公开(公告)号：US07349158B2

公开(公告)日：2008-03-25

申请号：US10661031

申请日：2003-09-12

申请人： John A. Moon ,  Martin A. Putnam

发明人： John A. Moon ,  Martin A. Putnam

IPC分类号： G02B5/18

CPC分类号： G03H1/0272 ,  B01J2219/00459 ,  B01J2219/00463 ,  B01J2219/0047 ,  B01J2219/005 ,  B01J2219/00547 ,  B01J2219/00576 ,  B01J2219/00702 ,  B01L3/502761 ,  B01L3/5085 ,  B01L2200/0636 ,  B01L2200/0668 ,  B01L2300/0654 ,  B01L2400/0409 ,  B01L2400/0457 ,  B01L2400/0487 ,  G03H2210/53 ,  G03H2230/10 ,  G03H2270/20 ,  G03H2270/24

摘要： Microparticles 8 includes an optical substrate 10 having at least one diffraction grating 12 disposed therein. The grating 12 having a plurality of colocated pitches Λ which represent a unique identification digital code that is detected when illuminated by incident light 24. The incident light 24 may be directed transversely from the side of the substrate 10 with a narrow band (single wavelength) or multiple wavelength source, in which case the code is represented by a spatial distribution of light or a wavelength spectrum, respectively. The code may be digital binary or may be other numerical bases. The micro-particles 8 can provide a large number of unique codes, e.g., greater than 67 million codes, and can withstand harsh environments. The micro-particles 8 are functionalized by coating them with a material/substance of interest, which are then used to perform multiplexed experiments involving chemical processes, e.g., DNA testing and combinatorial chemistry.

摘要翻译： 微粒8包括其中设置有至少一个衍射光栅12的光学基板10。 光栅12具有多个共同定位的间距λ，它们表示当被入射光24照射时检测到的唯一识别数字码。 入射光24可以以窄带（单波长）或多个波长源从基板10的侧面横向地引导，在这种情况下，代码分别由光或波长光谱的空间分布表示。 代码可以是数字二进制的，也可以是其他的数字基础。 微粒子8可以提供大量唯一的代码，例如大于6700万个代码，并且可以承受恶劣的环境。 通过用感兴趣的材料/物质涂覆微粒8来进行官能化，然后将其用于进行涉及化学过程（例如DNA测试和组合化学）的复合实验。

公开(公告)号：US06996316B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-07

申请号：US10098891

申请日：2002-03-18

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul Sanders ,  James Sullivan

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul Sanders ,  James Sullivan

IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B6/22 ,  H01S3/067

CPC分类号： G01L1/242 ,  G02B6/02057 ,  G02B6/274 ,  G02B6/2817 ,  G02B6/2821 ,  G02B6/2826 ,  G02B6/29334 ,  G02B6/4214 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/094007 ,  H01S3/094019

摘要： A large diameter D-shaped optical waveguide device 9, includes an optional circular waveguide portion 11 and a D-shaped waveguide portion 10 having at least one core 12 surrounded by a cladding 14. A portion of the waveguide device 9 has a generally D-shaped cross-section and has transverse waveguide dimension d2 greater than about 0.3 mm. At least one Bragg grating 16 may be impressed in the waveguide 10 and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one core may be used. The device 9 provides a sturdy waveguide platform for coupling light into and out of waveguides and for attachment and alignment to other waveguides, for single and multi-core applications. The core and/or cladding 12,14 may be doped with a rare-earth dopant and/or may be photosensitive. At least a portion of the core 12 may be doped between a pair of gratings 50,52 to form a fiber laser or the grating 16 or may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser or an interactive fiber laser within the waveguide 10. The waveguide may resemble a short “block” or a longer “cane” type, depending on the application and dimensions used.

