公开(公告)号：US20050011254A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-20

申请号：US10917156

申请日：2004-08-12

Applicant: Dale Swanson ,  Len Enlow ,  Anton Monge

Inventor： Dale Swanson ,  Len Enlow ,  Anton Monge

IPC: G01N25/56 ,  G01N27/04 ,  H05K1/02 ,  H05K3/28 ,  G01M3/22

CPC classification number: H05K3/284 ,  G01N25/56 ,  G01N27/048 ,  H05K1/0268 ,  H05K2201/10151

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an intrusion of an environmental substance into an environmentally sealed electronic components package. The electronic components package generally includes a plastic coated or plastic enclosed electronic component, that includes a printed circuit board and/or integrated circuits. The intrusion of the environmental substance into the electronic components package can be measured by one of a plurality of monitors. The monitors can detect the presence of the environmental substance and alert a user that a break in the seal of the electronic components package has occurred.

Abstract translation: 一种用于检测环境物质侵入环境密封的电子元件封装中的装置。 电子部件封装通常包括塑料涂覆或塑料封闭的电子部件，其包括印刷电路板和/或集成电路。 环境物质侵入电子元器件封装可以通过多个监视器中的一个进行测量。 监视器可以检测环境物质的存在并且向用户警告发生了电子元件封装的密封件的破裂。

公开(公告)号：US20020180448A1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-05

申请号：US10151195

申请日：2002-05-20

Inventor： Tomonori Imamura ,  Toshiyuki Kawai ,  Kunio Okamoto

IPC: G01N027/02 ,  H01M008/08

CPC classification number: H01M8/04089 ,  G01N27/048 ,  H01M8/04119 ,  H01M8/04291 ,  H01M8/0435 ,  H01M8/04365 ,  H01M8/04388 ,  H01M8/04395 ,  H01M8/0441 ,  H01M8/04455 ,  H01M8/0447 ,  H01M8/04507 ,  H01M8/04522 ,  H01M8/04529 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04589 ,  H01M8/04649 ,  H01M8/04708 ,  H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/04835 ,  H01M8/04992

Abstract: A measuring method first calculates the conductivity of an electrolyte membrane based on measured output voltage and output current of a fuel cell. The water content of an oxidant channel as an index of present water content (PWC) of the fuel cell is calculated based on the calculated conductivity and the other measured physical quantities of the fuel cell. Further the method calculates the water content of the oxidant channel after the inside of the fuel cell reaches a steady state as an index of future water content (FWC) using the measured physical quantities. The PWC index and FWC index are compared, and it is finally determined, based on the result of the comparison and the difference between the previous and present values of the conductivity, whether the water content of the fuel cell is short or excessive at the present time.

Abstract translation: 测量方法首先基于测量的燃料电池的输出电压和输出电流来计算电解质膜的电导率。 基于所计算的电导率和燃料电池的其他测量物理量，计算作为燃料电池的当前含水量（PWC）的指标的氧化剂通道的水含量。 此外，该方法使用测量的物理量计算燃料电池内部达到稳定状态之后的氧化剂通道的含水量作为未来含水量（FWC）的指标。 比较PWC指数和FWC指数，最终根据比较结果和电导率的先前和现在值之间的差异，确定燃料电池的含水量是否短或过量 时间。

