或金字塔。 大的纵横比结构至少部分地由光电子发射材料组成，即在吸收光子时发射光电子的材料。 大的纵横比结构可以基本上由光电子发射材料组成（即，在相对平坦的衬底的表面上形成）或者仅部分地由光电子发射材料组成（即，光电子发射材料被涂覆在 由衬底材料本身形成的大的纵横比结构。）光电阴极表面的大的纵横比性质允许相对于光学光子的吸收有效地增加光电阴极的厚度，从而增加入射光子的吸收率， 相对于光电子的逸出发生率，基本上不增加光电阴极的有效厚度。

公开(公告)号：US06297489B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-02

申请号：US09192516

申请日：1998-11-17

Applicant: Motohiro Suyama ,  Suenori Kimura ,  Tetsuya Saito ,  Tetsuya Morita

Inventor： Motohiro Suyama ,  Suenori Kimura ,  Tetsuya Saito ,  Tetsuya Morita

IPC: H01J4312

CPC classification number: H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/28

Abstract: This invention relates to an electron tube having a structure for enabling a stable operation for a long time. In the electron tube, at least a confining mechanism is arranged between a photocathode and the electron incident surface of a semiconductor device, which are arranged to oppose each other. In the arrangement, the area of the opening of the confining mechanism is at least equal to or smaller than that of the electron incident surface, thereby confining the orbits of photoelectrons from the photocathode. This structure avoids bombardment of electrons arriving at portions other than the electron incident surface of the semiconductor device and prevents the semiconductor device from being unnecessarily charged.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及具有能够长时间稳定运行的结构的电子管。 在电子管中，在光电阴极和半导体器件的电子入射表面之间布置至少一个限制机构，它们彼此相对布置。 在这种布置中，限制机构的开口面积至少等于或小于电子入射表面的面积，从而限制光电子从光电阴极的轨道。 这种结构避免了到达不同于半导体器件的电子入射表面的部分的电子的轰击，并且防止半导体器件被不必要地充电。

公开(公告)号：US5371435A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-06

申请号：US983281

申请日：1992-11-30

Applicant: Keiichi Ohishi ,  Hideaki Suzuki ,  Hiroyuki Watanabe ,  Junichi Takeuchi

Inventor： Keiichi Ohishi ,  Hideaki Suzuki ,  Hiroyuki Watanabe ,  Junichi Takeuchi

IPC: H01J9/12 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J43/04

CPC classification number: H01J9/12 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J2201/3426

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for forming a photocathode having high quantum yield which comprises the first step of making a number of fine concavities and convexities in a surface of a substrate finished substantially in a mirror; the second step of blunting the fine concavities and convexities; and the third step of coating a photoelectron emissive material on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种形成具有高量子产率的光电阴极的方法，该方法包括：在基材表面基本形成反射镜的基板的表面上形成多个精细凹凸的第一步骤; 打破精细的凹凸的第二步; 以及在基板的表面上涂覆光电子发射材料的第三步骤。