摘要翻译： 大直径D形光波导器件9包括可选的圆形波导部分11和D形波导部分10，其具有被包层14包围的至少一个核心12。 波导器件9的一部分具有大致D形的横截面并且横向波导尺寸d 2大于约0.3mm。 可以在波导10中施加至少一个布拉格光栅16，和/或可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的芯。 器件9提供了一个坚固的波导平台，用于将光耦合到和流出波导，并用于连接和对准其他波导，用于单核和多核应用。 芯和/或包层12,14可掺杂稀土掺杂剂和/或可以是光敏的。 芯12的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅50,52之间以形成光纤激光器或光栅16，或者可以被构造为波导10内的可调DFB光纤激光器或交互光纤激光器。波导 可能类似于短的“块”或更长的“手杖”类型，具体取决于所使用的应用和尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US06982996B1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-03

申请号：US09455868

申请日：1999-12-06

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

IPC分类号： H01S3/30 ,  G02B6/16

CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06754

摘要： A large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser includes a waveguide 10 having at least one core 12 surrounded by a cladding 14, the core propagating light in substantially a few transverse spatial modes; and having an outer waveguide dimension d2 of said waveguide being greater than about 0.3 mm. At least one Bragg grating 16 may be impressed in the waveguide 10. The waveguide 10 may be axially compressed which causes the length L of the waveguide 10 to decrease without buckling. The waveguide 10 may be used for any application where a waveguide needs to be compression tuned, e.g., compression-tuned fiber gratings and lasers or other applications. Also, the waveguide 10 exhibits lower mode coupling from the core 12 to the cladding 14 and allows for higher optical power to be used when writing gratings 16 without damaging the waveguide 10. The shape of the waveguide 10 may have other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one core may be used. The core and/or cladding 12,14 may be doped with a rare-earth dopant and/or may be photosensitive. At least a portion of the core 12 may be doped between a pair of gratings 50,52 to form a fiber laser or the grating 16 or may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser or an interactive fiber laser within the waveguide 10. The waveguide may resemble a short “block” or a longer “cane” type, depending on the application and dimensions used.

摘要翻译： 大直径光波导，光栅和激光器包括具有由包层14围绕的至少一个芯12的波导10，芯以基本上几个横向空间模式传播光; 并且所述波导的外波导尺寸d 2大于约0.3mm。 可以在波导10中施加至少一个布拉格光栅16.波导10可以被轴向压缩，这导致波导10的长度L在没有弯曲的情况下减小。 波导管10可用于波导需要被压缩调谐的任何应用，例如压缩调谐的光纤光栅和激光器或其它应用。 此外，波导10表现出从芯12到包层14的较低模式耦合，并且允许在写入光栅16时使用更高的光功率，而不损坏波导10.波导10的形状可具有其他几何形状（例如， “狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的核心。 芯和/或包层12,14可掺杂稀土掺杂剂和/或可以是光敏的。 芯12的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅50,52之间以形成光纤激光器或光栅16，或者可以被构造为波导10内的可调DFB光纤激光器或交互光纤激光器。波导 可能类似于短的“块”或更长的“手杖”类型，具体取决于所使用的应用和尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US06594288B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-15

申请号：US09707083

申请日：2000-11-06

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Alan D. Kersey

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Alan D. Kersey

IPC分类号： H01S330

CPC分类号： H01S3/302 ,  H01S3/0635 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/1055

摘要： A tunable Raman laser and amplifier include a pair of tunable optical units optically connected by a length of optical fiber having an associated Raman gain. The tunable optical units tune respective optical waveguides, each of which includes an inner core disposed within an outer cladding. A plurality of Bragg gratings is written in each core of the waveguides. The reflection wavelengths of each Bragg grating of the input waveguide is the same as the reflection wavelength of a matched grating of the output waveguide, to thereby form a plurality of cascaded resonance cavities. Each resonance cavity has a reflecting wavelength equal to the center wavelength of successive Stokes orders associated with optical fiber. The Bragg gratings of each waveguide are written into a corresponding stepped region ground into the outer cladding of the waveguides. The tuning (e.g., compression) of the waveguides proportionally changes the reflection wavelengths of the gratings, and thereby proportionally changes the center wavelength of each resonance cavity. This method of proportionally tuning each matched pair of Bragg gratings enables the Raman laser to be tunable over an extended wavelength range.

