摘要:
In homogeneous materials, etching characteristics depend on properties inherent in these materials regardless of whether they are isotropic or anisotropic, and there have been limitations in realizing various desired shapes. A subject for the invention is to provide a gradient material which eliminates these limitations.A gradient material is provided in which the rate of etching with a specific chemical substance changes continuously or by steps from the outermost surface to an inner part thereof. This gradient material is made of a main material which contains an additive capable of changing the etching rate of the main material so that the concentration of the additive changes continuously or by steps. Especially when a glass material containing SiO2 as the main component is used as the main material and fluorine is used as the additive, then a gradient material in which the rate of etching with an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid changes in the depth direction can be obtained.
摘要:
A photothermal conversion spectroscopic analysis method which is capable of performing analysis, measurement and detection with high sensitivity. A sample flows in a channel. A exciting light and a detecting light are exited. A gradient refractive index rod lens converges the exited light and forms a focal point at a position in or close to the channel. Intensity of the exited light and passing through the channel are detected. A depth of the channel is not less than two time as large as a difference in distance between focal positions of the exciting light and the detecting light.
摘要:
A process cartridge includes a toner unit including a toner containing space and a toner supply space. A development unit including rollers. There is a holding frame having a fixture section for the development unit and an accepting section for the toner unit. The process cartridge is constructed arrangement in which the toner is fixed in a predetermined position in the accepting section of the holding frame or which the toner unit is detachably installed in a predetermined position in the accepting section of the holding frame.
摘要:
A toner cartridge includes: a toner storage chamber; a toner collecting chamber; a partitioning wall for separating these chambers; a cylindrical return pipe penetrating through the partitioning wall with a conveyer screw arranged therein and is configured so that when the amount of untransferred toner collected into the toner collecting chamber exceeds the height of the return pipe, the untransferred toner is conveyed by the rotation of the conveyer screw to be returned into the toner storage chamber.
摘要:
The length of a conveying sheet is set to be greater than the rotational radius of an agitating element so that the distal end of the conveying sheet will slide over the inner wall of the toner container. A slider element having a low frictional resistance is attached at the distal end of the conveying sheet. The slider element preferably has a low coefficient of dynamic friction and is preferably made of a soft resilient material having a thickness smaller than the conveying sheet. Cutouts or openings may be preferably formed at the distal part. A multiple number of ribs are attached to the wall surface of the toner container at the highest position at which the wall and the top plate meet. The ribs are arranged apart from each other in the direction parallel to the agitating shaft of the agitating element. Each rib is a plate-like element projected inward from the wall surface in the toner container with its width put in the direction of the spacing. Further the end portions of the ribs on the interior side of the toner container are adapted to form a curved surface smoothly connecting the top plate surface and the wall surface.
摘要:
A vibration control device of a vibration type motor stops motor driving when the actual driving speed, does not come close to a target speed though the frequency of a driving periodic signal is feedback-controlled to the target speed, to prevent an error when the driving circuit fails.
摘要:
In order to detect a base station for a call connect or handover in almost real time while a mobile communication apparatus is moving, the measured base station selecting unit 110 refers to the measured base station table 101 and selects a next base station to be measured. The measuring unit 111 measures the signal quality for the selected base station. The measuring result judging unit 112 compares the measured signal quality with a predetermined threshold and judges whether the measurement of the signal quality of the present base station should be continued or whether a switch to measuring a next base station should be performed. The periphery base station table updating unit 113 rearranges the content of the periphery base station table 102 in descending order of signal quality, based on the information stored in the periphery base station table 102 and on the averages of the signal quality measurements.
摘要:
A developing apparatus comprises a development housing containing developer and disposed opposite to a carrier for carrying a latent image, and a developing roller rotatably provided in the development housing and rotatively driven in a predetermined direction. The developer in the development housing is carried by the developing roller and the developer carried by the developing roller is applied to the carrier through an opening formed in the development housing. A rotation speed F.beta. of the developing roller is higher than a movement speed F.alpha. of the carrier. A gap .beta. between an opening downstream side wall portion of the development housing and the developing roller is greater than a gap .alpha. between the opening downstream side wall portion and the carrier.
摘要:
Vents are formed on a developer flow regulating plate inside a casing so as to reduce a pressure in a first space which increases as a developer holder rotates. Further, vents for connecting a vacuum space formed in front of a developer layer thickness regulating section for regulating a thickness of a developer layer formed on the surface of the developer holder and the outside air are formed. The vents thus formed for connecting the vacuum space and the outside air take in the outside air along the front face of the developer layer regulating section so as to increase the negative pressure in the vacuum space. A shape of a lower edge portion of an opening section formed on the casing is varied in a longitudinal direction so as to optimize an effect of suppressing a scattering of a developer. Furthermore, a rotation start timing of an agitating section for agitating the developer to be supplied to the developer holder is delayed from a rotation start timing of the developer holder. The described features permit the scattering of the developer to be suppressed.
摘要:
A developer processing apparatus includes a rotary member provided rotatably in a container containing the developer, a sealing member provided at the rotary member and being brought into pressure contact with a portion supporting the rotary member and a sealing layer provided at the portion where the sealing member is brought into pressure contact, and formed of a material having lower hardness than the sealing member.