公开(公告)号：US20020167412A1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-14

申请号：US09939939

申请日：2001-08-27

Applicant: Kenneth James Cuming

Inventor： Kenneth James Cuming

IPC: G08B021/00

CPC classification number: G01N27/048 ,  A01G25/167 ,  G01N33/246

Abstract: The present specification discloses a soil mixture sensing device for sensing moisture levels in a particular soil area under surveillance, the device having a porous body (11) which in use is placed in the soil area under surveillance, the body (11) having at least two zones, a first one of said zones (11) having pore sizes that approximate a range of pores in typical soils, a second one of the zones (14) having pores arranged to be small enough to remain hydrated at matric tensions of the soil solution significantly above those which cause the first zone (11) to dehydrate, the first zone (11) containing a first electrode (12) and the second zone (14) containing a second electrode (16), each of which are paired with an electrode (17) common to both said zones (11) and (14) whereby, as the matric tension of the soil solution in the soil in the surveillance area increases, the pores within the first zone (11) progressively dehydrate causing electrical resistance between the first electrode and the common electrode (17) to progressively increase while the pores in the second zone (14) remain hydrated such that the electrical resistance between the second electrode (16) and the common electrode (17) changes only in response to conductivity of the soil solution in the pores of the second zone (14).

Abstract translation: 本说明书公开了一种土壤混合物检测装置，用于检测在监视下的特定土壤区域中的水分含量，所述装置具有多孔体（11），其在使用中被放置在监视的土壤区域内，所述主体（11）至少具有 两个区域，所述区域（11）中的第一个具有接近典型土壤中的孔隙范围的孔径;第二区域（14）具有排列成足够小以保持在土壤的基质张力下保持水合的孔 溶液显着高于使第一区（11）脱水的溶液，含有第一电极（12）的第一区（11）和含有第二电极（16）的第二区（14），每个第二区与第一区 两个所述区域（11）和（14）共同的电极（17），由此，随着监视区域土壤中土壤溶液的基质张力增加，第一区域（11）内的孔逐渐脱水，导致第 第一个电话 并且所述公共电极（17）逐渐增加，同时所述第二区域（14）中的孔保持水合，使得所述第二电极（16）和所述公共电极（17）之间的电阻仅响应于所述第二区域 在第二区（14）的孔中的土壤溶液。

公开(公告)号：US20020060576A1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-23

申请号：US09901043

申请日：2001-07-10

Applicant: National Research Institure for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention

Inventor： Masaki Tominaga

IPC: G01R027/08

CPC classification number: G01N33/246 ,  G01N27/048

Abstract: A measuring system has at least four electrodes and an electric current measuring resistance placed in a material under measurement in a desired manner. A power supply supplies an alternating current between two of the electrodes through the resistance. A current measuring unit measures an electric current flowing through the resistance. A voltage measuring unit measures an electric potential difference between electrodes other than the electrodes supplied with the alternating current. A computing unit obtains a conductivity on the basis of the measured electric current and electric potential difference, together with a coefficient determined by the manner in which the electrodes are placed, and performs conversion based on calibration data to obtain the amount of a specific substance mixed in the material under measurement. An electrode rod has a distal end member formed from a cylindrical member, one end of which is formed into a conical shape. The cylindrical member is integrally formed at the other end thereof with an inner cylindrical portion having an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the cylindrical member by an amount corresponding to the wall thickness of the cylindrical member. The electrode rod further has a plurality of annular electrodes and a plurality of spacers, each having an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the inner cylindrical portion. A cable lead-in opening is provided in the wall surface of the inner cylindrical portion. The annular electrodes are fitted onto the outer periphery of the inner cylindrical portion one after another at spacings determined by the spacers, and cables are led to the annular electrodes through the cable lead-in opening.

Abstract translation: 测量系统具有至少四个电极和电流测量电阻，以期望的方式放置在被测材料中。 电源通过电阻在两个电极之间提供交流电。 电流测量单元测量流经电阻的电流。 电压测量单元测量除了提供有交流电流的电极之外的电极之间的电位差。 计算单元根据所测量的电流和电位差以及由放置电极的方式确定的系数获得电导率，并且基于校正数据进行转换以获得混合的特定物质的量 在测量的材料中。 电极棒具有由圆柱形构件形成的远端构件，其一端形成为圆锥形。 圆柱形部件的另一端与外径小于圆柱形部件的外径的内圆柱形部分一体地形成一个与圆柱形部件的壁厚对应的量。 电极棒还具有多个环形电极和多个间隔件，每个间隔件的内径对应于内筒部的外径。 在内圆柱形部分的壁表面上设置有电缆引入开口。 环形电极以间隔物确定的间隔一个接一个地安装在内圆筒部分的外周上，电缆通过电缆引入开口被引导到环形电极。

公开(公告)号：US5809826A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-22

申请号：US688160

申请日：1996-07-29

Applicant: Hugh M. Baker, Jr.

