Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a photonic crystal waveguide inlet structure for improving coupling efficiency of a strip waveguide and a photonic crystal waveguide. The photonic crystal waveguide inlet structure includes an inlet region of the photonic crystal waveguide. The photonic crystal waveguide includes photonic crystals in which air holes are arranged in a triangle lattice shape in a dielectric, and a hybrid waveguide in which at least one of the air holes is removed, the hybrid waveguide spacing the inlet region apart from the strip waveguide.
Abstract:
A synchronous semiconductor memory device having an on-die termination (ODT) circuit, and an ODT method, satisfy ODT DC and AC parameter specifications and perform an adaptive impedance matching through an external or internal control, by executing an ODT operation synchronized to an external clock. The synchronous semiconductor memory device having a data output circuit for performing a data output operation synchronously to the external clock includes the ODT circuit for generating ODT up and down signals having the same timing as data output up and down signals for the data output operation, to perform the ODT operation.
Abstract:
An on-die termination (ODT) circuit may include an ODT synchronous buffer and/or an ODT gate. The ODT synchronous buffer may be configured to generate a synchronous ODT command from an external ODT command in synchronization with a first clock signal delay-locked to an external clock signal. The ODT gate may be configured to generate signals for controlling ODT based on a second clock signal delay-locked to the external clock signal and the synchronous ODT command. The synchronous ODT command may be generated in a disabled period of the second clock signal.
Abstract:
An output driver capable of controlling a short circuit current includes a driving unit and a driving control unit. The driving unit receives a first driving signal and a second driving signal in response to a control signal and generates an output signal. The driving unit control unit includes a driving unit copying unit having the same construction as the driving unit and compares an output copying signal generated from the first and second driving signals by the driving unit copying unit with a reference voltage and generates the control signal that controls delays of the first and second driving signals in a test mode.
Abstract:
A data output buffer includes an output terminal, a buffer and a pull-down driver. The output terminal is coupled to a first end of a transmission line, the transmission line being coupled to a pull-up termination resistor at a second end. The buffer pulls up the output terminal to a first power supply voltage and pulls down the output terminal to a second power supply voltage based on an output data signal. The pull-down driver pre-emphasizes an initial stage of a pull-down driving operation of the output terminal based on the output data.
Abstract:
A portable information processing apparatus including a main body which includes a display opening and a front panel surface surrounding the display opening, a display to display an image through the display opening, and a key button input unit including one or more horizontal key groups including a plurality of key buttons arranged in an outwardly direction from the display opening in a portion of the front panel surface; and a reference line to connect and extend across top end portions of referenced key buttons in the one or more horizontal key groups extending in the outwardly direction from the display opening, wherein at least a portion of the reference line forms an angle with respect to a plane including a viewing surface of the display unit.
Abstract:
A method of discriminating an optical disc type and an apparatus thereof. The method for an optical disc system of recording and/or reproducing an optical disc that includes an optical pickup having a laser diode, an object lens, and a light receiving device, checks a track error signal while moving the object lens to upward/downward, and discriminates an optical disc type by using the magnitude of the checked track error signal. The method and apparatus discriminate the disc type in the initial stage of focusing where the object lens moves to upward/downward.
Abstract:
An LCD device and a method of driving the same are disclosed, to improve a picture quality by realizing a rapid response speed, wherein the LCD device comprises an image display part which includes liquid crystal cells formed in respective regions defined by a plurality of gate and data lines; a timing controller which modulates data inputted according to a first frame frequency to modulation data to realize a rapid response speed of liquid crystal, and outputs the modulation data or data to a second frame frequency; a gate driver which generates gate on voltages under control of the timing controller, and supplies the gate on voltages to the gate lines in sequence; and a data driver which converts the modulation data or data supplied from the timing controller to a data voltage, and supplies the data voltage to the data line in synchronization with the gate on voltage.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for a portable terminal that adjust sizes of user data displayed on a screen are provided. Requested user data is displayed on a screen of the portable terminal in response to a request from a user. If a key is input, a determination is made as to whether an enlargement/reduction mode is set. If the enlargement/reduction mode is set, a key event associated with the input key is identified. If the key event is a request for enlargement, the displayed user data is enlarged by a preset enlargement ratio and the enlarged user data is displayed on the screen. If the key event is a request for reduction, the displayed user data is reduced by a preset reduction ratio and the reduced user data is displayed on the screen.
Abstract:
A vibration quantity measuring apparatus and method, and a loop design method in which a vibration quantity generated in a focus and tracking loop is accurately measured to optimally design a focus and tracking loop of an optical disc drive. The vibration quantity measuring apparatus includes an error gain adjusting unit which adjusts an amplitude of a focus and tracking error which occurs where a disc rotates, so as to maintain the amplitude of the focus and tracking error constant, a loop gain adjusting unit which compares a closed loop phase of a focus and tracking loop and a predetermined reference closed loop phase, and maintains a constant gain of the focus and tracking loop to compensate for a gain difference of an actuator, and a measuring unit which calculates and outputs a vibration quantity using an error adjusted by the error gain adjusting unit and the loop gain adjusting unit, and an output of a controller which controls a focus and tracking of the disc. According to the methods and apparatus, a focus and tracking vibration quantity that occur differently depending on the type of a disc, on which data is recorded on or read from, or depending on a speed factor of a disc drive, can be measured.