摘要:
A method and a device for controlling the exhaust temperature for a combustion engine with knock control by varying the air/fuel mixture supplied to the engine as a function of ignition-retard settings to prevent knocking, as are undertaken by a knock-control device, an increasingly retarded ignition (setting) entailing increasing enrichment; the procedure is such that a cylinder-selective enrichment follows in dependence upon the momentary ignition-retard (setting) in a cylinder.
摘要:
The maximum speed in an internal combustion engine is limited by circuitry which can be adjusted to conditions requiring a lower-than-normal top speed, for example during initial delivery to the customer and during the break-in period of the engine. The top speed limiter includes a comparator for suppressing or altering the fuel injection pulses. As a feature of the invention, the reference signal applied to the comparator and representing the top engine speed can be changed either manually or on the basis of elapsed time or mileage.
摘要:
The present invention relates to compositions for foam extinguishants which do not comprise any organofluorine compounds and nevertheless meet the highest demands on the extinguishing properties. The inventive compositions comprise at least one fatty alcohol, at least one thickener and at least one acrylic polymer, but the composition does not comprise any organohalogen compounds, more particularly any organofluorine compounds. The present invention also relates to the use of such a composition for production of a foam extinguishant and to the use of the composition for fighting fires, especially for fighting fires of organic liquids, known as liquid fires.
摘要:
Surfactants with polyether sulfonate structure, which have a propanonylsulfonic acid group as a head group, a process for preparing such surfactants and their use for tertiary mineral oil extraction.
摘要:
In a process for the preparation of alkylaromatic compounds by reacting C3-30-olefins, or alcohols from which C3-30-olefins are formed under the reaction conditions, with an aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of an alkylation catalyst, the reaction is carried out in a reactor cascade of at least two reactors, where each of the reactors comprises the alkylation catalyst, at least 80% of the aromatic hydrocarbon are fed into the first reactor of the reactor cascade, and at least 40% of the olefins are intermediately fed in after the first reactor.
摘要:
Surfactants of the general formula R1-X where R1 is an aliphatic C17H35-alkyl radical and X is a hydrophilic group, and the mean degree of branching of the R1 radical is from 2.8 to 3.7. Mixtures which comprise such surfactants and the use of such surfactants and of mixtures thereof for tertiary mineral oil extraction.
摘要:
The preparation of alkylaryl compounds takes place by a) reaction of a C4/C5-olefin mixture over a metathesis catalyst to prepare a C4-8-olefin mixture comprising 2-pentene, and optional removal of the C4-8-olefin mixture, b) removal of from 5 to 100% of the 2-pentene present in stage a) and subsequent reaction over an isomerization catalyst to give a mixture of 2-pentene and 1-pentene which is returned to stage a), c) dimerization of the C4-8-olefin mixture obtained in stage b) following removal in the presence of a dimerization catalyst to give a mixture containing C8-16-olefins, removal of these C8-16-olefins and optional removal of a partial stream thereof, d) reaction of the c8-16-olefin mixtures obtained in stage c) or of the partial stream with an aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of an alkylation catalyst to form alkyl aromatic compounds where, prior to the reaction, 0 to 60% by weight, based on the c8-16-olefin mixtures obtained in stage c), of linear olefins may additionally be added, e) optional sulfonation of the alkyl aromatic compounds obtained in stage d) and neutralization to give alkylarylsulfonates, where, prior to the sulfonation, 0 to 60% by weight, based on the alkyl aromatic compounds obtained in stage d), of linear alkylbenzenes may additionally be added if no admixing has taken place in stage d), f) optional mixing of the alkylarylsulfonates obtained in stage e) with 0 to 60% by weight, based on the alkylarylsulfonates obtained in stage e), of linear alkylarylsulfonate, if no admixing has taken place in stages d) and e).
摘要:
A process is described for preparing diaminodiarylmethanes comprising the steps a) reacting an aromatic amine with a methylene-donating agent in the presence of homogeneous acid catalysts, b) removing the homogeneous acid catalyst from the reaction product, c) working up and purifying the reaction product, which comprises removing the homogeneous acid catalyst from the reaction mixture by adsorption to a solid adsorbent.
摘要:
The invention relates to processes for the preparation of alkylarylsulfonates by a) reaction of a C4-olefin mixture over a metathesis catalyst to prepare an olefin mixture comprising 2-pentene and/or 3-hexene and optional removal of 2-pentene and/or 3-hexene, b) dimerization of the 2-pentene and/or 3-hexene obtained in stage a) in the presence of a dimerization catalyst to give a mixture comprising C10-12-olefins and optional removal of the C10-12-olefins, c) reaction of the C10-12-olefin mixtures obtained in stage b) with an aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of an alkylation catalyst to form alkyl aromatic compounds, where, prior to the reaction, additional linear olefins may be added, d) sulfonation of the alkyl aromatic compounds obtained in stage c) and neutralization to give alkylarylsulfonates, where, prior to the sulfonation, linear alkylbenzenes may additionally be added, e) optional mixing of the alkylarylsulfonates obtained in stage d) with linear alkylarylsulfonates.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for operating a fuel metering system (11) of a direct-injection internal combustion engine, having a fuel supply container, at least one prefeed pump a high-pressure pump assembly having at least two high-pressure pumps for pumping fuel out of the low-pressure region into at least one high-pressure reservoir, a control unit for regulating an injection pressure prevailing in the high-pressure reservoir, and having fuel injection valves for injecting fuel out of the high-pressure reservoir into combustion chambers of the engine. In order especially in engines with large displacement and in engines with more than four cylinders to assure reliable supply of fuel to the combustion chambers, it is proposed that the fuel metering system has one fuel circuit for metering fuel into all the combustion chambers of the engine, and all the high-pressure pumps are disposed in the fuel circuit, and that all the high-pressure pumps are triggered independently of one another via a common pressure regulating circuit.