Inventor： Hugh M. Baker, Jr.

IPC: G01N27/04 ,  G01N5/02 ,  G01N25/56

CPC classification number: G01N27/048

Abstract: A condensation sensor according to the invention detects condensation at a level of concern on a surface of interest. It has a thermally passive test surface that emulates the condensation-forming characteristics of the surface of interest, and has thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, and surface heat density sufficiently high that a detectable quantity of condensation forms on the test surface no later than formation of condensation at the level of concern on the surface of interest; and a sensor at the test surface that provides a signal in response to the presence of a detectable quantity of condensation on the test surface. The sensor may comprise two electrodes separated by an effective gap, the presence of a droplet of condensation at the gap closing a circuit between the two electrodes, and may further comprise a gathering mechanism for bringing droplets condensing on the test surface to the effective gap. A method according to the invention includes (a) providing a test surface, (b) emulating the condensation-forming characteristics of the surface of interest with the test surface, (c) passively thermally focussing the test surface so that the thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, and surface heat density are sufficiently high that a detectable quantity of condensation forms on the test surface no later than formation of condensation at the level of concern on the surface of interest; and (d) detecting the presence of a detectable quantity of condensation on the test surface as a signal in a detection circuit.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明的冷凝传感器在感兴趣的表面上关注的水平检测冷凝。 它具有热被动测试表面，其模拟感兴趣的表面的冷凝形成特性，并且具有足够高的导热性，热容量和表面热密度，使得在试验表面上形成可检测量的冷凝物不迟于形成 在关注的表面上的冷凝水平; 以及在测试表面处的传感器，其响应于在测试表面上存在可检测量的冷凝而提供信号。 传感器可以包括由有效间隙隔开的两个电极，在间隙闭合两个电极之间的电路处存在冷凝液滴，并且还可以包括用于使液滴在测试表面上凝结到有效间隙的聚集机构。 根据本发明的方法包括（a）提供测试表面，（b）用测试表面模拟感兴趣表面的缩合形成特性，（c）被动地热聚焦测试表面，使得热导率，热 容量和表面热密度足够高，使得在试验表面上形成可检测量的冷凝物，不得晚于目标表面上所关注水平的凝结形成; 和（d）在检测电路中检测在测试表面上存在可检测量的凝结作为信号。

公开(公告)号：US5783743A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-21

申请号：US671136

申请日：1996-06-27

Applicant: Klaus Weber

Inventor： Klaus Weber

IPC: B60S1/08 ,  G01N27/04 ,  H01G5/20 ,  G01N27/12 ,  G01R27/26 ,  H02P1/04

CPC classification number: G01N27/048 ,  B60S1/0822 ,  B60S1/0851 ,  B60S1/0892 ,  Y10T29/49082 ,  Y10T29/49099 ,  Y10T29/49163

Abstract: A sensor for detecting moisture on a non-conductive support, in particular a windshield of a motor vehicle, has one or more metallic, electrically conductive layers which are arranged in a given pattern on the outer surface of the support. The metallic, electrically conductive layer is produced from a metallic resinate which is applied to the support and then burned-in by the action of heat. Also deseribed is a method for constructing such a moisture sensor whit applies a glass layer in the form of a glass frit paste to be sintered upon the metallic electrically conductive layer, where the burning-in of the metallic resinate and the sintering of the glass frit paste are effected in single step.

