Abstract:
The present invention embodies a technique, referred to as Secure QR Codes, which not only provides aesthetically enhanced QR codes but also allows for security. It can embed a standard black and white QR code, referred to as a public QR code, and a secret QR code, both into a secure QR code. The secure QR code produced is composed of colored cells. The public black and white QR code must first be, either aesthetically enhanced into an enhanced colored QR code, or transformed into a colored QR code with cells of uniform color obtained by transforming each of the black and white cells of the public QR code into cells that takes a color from a subset of possible colors, such that the luminance of each colored cell approximates accurately the black or white luminance values of the public QR code.
Abstract:
This invention relates to an apparatus and method for performing bidirectional Raman spectroscopy of a sample, preferably a diffusely scattering sample, in which two excitation light sources are employed to illuminate the sample from two opposite directions to excite Raman scattering signal from the sample. The Raman scattering signal which transmits through the sample are collected by two optical devices each positioned on the opposite side of the sample to obtain two transmission Raman spectra of the sample, which enables the accurate determination of the composition of the whole sample.
Abstract:
This invention discloses a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) apparatus based on high repetition rate pulsed laser. The laser produces a train of laser pulses at a high repetition rate in the kHz (or even higher) range. When the laser beam hits the biological sample, it generates several thousands of micro-plasmas per second. Synchronized miniature CCD array optical spectrometer modules collect the LIBS signal from these micro-plasmas. By adjusting the integration time of the spectrometer to cover a plurality of periods of the laser pulse train, the spectrometer integrates the LIBS signal produced by this plurality of laser pulses. Hence the intensity of the obtained LIBS spectrum can be greatly improved to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and lower the level of detection (LOD).
Abstract:
This invention discloses a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) apparatus with automatic wavelength calibration. The LIBS apparatus comprises a database of pre-obtained LIBS spectra of standard calibration samples. When the LIBS spectrum of a target sample is acquired, a processor unit calculates a cross correlation between the LIBS spectrum of the calibration sample and the spectrum of the target sample in reference to a possible wavelength shift between the two spectra. The exact wavelength shift between the two spectra is found where the cross correlation reaches a maximum value. The wavelength shift of the target spectrum is then corrected through an interpolation procedure and the wavelength shift corrected spectrum is analyzed to obtain the composition information of the target sample.
Abstract:
This invention discloses a compact laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) apparatus suitable for field operations. The LIBS apparatus comprises a Q-switched laser with laser pulse energy between several tens and several thousands of micro joules (μJ), which is significantly lower than that of traditional LIBS lasers. The spectrograph of the LIBS apparatus employs a dual CCD (charge coupled device) design, which maintains compact size and in the meantime offers large spectral coverage and high spectral resolution.
Abstract:
This invention discloses a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) apparatus and method for performing spectral imaging of a sample surface. A high repetition rate pulsed laser is employed to produce a train of laser pulses. The laser beam is then scanned by a scanning mechanism over a surface of the subject sample. Each laser pulse produces a LIBS signal from a specific position of the sample surface, which is then measured by a spectrometer device to obtain a LIBS spectrum. The position of the laser beam is recorded and correlated to the corresponding LIBS spectrum. A two dimensional (2-D) mapping of the sample surface to its LIBS spectra is acquired in this manner to construct a LIBS spectral image of the sample surface.
Abstract:
There is provided a phototherapy apparatus, in which the therapeutic light is delivered through or in proximity to one or more massage components. The massage component provides mechanical massage to the subject biological tissue and modifies the properties of the subject tissue in thickness, density, etc. to facilitate the absorption of the therapeutic light and enhance the effect of the phototherapy procedure.
Abstract:
A phototherapy and massage apparatus is disclosed for treating medical conditions in a patient's body cavity. The phototherapy and massage apparatus comprises a light source embedded in a hollow massage wand to produce therapeutic light. The massage wand can be inserted into the patient's body cavity to provide mechanical massage to the tissue inside. A portion of the massage wand is substantially transparent to the therapeutic light such that the therapeutic light can transmit through the massage wand to provide phototherapy to the same subject tissue.
Abstract:
An improved apparatus and method for deep tissue laser therapy, in which the phase of the laser light is spatially modulated to produce a modulated laser beam. The modulated laser beam is able to restore its intensity profile even after being scattered by the skin or the superficial layer of the tissue, allowing it to penetrate deep into the tissue to provide efficient therapeutic treatment.
Abstract:
An improved apparatus and method for fluorescence subtraction in Raman spectroscopy, where a narrow band light source and a broad band light source are utilized to stimulate Raman scattering and fluorescence emission from the same subject to produce two Raman/fluorescence spectra. The two light sources, with matched output power, produce similar level of fluorescence emission, yet the Raman scattering signal produced by the broad band light source has much lower spectral intensity than that produced by the narrow band light source. By subtracting the two Raman/fluorescence spectra, the weak Raman signal can be extracted from a strong fluorescence background.