Abstract:
The tendency of threaded closures for metal containers employing metal caps or plugs to become inoperative as a result of corrosion or excessive wearing away of the threads is significantly reduced by employing a hollow, non-metallic member that is removably engaged with both the perimeter of the container aperture and the cap or plug. A metallic cover forms part of the closure assembly and conceals all non-metallic members, thereby conforming to the requirement for a container exhibiting a completely metallic exterior surface.
Abstract:
A METHOD IS PROVIDED FOR IMPARTING DECORATIVE, LIGHT DIFFUSING AND/OR NON-REFLECTIVE ETCHING TO NICKEL SURFACES WHICH INCLUDES IMMERSING OBJECTS HAVING CLEAN NICKEL SURFACES IN A SOLUTION HAVING A PH WITHHIN THE RANFE OF 9-12 AND CONTAINING A NICKEL OXIDANT, ETHYLENEDIAMINE AND A SOURCE OF SULFATE ION, FOR A PERIOD OF TIME SUFFICIENT TO FORM CRYSTALS ON THE NICKEL SURFACES, WITHDRAWING THE OBJECTS WITH THE CRYSTAL FORMATION THEREON FROM THE NICKEL TION, REMOVING ANY REMAINING SOLUTION FROM THE NICKEL SURFACES, AND IMMERSING THE OBJECTS IN A CRYSTAL SOLVENT TO DISSOLVE THE CRYSTALS, AND REMOVING THE OBJECTS WITH THE ETCHED NICKEL SURFACES THEREON, THE PATTERN OF THE ETCHING BEING SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME AS THE ORIGINAL CRYSTAL FORMATION THEREON, FURTHER, SOLUTIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR IMPARTING THE DECORATIVE, LIGHT DIFFUSING AND/OR NON-REFLECTIVE ETCH AND OBJECTS HAVING DISPOSED THEREON DECORATIVE, LIGHT DIFFUSING AND/OR NON-REFLECTIVE ETCHED NICKEL SURFACES.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a method of modifying a hydrohalogen polymer surface wherein said hydrohalogen polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, and polyvinyl dichloride which comprises contacting the hydrohalogen polymer surface with an alkali metal alkoxide MOR wherein M is an alkali metal and R is an alkyl group at a temperature of 2* to 106* C for a time increment of 5 minutes to 300 minutes thereby forming an alkoxide-activated surface thereof; contacting said surface with an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent of sufficient strength to convert an olefinic double bond to the corresponding aldehyde or carboxyl group to form an oxygen-activated, alkoxide-activated surface; and electrolessly depositing onto said surface a metal deposit.
Abstract:
THIS INVENTION RELATES TO NOVEL COMPOSITIONS AND TO THE PROCESS FOR ELECTROPLATING A PLATE METAL ONTO A CATHODE OF HIGH HYDROGEN OVERVOLTAGE BASIS METAL HAVING AREAS OF LOW CATHODIC CURRENT DENSITY WHEREON PLATING DOES NOT OCCUR AND SELECTED AREAS OF HIGH CATHODE CURRENT DENSITY WHICH COMPRISES PLACING ONLY THE CATHODE AREAS OF LOW CATHODE CURRENT DENSITY IN ITIMATE ELECTRICAL CONTACT WITH A LOW HYDROGEN OVERVOLTAGE METAL HAVING A HYDROGEN OVERVOLTAGE OF LESS THAN ABOUT 0.3 VOLT AT A CURRENT DENSITY OF 0.1 AMPERE PER SQUARE DECIMETER; AND PLATING THE PLATE METAL ONTO SAID SELECTED AREAS OF THE SURFACE OF SAID CATHODE, THE SAID CATHODE AREAS OF LOW CURRENT DENSITY REMAINING SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OF ETCHING DURING SAID PLATING.
Abstract:
A system for the continuous plating, cleaning or rinsing of articles wherein all surfaces of the articles are uniformly and entirely exposed to the fluid through which they are conveyed. A trough suspended within a fluid bath is operative to cyclically move forward and upward and abruptly return to its initial position thereby to cause articles in the trough to inertially fall to positions successively forward of the trough and in new positions with respect to the trough and other articles.