摘要翻译： 可调谐拉曼激光器和放大器包括一对可调光学单元，其通过一定长度的具有相关拉曼增益的光纤光学连接。 可调谐光学单元调谐相应的光波导，每个光波导包括设置在外包层内的内芯。 多个布拉格光栅被写入波导的每个核心。 输入波导的每个布拉格光栅的反射波长与输出波导的匹配光栅的反射波长相同，从而形成多个级联谐振腔。 每个谐振腔具有等于与光纤相关联的连续斯托克斯次数的中心波长的反射波长。 每个波导的布拉格光栅被写入到波导的外包层中的对应的阶梯区域中。 波导的调谐（例如，压缩）成比例地改变光栅的反射波长，从而成比例地改变每个谐振腔的中心波长。 这种按比例调整每个匹配的布拉格光栅对的方法使拉曼激光器能够在一个更大的波长范围内可调。

公开(公告)号：US06470036B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-22

申请号：US09705326

申请日：2000-11-03

申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

IPC分类号： H01S310

CPC分类号： H01S5/141 ,  H01S3/1053 ,  H01S3/1055 ,  H01S5/02248

摘要： A tunable external cavity semiconductor laser incorporating a tunable Bragg grating, including: a semiconductor gain medium; an elongated tuner housing having a tuner housing head and having a tuner housing foot, the tuner housing head and tuner housing foot being rigidly connected; a span of waveguide having a Bragg grating, for receiving the source light and for providing in turn the reflected light, and having a waveguide head and a waveguide foot, the waveguide head abutting the tuner housing head and the waveguide foot disposed toward the tuner housing foot; a piezoelectric crystal or other device or arrangement for providing a compressive force, disposed so as to abut the waveguide foot and also to abut the tuner housing foot, the means for applying a compressive force for exerting a compressive force on the span of waveguide along the direction of the axis of the span of waveguide, the compressive force being sufficient to alter the grating so as to affect the wavelength of light reflected by the grating. In some applications, the waveguide includes sections of different thicknesses, each having a sampled grating, the two sampled gratings being created so that at any given compressive force exerted by the piezoelectric crystal, the two gratings reflect at most one wavelength in common. The tunable laser in such an application therefore behaves as a stepped tunable laser.

摘要翻译： 一种包含可调谐布拉格光栅的可调谐外腔半导体激光器，包括：半导体增益介质; 具有调谐器壳体头部并且具有调谐器壳体脚的细长调谐器壳体，调谐器壳体头部和调谐器壳体脚刚性连接; 具有布拉格光栅的波导的跨距，用于接收源光并反过来提供反射光，并具有波导头和波导脚，波导头邻近调谐器壳体头部和朝向调谐器壳体设置的波导脚 脚丫子; 用于提供压缩力的压电晶体或其它装置或装置，其设置成邻接波导脚并且还抵靠调谐器壳体脚，用于施加压缩力以在波导跨度上施加压缩力的装置沿着 波导跨距的方向，压缩力足以改变光栅，以便影响由光栅反射的光的波长。 在一些应用中，波导包括不同厚度的部分，每个具有采样的光栅，两个采样的光栅被创建，使得在由压电晶体施加的任何给定的压缩力下，两个光栅共同反射至多一个波长。 因此，在这种应用中的可调谐激光器作为阶梯式可调谐激光器。

公开(公告)号：US06310990B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-30

申请号：US09519802

申请日：2000-03-06

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Michael A. Davis ,  David G. Bellemore ,  Walter A. Helm

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Michael A. Davis ,  David G. Bellemore ,  Walter A. Helm

IPC分类号： G02B600

CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G01D5/35316 ,  G01D5/35377 ,  G01L1/246 ,  G02F1/011

摘要： A tunable optical device has a compression tuned optical structure and a displacement sensor. The compression tuned optical structure responds to an optical signal, and further responds to a displacement sensor signal, for providing a compression tuned optical structure signal containing information about a change in an optical characteristic of the compression tuned optical structure, and for also further providing an excitation caused by a change in a displacement of the compression tuned optical structure. The displacement sensor responds to the excitation, for providing a displacement sensor signal containing information about the change in the displacement of the compression tuned optical structure. The compression tuned optical structure may be in the form of a dogbone structure that is an all-glass compression unit having wider end portions separated by a narrower intermediate portion. The displacement sensor includes a capacitance sensor affixed to the compression tuned optical structure for measuring a change in capacitance between two parallel and opposing plates that depends on a change in a gap or an area with respect to the two parallel and opposing plates.

