摘要:
Carboxyl-containing copolymers of ethylene are prepared by polymer-analogous pyrolytic ester cleavage of copolymers consisting ofa) from 60 to 99.9 mol% of ethylene,b) from 0.1 to 40 mol% of C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -tert-alkyl esters of copolymerizable C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -carboxylic acids andc) from 0 to 20 mol% of further copolymerizable monomers by a method in which pyrolytic ester cleavage is carried out at from 150.degree. to 250.degree. C. in the presence of organic sulfonic acids, in the absence of a solvent and in the virtual absence of free radical initiators.
摘要:
Oxadimethacrylics useful for preparing pollers have the general formula ICH.sub.2 .dbd.C(A)CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 C(B).dbd.CH.sub.2 Iwhere A and B are selected from the group consisting of --COOR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1, --CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 and --CN with the proviso that A.noteq.B, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each defined as follows:R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl rings may be C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl- or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy-monosubstituted, -disubstituted or -trisubstituted, hydroxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, amino-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, N-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, N,N-di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)amino-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, wherein the aryl groups may carry up to three of the following groups: halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)aminocarbonyl, nitrilo, nitro, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino, di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)amino;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl rings may be C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl- or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy-monosubstituted, -disubstituted or -trisubstituted, C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 -aryl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 -aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, wherein the aryl groups may carry up to three of the following groups: halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)aminocarbonyl, nitrilo, nitro, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino, di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)amino.
摘要:
Copolymers are obtainable by (1) copolymerization of a monomer mixture of(A) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one monomer of the general formula ICH.sub.2 .dbd.C(E)CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 C(F).dbd.CH.sub.2 Iwhere E and F are selected from the group consisting of --COOR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1, --CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 and --CN, and R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl- C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, amino-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, N-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, N, N-di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;(B) from 99 to 1% by weight of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic and methacrylic acid and C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl and C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acidand(C) from 0 to 98% by weight of at least one further monomer capable of undergoing free radical polymerizationand(2) reaction of these copolymers with a compound of the formula IIR.sup.4 NH.sub.2 II where R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and these radicals, with the exception of hydrogen and C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, may be substituted, or a mixture thereof,and said copolymers are used for the production of moldings, films and fibers.
摘要:
A process for preparing hydrogen cyanide, comprising the provision of gaseous formamide by evaporating liquid formamide in an evaporator (step i)) and the catalytic dehydration of the gaseous formamide (step ii)), and also an apparatus for performing the process according to the invention, comprising at least one microevaporator and a tubular reactor, and the use of a microevaporator for evaporating formamide in a process for preparing hydrogen cyanide from formamide.
摘要:
Process for preparing hydrocyanic acid by catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide, in which a formamide-containing recycle stream is obtained from the product mixture after the dehydration and is recirculated to the dehydration, wherein the formamide-containing recycle stream contains from 5 to 50% by weight of water.
摘要:
Oxidized waxes which are prepared by oxidizing polyolefins obtained by single-site catalysis of transition metal complexes from groups 5 to 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and have a molecular weight Mw in the range from 1000 to 40,000 g/mol.
摘要:
In a process for preparing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers in which a mixture of ethylene and vinyl acetate is polymerized continuously in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators and, if desired, molecular weight regulators in a cooled tube reactor at a pressure in the range from 1000 to 3500 bar, and the poly-merization initiator is added at the beginning and at two or more points along the tube reactor, and temperature changes in the reaction mixture along the tube reactor, between the first temperature maximum and the last addition of the polymerization initiator, are within a range of not more than 20° C.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the polymerization of gaseous olefins, in particular of ethylene and at least one &agr;-olefin, in the gas phase in a stirred or fluidized, catalyst-containing polymerization zone (2) and at least one decompression zone (6, 10) downstream of the polymerization zone (2). The mixture of solid (co)polymer and unreacted monomers leaving the polymerization zone (2) flows through a settling zone, in particular in the form of a settling leg (14), before the decompression zone.