Abstract:
Distannanes of the formula R3Sn-SnR3, wherein R represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical, are prepared in high yield and purity by reacting the corresponding triorganotin halide with molten metallic sodium at elevated temperature in the absence of any solvent or diluent other than the reactants.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus are provided for the simultaneous impartation and measurement of photoinitiated degradation of a plurality of resin samples by the application thereto of actinic radiation while continuously measuring the radiation passing through the resins so as to determine constantly the effectiveness quantitatively of different stabilizer components contained in the resins from initial exposure through the maximum rate of discoloration, and during a period of time substantially reduced from corresponding conditions produced under natural weather conditions. In addition, single means are provided for producing the radiation and the photodegradation, as well as means for constantly monitoring and measuring the radiation intensity alone and the degrading effects thereof on the resin samples, and under constantly maintained temperature conditions.
Abstract:
IN ACCORDANCE WITH CERTAIN OF ITS ASPECTS, THIS INVENTION RELATES TO NOVEL COMPOSITIONS AND TO A PROCESS FOR ELECTRODEPOSITING BRIGHT, STRONGLY LEVELED, DUCTILE COPPER FROM AN AQUEOUS ACIDIC COPPER PLATING BATH CONTAINING CHLORIDE IONS AND AT LEAST ONE MEMBER INDEPENDENTLY SELECTED FROM EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GROUPS: (A) A POLYSULFIDE COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
R''-(S)N-R-SO3M
(B) AN OPEN-THIOUREA COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
R1-N(-R2)-C(=S)-N(-R3)-R4
AND/OR TAUTOMERS THEREOF; AND
(C) A POLYETHER CONTAINING AT LEAST 5 ETHER OXYGEN ATOMS PER MOLECULE; WHEREIN EACH R IS INDEPENDENTLY A DIVALENT ALIPHATIC OR AROMATIC NON-HETERCYCLIC GROUP OF 1-10 CARBON ATOMS; R'' IS HYDROGEN, A METAL CATION, A MONOVALENT ALIPHATIC OR AROMATIC GROUP OF 1-20 CARBON ATOMS, OR THE GROUPS -R-SO3M OR -R-(S)Q-RSO3M WHEREIN Q IS AN INTEGER 2-5; M IS A CATION; EACH OF R1, R2, R3, AND R4 IS INDEPENDENTLY HYDROGEN OR AN ALKYL, ARYL, ALKENYL, ACETYL, ALDEHYDOALKYL, AMINO, HETERO GROUP HAVING A RING CONTAINING 5-7 RING ATOMS AND AT LEAT ONE HETER-ATOM SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF OXYGEN, NITROGEN, AND SULFUR; HYDROXYALKYL OR AMINOALKYL GROUP OF 1-6 CARBON ATOMS; WITH AT LEAST ONE R1-4 A HYDROGEN ATOMS; EACH OF R1-2 AND R3-4 MAY FROM A RING WITH EACH OF THE NITROGEN ATOMS; AND N IS AN INTEGER 2-5.
Abstract:
Apparatus is provided for the rectification of a power source for the use ultimately in such applications as electroplating, with the apparatus utilizing electrical conducting materials in the form of tubing for conveying simultaneously cooling fluids directly to areas adjacent parts requiring cooling during operation, and electrical current over substantial portions of the circuitry of the apparatus. In addition, new heat sink arrangements are provided for more even distribution of cooling fluids over parts to be cooled, and new clamping arrangements are provided for even distribution of pressure on parts being held and which clamping arrangements are readily manipulated by a single adjustment.
Abstract:
This invention comprises novel compounds exhibiting one direct carbon to tin bond, one direct halogen to tin bond and two direct sulfur to tin bonds, methods of preparing these novel compounds, and to polymers stabilized by these novel compounds against the deteriorative effects of heat and light.