摘要翻译： 可调谐光学器件具有压缩调谐光学结构和位移传感器。 压缩调谐光学结构响应光信号，并进一步响应位移传感器信号，用于提供包含关于压缩调谐光学结构的光学特性的变化的信息的压缩调谐光学结构信号，并且还进一步提供 由压缩调谐光学结构的位移的变化引起的激励。 位移传感器响应于激励，用于提供包含关于压缩调谐光学结构的位移变化的信息的位移传感器信号。 压缩调谐光学结构可以是狗骨架结构的形式，其是具有由较窄中间部分分开的较宽端部的全玻璃压缩单元。 位移传感器包括固定到压缩调谐光学结构上的电容传感器，用于测量取决于相对于两个平行和相对的板的间隙或面积的变化的两个平行板和相对板之间的电容变化。

公开(公告)号：US06233373B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

申请号：US09337159

申请日：1999-06-21

申请人： Charles G. Askins ,  Martin A. Putnam

发明人： Charles G. Askins ,  Martin A. Putnam

IPC分类号： G02B602

CPC分类号： G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/021 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/1895 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G02B6/2932

摘要： An aspect of the present invention is an optical spectrometer for detecting a spectral signature of a input optical signal, including: (a) a collimating lens having an optical axis and focal plane, for collimating the input optical signal; (b) an input optical system, for directing the input optical signal to the collimating lens; (c) a diffraction grating, for scattering the collimated input optical signal, positioned in the path of collimated light from the collimating lens, oriented to reflect a majority of the scattered light through the collimating lens; and (d) a detector, in a focal plane of the collimating lens. Another aspect of the invention is a fiber-based sensing system using the optical spectrometer of the invention. Such a system will include (a) an optical fiber having an array of fiber Bragg gratings, where each of the gratings is reflective at a selected wavelength; (b) a light source, for radiating light at each of the selected wavelengths, optically coupled to the optical fiber; and (c) the optical spectrometer of the invention, optically coupled to the optical fiber, for detecting a spectral signature of reflected light from the fiber Bragg gratings. Typically, the spectrometer output will be fed to a data capturing system, and subsequently to a data analysis system, which may combined in a single computer system for control, data capture.

摘要翻译： 本发明的一个方面是用于检测输入光信号的光谱特征的光谱仪，包括：（a）具有光轴和焦平面的准直透镜，用于准直输入光信号; （b）用于将输入光信号引导到准直透镜的输入光学系统; （c）衍射光栅，用于散射位于来自准直透镜的准直光的路径中的准直输入光信号，其被定向成反射大部分散射光通过准直透镜; 和（d）在准直透镜的焦平面中的检测器。 本发明的另一方面是使用本发明的光谱仪的基于光纤的感测系统。 这样的系统将包括（a）具有光纤布拉格光栅阵列的光纤，其中每个光栅以选定的波长反射; （b）光源，用于在每个所选择的波长处照射光，光耦合到光纤; 和（c）光学耦合到光纤的本发明的光谱仪，用于检测来自光纤布拉格光栅的反射光的光谱特征。 通常，光谱仪输出将被馈送到数据捕获系统，然后被馈送到数据分析系统，其可以组合在单个计算机系统中用于控制，数据捕获。

公开(公告)号：US6122305A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-19

申请号：US024516

申请日：1998-02-17

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Michael L. Dennis ,  Irl N. Duling, III ,  E. Joseph Friebele ,  Jin U. Kang

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Michael L. Dennis ,  Irl N. Duling, III ,  E. Joseph Friebele ,  Jin U. Kang

IPC分类号： G01D5/353 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/083 ,  H01S3/098 ,  G02B6/34

