摘要:
Process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmite comprising the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous precursor mixture comprising a water-insoluble aluminum source; (b) decreasing the pH of the precursor mixture of step (a) by at least 2 units; (c) increasing the pH of the mixture of step (b) by at least 2 units, and (d) aging the mixture of step (c) under hydrothermal conditions to form a quasi-crystalline boehmite. This process provides for the hydrothermal preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmites with high peptizability. The invention therefore further relates to quasi-crystalline boehmites with a high peptizability, measured as the Z-average submicron particle size. This Z-average submicron particle size preferably is less than 500 nm, more preferably less than 300 nm, even more preferably less than 200 nm, and most preferably less than 100 nm.
摘要:
A process is disclosed for regenerating or derivatizing cellulose. The process comprises the steps of providing a source of unrefined cellulose, and dissolving the unrefined cellulose in a molten inorganic salt.The source of unrefined cellulose may be a biomass, such as wood.The process permits the regeneration or derivatization of cellulose having a high degree of polymerization.
摘要:
A process for producing fuel from biomass is disclosed herein. The process includes torrefying biomass material at a temperature between 80° C. to 400° C. to form particulated biomass having a mean average particle size between 1 μm and 1000 μm. The particulated biomass is mixed with a liquid hydrocarbon to form a suspension, wherein the suspension includes from 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent particulated biomass. The suspension is fed into a unit selected from the group consisting of a pyrolysis reactor, a fluid catalytic cracking unit, a delayed coker, a fluid coker, a hydroprocessing unit, and a hydrocracking unit, and then at least a portion of the particulated biomass of the suspension is converted into fuel.
摘要:
Liquid suspensions are disclosed comprising a suspending medium, small particles of biomass, and small particles of an inorganic material. The inorganic material stabilizes the suspension, so that it may be transported by pipeline or tank car without developing a sediment.The suspension may be used in manufacturing a bio-fuel.
摘要:
A process is disclosed for mild hydro-conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds. The oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds are contacted with a hydro-conversion catalyst material at a reaction pressure below 100 bar.Preferred oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds are those obtained by the liquefaction of biomass.In a specific embodiment the process is used for production of normal alkanes by hydrotreating mixtures of triglycerides (or compounds derived-from triglycerides, including free fatty acids) and vacuum gasoil.
摘要:
A process is disclosed for converting a particulate biomass material to a bioliquid. In the process the biomass material is mixed with a heat transfer medium and a catalytic material, and heated to a temperature in the range of from 150 to 600° C. The particle size of the solid biomass may be reduced by abrasion in admixture with inorganic particles under agitation by a gas. The biomass particles of reduced size obtained in the abrasion process may be converted to bioliquid in any of a number of conversion processes.
摘要:
A process is disclosed for converting cellulosic biomass to electric energy. Cellulosic biomass is dissolved in a suitable solvent. The solution is used as a feed for a fuel cell.
摘要:
A radiation detection and counting system (2) includes a radiation detector element (5) for outputting a signal related to an energy of a radiation event received thereby and an amplifier (8) for amplifying the signal output by the detector element (5). A gain equalization circuit (10) adjusts the gain of the amplified output signal and a plurality of comparators (12) compare the gain adjusted amplified output signal to a like plurality of different valued threshold signals that are independently adjustable of each other A plurality of counters (20) is operative whereupon only the counter associated with the one comparator (12) that changes state in response to the peak of the gain adjusted amplified output signal exceeding the value of the trigger threshold signal thereof is incremented. A storage (24) stores the incremented value of each counter (20) accumulated over a sample time interval and data output logic circuit (26) transfers the stored accumulated counts out of the storage.
摘要:
Novel compositions of matter comprising a cationic layered material and a second compound. The second compound has a reflection in its XRD pattern at 18.5 degrees two-theta, and s second reflection at 29 degrees two-theta. The composition of matter may be used in hydrocarbon conversion, purification, and synthesis processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing. The materials are especially suitable for the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions and the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels like gasoline and diesel.
摘要:
Process for the preparation of an aluminium phosphate-containing composition wherein an aluminium source is converted partly to aluminium phosphate using a phosphorus-containing compound and partly to (i) an anionic clay and/or a Al-MII mixed metal (hydr)oxide using a divalent metal (MII) source, (ii) an aluminosilicate using a silicon source, and/or (iii) a MII- aluminosilicate using both a divalent metal source and a silicon source.