Abstract translation: 用于检测不导电支撑件，特别是机动车辆的挡风玻璃上的水分的传感器具有一个或多个以给定图案布置在支撑件的外表面上的金属导电层。 金属导电层由金属树脂酸盐制成，其被施加到载体上，然后通过热作用燃烧。 还有一种构造这种湿度传感器的方法，将玻璃层以玻璃料的形式施加到金属导电层上进行烧结，其中金属树脂酸盐的燃烧和玻璃料的烧结 糊状物在单步进行。

公开(公告)号：US5780718A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-14

申请号：US650095

申请日：1996-05-17

Applicant: Klaus Weber

Inventor： Klaus Weber

IPC: B60S1/08 ,  C03C17/00 ,  C03C17/04 ,  C03C17/34 ,  G01N27/04 ,  H01G5/20 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G08B21/00

CPC classification number: B60S1/0851 ,  B60S1/0822 ,  C03C17/006 ,  C03C17/04 ,  C03C17/3411 ,  G01N27/048 ,  B60S1/0892 ,  C03C2217/40 ,  C03C2217/452 ,  C03C2217/479 ,  Y10T29/49082 ,  Y10T29/4913 ,  Y10T29/49163

Abstract: A rain sensor for the windshield of a vehicle has one or more electrically conductive layers which are arranged in a given pattern upon the outer surface of such windshield, and is constructed as a laminate of conductive and resistive layers formed by process steps of printing and sintering for construction of electrodes of the sensor. A conductive layer is formed of a mixture of electrically conductive particles and a glass frit which melts at a lower temperature than a melting temperature of the material of the window which serves as a support for the sensor. The conductive paste is applied with a heating action step, in the configuration of an electrode structure, by sintering to the window.

Abstract translation: 用于车辆挡风玻璃的雨传感器具有一个或多个导电层，其以给定的图案布置在这种挡风玻璃的外表面上，并且被构造为通过印刷和烧结的工艺步骤形成的导电层和电阻层的层压体 用于构造传感器的电极。 导电层由导电颗粒和玻璃料的混合物形成，玻璃料在比用作传感器支撑体的窗口的材料的熔化温度低的温度下熔化。 通过烧结到窗口，在电极结构的构造中，通过加热作用步骤施加导电糊。

公开(公告)号：US5606264A

公开(公告)日：1997-02-25

申请号：US426044

申请日：1995-04-21

Applicant: James J. Licari ,  Aram Tanielian

Inventor： James J. Licari ,  Aram Tanielian

IPC: G01N27/04 ,  G01R31/28 ,  H01C13/00

CPC classification number: G01R31/2884 ,  G01N27/048

Abstract: Seepage of water and other impurities into hermetically sealed on plastic encapsulated modules leads to eventual device failure, as conductor material corrodes and opens, or electromigrates to establish conductive trails across a substrate, shorting the conductors. To forewarn of such failure, a sensing device defined as a separate chip is packaged in the same module with the circuit to be checked, with pinouts that can be tested with a circuit that is usually external. The sensor makes use of the moisture-induced migratory behavior that causes the problem, using a highly migratory metal or alloy to define paired electrodes spaced as closely as 2 micrometers apart. The metal of the electrodes undergoes rapid ionization and migration in the presence of trace amounts of moisture, dissolved ionic contaminants, and a small potential difference across the electrodes. Two volts applied to the sensor conductors by the sensor circuit will output a voltage if even a minute current is flowing between the electrodes permitting "go/no-go" decisions to be made regarding use of the module. The moisture which actuates the sensor, triggers the circuit long before the level of seepage and electromigratic represents present danger of circuit failure, and long before other types of sensors would indicate the existence of a problem.

