摘要:
A communication apparatus includes a frame generating device configured to generate a physical frame containing, of a plurality of MAC frames to be transmitted, a MAC frame which requires acknowledgement indicating that the frame is received by a receiving side, a MAC frame which does not require the acknowledgement, and identification information which indicates necessity/unnecessity of acknowledgement for each MAC frame depending on whether each MAC frame requires acknowledgement, and a transmitting device configured to transmit the physical frame generated by the frame generating device.
摘要:
A method for exchanging channel information between a transmitter and a receiver each including antennas. A request frame including a first preamble, second preamble, and channel information feedback request is transmitted to the receiver, wherein the first preamble is transmitted from one of the antennas of the transmitter, the second preamble is transmitted from each of the antennas, and the channel information feedback request is transmitted from the one of the antennas. The request frame is received at the receiver, and the channel information feedback request is detected by a decoding based on the first preamble. Channel information is estimated using the second preamble, and a notification frame including the estimated information is constructed and transmitted to the transmitter.
摘要:
This invention relates to an optical amplification fiber having a structure capable of exhibiting an excellent amplification characteristics, and the like. In the optical amplification fiber, the ratio (&agr;P/&agr;S) of an unsaturated absorption peak value &agr;P in a pumping light wavelength band of 0.98 &mgr;m to an unsaturated absorption peak value &agr;S in a signal wavelength band of 1.55 &mgr;m is 0.8 or more and, more preferably, 0.9 or more.
摘要:
An image formation method which remarkably extends developer life while providing size reduction and high speed coloring. Also, a replenishing toner and a method of producing the same, and a toner cartridge. In the image formation method, conducting image formation by an image formation apparatus having a plurality of xerography units, the developer apparatus of at least one xerography unit has a developer recovering mechanism appropriately replenishing a replenishing toner composed of a toner and a carrier into the developer apparatus and recovering an excess portion of a developer from the equipment. The above-mentioned replenishing toner has a carrier content in the range of 5 to 40% by weight, the above-mentioned carrier is a carrier coated with a resin having a specific composition, and/or the above-mentioned toner is in a specific shape. The replenishing toner may be produced using the above-mentioned recovered developer.
摘要:
This invention relates to an amplification optical fiber which requires no gain equalizer and has a flat gain spectrum and high polarization extinction ratio, and the like. The amplification optical fiber has a core region included in a light propagation region through which signals having different wavelengths propagate, a cladding region around the core region, and a polarization maintaining structure for maintaining the polarized states of the signals. The amplification optical fiber is mainly comprised of silica glass, and Er and Al of 4 wt % or more are doped into at least part of the light propagation region including the core region.
摘要:
An optical fiber is rolled by a swing motion of a swing guide roller in order to impart a predetermined twist to it effectively, and its polarization dispersion is suppressed equivalently as in a perfectly circular concentric optical fiber. A method of manufacturing such an optical fiber is also provided. As a swing guide roller swings, the optical fiber is rolled on its roller surface, so that a clockwise twist and a counterclockwise twist are imparted to the optical fiber alternately. At this time, the optical fiber is fitted in a V-shaped narrow groove formed at the central portion of the roller surface of a next-stage first stationary guide roller provided just beside the swing guide roller. Rolling of the optical fiber on the roller surface of the first stationary guide roller is suppressed, thereby helping smooth rolling of the optical fiber on the roller surface of the swing guide roller. As a result, a twist can be imparted to the optical fiber highly efficiently in accordance with the swing speed of the swing guide roller.
摘要:
An information processing system in which the necessary information can be transferred via a network by the time this information becomes actually necessary, without damaging the utility and convenience from the user's point of view. An information transfer to a first information processing apparatus from a second information processing apparatus via a network is realized by predicting a necessary information which will be required by a user using the first information processing apparatus in future and a necessary time by which the necessary information will be actually required by the user, according to a knowledge concerning an activity schedule of the user; and controlling the transfer of the necessary information from the second information processing apparatus to the first information processing apparatus via the network such that the necessary information will be transferred by the necessary time.
摘要:
The present invention provides toner for an electrostatic latent image developer, said toner being excellent in fluidity, chargeability, developability, transferability, and freedom from fogging on a photoreceptor and contamination of the interior of a developing device. The toner for an electrostatic latent image developer comprises spherical toner particles characterized by a shape index ML.sup.2 /A of less than 125 and has a correlation coefficient between X.sup.2/3 and Y, obtained by linear regression with respect to a straight line which passes through the origin of coordinate axes, of more than 0.6 where X is the light emitting voltage due to the carbon derived from the binder resin of the toner particles and Y is the light emitting voltage due to the element derived from the external additive.
摘要:
An information processing system in which the necessary information can be transferred via a network by the time this information becomes actually necessary, without damaging the utility and convenience from the user's point of view. An information transfer to a first information processing apparatus from a second information processing apparatus via a network is realized by predicting a necessary information which will be required by a user using the first information processing apparatus in future and a necessary time by which the necessary information will be actually required by the user, according to a knowledge concerning an activity schedule of the user; and controlling the transfer of the necessary information from the second information processing apparatus to the first information processing apparatus via the network such that the necessary information will be transferred by the necessary time.
摘要:
The bracket has flange portions at two vertical ends so as to be supported by the inner panel of a roof rail and a projecting portion formed to expand to have a predetermined space from a main plane of the inner panel, the support portions of the assist grip are disposed on the projecting portion at predetermined vertical intervals, the projecting portion has a plurality of first openings formed by raising tag portions between the support portions of the assist grip and on the outside of the support portions of the assist grip by cutting toward the main plane of the inner panel, and free ends of the tag portions are positioned to have predetermined gaps from the main plane of the inner panel.