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    Apparatus and method for using an intracutaneous microneedle array
    52.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for using an intracutaneous microneedle array 有权
    使用皮内微针阵列的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US06256533B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-07-03

    申请号：US09329025

    申请日：1999-06-09

    申请人： Vadim Vladimirovich Yuzhakov ,  Faiz Feisal Sherman ,  Grover David Owens ,  Vladimir Gartstein

    发明人： Vadim Vladimirovich Yuzhakov ,  Faiz Feisal Sherman ,  Grover David Owens ,  Vladimir Gartstein

    IPC分类号： A61N130

    CPC分类号： B81C99/0085 ,  A61M5/1723 ,  A61M37/0015 ,  A61M2037/0023 ,  A61M2037/003 ,  A61M2037/0053 ,  A61M2037/0061 ,  A61N1/30 ,  B81B2201/055

    摘要： A microneedle array, constructed of silicon and silicon dioxide compounds or of a molded plastic material, is provided to penetrate the stratum corneum and epidermis layers of skin, but not into the dermis. The microneedles can be used to either dispense a liquid drug, or to sample a body fluid. The delivery of drugs and sampling of fluids can be performed by way of passive diffusion (time release), instantaneous injection, or iontophoresis. A complete closed-loop system can be manufactured including active elements, such as micro-machined pumps, as well as passive elements such as sensors. A “smart patch” can thereby be fabricated that samples body fluids, performs chemistry to decide on the appropriate drug dosage, and then administers the corresponding amount of drug. An electric field may be used to increase transdermal flow rate. Such a system can be made disposable, and can be used with medical devices to dispense drugs by iontophoretic/microneedle enhancement, to sample body fluids (while providing an iontophoretically/microneedle-enhanced body-fluid sensor), and as a closed-loop drug delivery system with fluid sampling feedback using a combination of the other two devices. As a drug dispensing system, the microneedle array includes electrodes that apply an electric potential to the skin between the electrode locations. One of the electrode assemblies is filled with an ionized drug, and the charged drug molecules move into the body due to the applied electric potential. As a body-fluid sampling system, the microneedle array also includes electrodes to assist in moving fluid from the body into a receiving chamber, and which further includes a bioelectrochemical sensor to measure the concentration of a particular substance.

    摘要翻译： 提供由硅和二氧化硅化合物或模制塑料材料构成的微针阵列以穿透角质层和皮肤表皮层，但不渗入真皮层。 微针可以用于分配液体药物，或者对体液进行采样。 可以通过被动扩散（时间释放），瞬时注射或离子电渗法进行药物的输送和液体取样。 可以制造完整的闭环系统，包括有源元件，如微加工泵，以及诸如传感器的无源元件。 因此，可以制造“智能贴片”，使样品体液进行化学以确定合适的药物剂量，然后施用相应量的药物。 可以使用电场来增加透皮流速。 这样的系统可以被制成一次性的，并且可以与医疗装置一起使用，通过离子电渗/微针增强来分配药物，以便体液（同时提供离子电渗/微型增强的体液传感器）和作为闭环药物 交付系统采用流体采样反馈，使用其他两个设备的组合。 作为药物分配系统，微针阵列包括在电极位置之间向皮肤施加电位的电极。 电极组件中的一个填充有电离药物，并且带电药物分子由于施加的电位而进入体内。 作为体液采样系统，微针阵列还包括有助于将流体从身体移动到接收室中的电极，并且还包括用于测量特定物质浓度的生物电化学传感器。

    Primary battery having a built-in controller to extend battery run time
    53.
    发明授权
    Primary battery having a built-in controller to extend battery run time 失效
    一次电池具有内置控制器，可延长电池运行时间

    公开(公告)号：US06198250B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-03-06

    申请号：US09054192

    申请日：1998-04-02

    申请人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic

    发明人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic

    IPC分类号： H01M1074

    CPC分类号： H01M10/425 ,  H01M2/1055 ,  H01M6/5055 ,  H01M10/4257 ,  H01M10/4264 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2200/00 ,  H02J7/0026 ,  H02J7/0065

    摘要： A battery having a built-in controller is disclosed that extends the run time of the battery. The controller may extend the run time of the battery, for example, by converting the cell voltage to an output voltage that is greater than a cut-off voltage of an electronic device, by converting the cell voltage to an output voltage that is less than the nominal voltage of the electrochemical cell of the battery, or by protecting the electrochemical cell from current peaks. The controller may also include a ground bias circuit that provides a virtual ground so that a converter may operate at lower cell voltages. The battery may be a single-cell battery, a universal single-cell battery, a multiple-cell battery or a multiple-cell hybrid battery.

    摘要翻译： 公开了具有内置控制器的电池，其延长了电池的运行时间。 控制器可以延长电池的运行时间，例如通过将电池电压转换成小于电子装置的截止电压的输出电压，将电池电压转换成小于 电池的电化学电池的标称电压，或通过保护电化学电池免受电流峰值的影响。 控制器还可以包括提供虚拟接地的接地偏置电路，使得转换器可以在较低的电池电压下工作。 电池可以是单节电池，通用单节电池，多节电池或多节电池混合电池。

    Intracutaneous microneedle array apparatus
    57.
    发明授权
    Intracutaneous microneedle array apparatus 有权

    公开(公告)号：US07416541B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-08-26

    申请号：US11121291

    申请日：2005-05-03

    申请人： Vadim Vladimirovich Yuzhakov ,  Faiz Feisal Sherman ,  Grover David Owens ,  Vladimir Gartstein

    发明人： Vadim Vladimirovich Yuzhakov ,  Faiz Feisal Sherman ,  Grover David Owens ,  Vladimir Gartstein

    IPC分类号： A61M5/32 ,  A61B17/20 ,  A61B17/32 ,  A61B17/34

    CPC分类号： B81C99/0085 ,  A61M5/1723 ,  A61M37/0015 ,  A61M2037/0023 ,  A61M2037/003 ,  A61M2037/0053 ,  A61M2037/0061 ,  A61N1/30 ,  B81B2201/055

    摘要： Improved microneedle arrays are provided having a sufficiently large separation distance between each of the individual microneedles to ensure penetration of the skin while having a sufficiently small separation distance to provide high transdermal transport rates. A very useful range of separation distances between microneedles is in the range of 100-300 microns, and more preferably in the range of 100-200 microns. The outer diameter and microneedle length is also very important, and in combination with the separation distance will be crucial as to whether or not the microneedles will actually penetrate the stratum corneum of skin. For circular microneedles, a useful outer diameter range is from 20-100 microns, and more preferably in the range of 20-50 microns. For circular microneedles that do not have sharp edges, a useful length for use with interstitial fluids is in the range of 50-200 microns, and more preferably in the range of 100-150 microns; for use with other biological fluids, a useful length is in the range of 200 microns-3 mm, and more preferably in the range of 200-400 microns. For circular microneedles having sharp side edges, a useful length for use with interstitial fluids is in the range of 50-200 microns, and more preferably in the range of 80-150 microns; for use with other biological fluids, a useful length is again in the range of 200 microns-3 mm, and more preferably in the range of 200-400 microns. For solid microneedles having a star-shaped profile with sharp edges for its star-shaped blades, a useful length for use with interstitial fluids is in the range of 50-200 microns, and more preferably in the range of 80-150 microns; for use with other biological fluids, a useful length is again in the range of 200 microns-3 mm, and more preferably in the range of 200-400 microns, while the radius of each of its blades is in the range of 10-50 microns, and more preferably in the range of 10-15 microns.