Abstract translation: 水和其他杂质渗入密封在塑料封装的模块上导致最终的器件故障，因为导体材料腐蚀和打开，或电位迁移以在基板上建立导电迹线，使导体短路。 为了预警这种故障，定义为单独芯片的感测装置与要检查的电路封装在相同的模块中，可以使用通常是外部电路的引脚排列进行测试。 传感器利用导致问题的水分诱导的迁移行为，使用高度迁移的金属或合金来定义间隔为2微米的配对电极。 电极的金属在痕量的水分，溶解的离子污染物和电极两端的电位差很小的情况下经历快速电离和迁移。 传感器电路施加到传感器导体上的两个电压将在电极之间甚至一分钟的电流流动时输出电压，从而允许对模块的使用做出“去/不去”决定。 启动传感器的水分在渗漏和电位水平表现出电路故障的危险之前很长时间才能触发电路，并且很久以前，其他类型的传感器将表明存在问题。

公开(公告)号：US5533391A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-09

申请号：US362477

申请日：1994-12-30

Applicant: Claus B. Brade ,  Niels Bartholin

Inventor： Claus B. Brade ,  Niels Bartholin

IPC: B60S1/08 ,  E05F15/71 ,  G01N27/04 ,  G01N27/22 ,  G01W1/14 ,  E05F15/20

CPC classification number: G01W1/14 ,  E05F15/71 ,  G01N27/048 ,  E05Y2900/154 ,  Y10T29/49007 ,  Y10T29/4916

Abstract: An electrical rain sensor to be mounted on the outside of a main frame of an openable window, particularly a skylight, comprising a sensing element with two electrodes mounted opposite one another in an insulating holder, the distance between the electrodes being less than the size of a raindrop. To the electrodes an electric circuit is connected which by detection of a change in an electrical quantity caused by the presence of raindrops, activates a maneuvering device which closes the window. The holder (8) is produced by molding of an electrically insulating thermoplastic, wherein the supply lines to the electrodes (15, 16) as well as a heating element for the drying of the sensor are produced as inserts in the holder by molding of an electrically conductive thermoplastic polymer into excavated recesses and/or grooves in the holder (8). The electrodes can be designed as coatings of a weather resistant conducting material, particularly material containing graphite, the conducting material being applied to most of the surface of the sensor.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / DK93 / 00222 Sec。 371日期1994年12月30日第 102（e）日期1994年12月30日PCT提交1993年7月9日PCT公布。 出版物WO94 / 01649 日期：1994年1月20日。一种要安装在可打开的窗户，特别是天窗的主框架的外侧的电雨传感器，包括具有两个电极的传感元件，两个电极在绝缘保持器中彼此相对安装， 电极小于雨滴的大小。 通过检测由雨滴的存在引起的电量变化，连接电路，激活关闭窗口的操纵装置。 保持器（8）通过模制电绝缘热塑性塑料制成，其中电极（15,16）的供应线以及用于干燥传感器的加热元件通过模制 导电的热塑性聚合物转化为保持器（8）中的挖掘凹槽和/或凹槽。 电极可以被设计为耐候性导电材料的涂层，特别是含有石墨的材料，导电材料被施加到传感器的大部分表面。

公开(公告)号：US5367265A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-22

申请号：US045155

申请日：1993-04-12

Applicant: Marvin F. Gaudette

Inventor： Marvin F. Gaudette

IPC: D06F58/28 ,  G01N27/04 ,  G08B13/18

CPC classification number: G01N27/045 ,  D06F58/28 ,  G01N27/048 ,  D06F2058/2838

Abstract: A moisture-sensing circuit for a clothes dryer separates the moisture-sensing and timing functions in a way that minimizes undesirable interaction and reduces effects of tolerances in components, temperature, and supply-voltage. Separate comparators are provided for (1) the resistance of the moisture sensor as compared with a first threshold and (2) the time since occurrence of the most recent moisture signal that exceeded the first threshold, as compared with a second threshold representing a predetermined delay.

Abstract translation: 用于干衣机的湿度感测电路以最小化不期望的相互作用并减少部件，温度和电源电压中的公差的影响的方式分离湿度感测和定时功能。 提供单独的比较器，用于（1）与第一阈值相比湿度传感器的电阻和（2）与出现超过第一阈值的最近水分信号之后的时间相比，与表示预定延迟的第二阈值相比较 。