CPC分类号： H01S3/06791 ,  G01D5/35383 ,  H01S3/06712 ,  H01S3/1112

摘要： In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a ring laser configuration having a polarizer, and whose cavity loop has substantially no net dispersion, permitting mode locked pulsing of high intensity and large bandwidth. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a system using this laser to interrogate a plurality of arrays of Bragg gratings by use of both time and wavelength division multiplexing, increasing the total number of interrogatable gratings. In accordance with a third aspect of the invention, a system for interrogating one or more fiber Bragg gratings separated from the optical source by a dispersive optical fiber. As such a grating distends responsive to some measurand, its reflection frequency changes, and the traversal time of the reflection over the dispersive fiber changes, permitting inference of the measurand.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明的一个方面，具有偏振器并且其空腔环基本上没有净色散的环形激光器配置允许高强度和大带宽的锁模脉冲。 根据本发明的另一方面，使用该激光器的系统通过使用时间和波分复用来询问多个布拉格光栅阵列，增加了可询问光栅的总数。 根据本发明的第三方面，一种用于询问通过分散光纤从光源分离的一个或多个光纤布拉格光栅的系统。 由于这样的光栅响应于一些被测量而扩散，其反射频率发生变化，并且在分散光纤上的反射的遍历时间改变，允许推测被测量。

公开(公告)号：US08111963B2

公开(公告)日：2012-02-07

申请号：US12199584

申请日：2008-08-27

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

IPC分类号： G02B6/36

CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06754

摘要： A large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser includes a waveguide having at least one core surrounded by a cladding, the core propagating light in substantially a few transverse spatial modes; and having an outer waveguide dimension of said waveguide being greater than about 0.3 mm. At least one Bragg grating may be impressed in the waveguide. The waveguide may be axially compressed which causes the length of the waveguide to decrease without buckling. The waveguide may be used for any application where a waveguide needs to be compression tuned. Also, the waveguide exhibits lower mode coupling from the core to the cladding and allows for higher optical power to be used when writing gratings without damaging the waveguide. The waveguide may resemble a short “block” or a longer “cane” type, depending on the application and dimensions used.

摘要翻译： 大直径光波导，光栅和激光器包括具有由包层围绕的至少一个核的波导，所述核以基本上几个横向空间模式传播光; 并且具有所述波导的外波导尺寸大于约0.3mm。 至少一个布拉格光栅可以印在波导中。 波导可以被轴向压缩，这导致波导的长度减小而没有弯曲。 波导可以用于波导需要被压缩调谐的任何应用。 此外，波导表现出从芯到包层的较低模式耦合，并且允许在写入光栅时使用更高的光功率而不损坏波导。 根据使用的应用和尺寸，波导可能类似于短的“块”或更长的“手杖”类型。

公开(公告)号：US07901630B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-08

申请号：US11226914

申请日：2005-09-13

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  John A. Moon ,  Tuo Li

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  John A. Moon ,  Tuo Li

IPC分类号： G01N33/00 ,  G01N33/556 ,  G03H1/00 ,  C12M1/34 ,  C12M3/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/4788 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G03H1/26 ,  G03H2001/0033

摘要： An assay stick 7 includes a transparent reaction vessel or tube 14 having one or more microbeads 8 disposed therein. The microbeads 8 have a plurality of unique identification digital codes based on a diffraction grating 12 disposed therein that are detected when illuminated by incident light 24. The incident light 24 may be directed transversely onto the side or onto an end of the tube 14 with a narrow band (single wavelength) or multiple wavelength source, in which case the code is represented by a spatial distribution of light or a wavelength spectrum, respectively. The assay stick 7 may be reused or disposed upon completion of the assay. Alternatively, the beads may be attached to a strip or planar surface. The encoded beads can also provide traceability, quality-control, and authenticity of each bead 8 to its source and/or to the chemistry on each bead 8. Also, the low sample volume of the assay stick allows for faster reactions and better sensitivity.

摘要翻译： 测定棒7包括其中设置有一个或多个微珠8的透明反应容器或管14。 微珠8具有基于设置在其中的衍射光栅12的多个独特的识别数字代码，其被入射光24照射时检测。入射光24可以横向地被引导到管14的一侧或一端上，其中 窄带（单波长）或多波长源，在这种情况下，码分别由光或波长光谱的空间分布表示。 测定棒7可以在测定完成后重复使用或放置。 或者，珠可以附接到条或平面表面。 编码的珠粒还可以提供每个珠粒8到其来源和/或每个珠粒8上的化学物质的可追溯性，质量控制和真实性。而且，测定棒的低样本体积允许更快的反应和更好的灵敏度。