摘要:
A system for injecting from an injector into a duct of an engine system is provided. The system may include a first flange on a duct connection side, a second flange on an injector connection side, a stand-off separating the first flange from the second flange to form an air gap therebetween, and a seal offset from at least one of the first and the second flanges and located within the airgap and between the first flange and the second flange.
摘要:
A method of operating an internal combustion engine having a reductant delivery and storage system in an emission control system, comprising of correlating a change in a monitored operating condition with a refill event to determine whether a reductant-diluting substance has been added to the reductant storage system; and limiting vehicle operation based on the correlation.
摘要:
A system comprises a fuel system for delivering fuel to an engine for combustion and a reductant storage system for delivering reductant to the exhaust stream for an SCR catalyst for NOx reduction. The fuel system further comprises a water separator for separating water-based fluid from fuel in the fuel tank, and a separation reservoir to collect the separated water-based fluid. Based on readings of a water-in-fuel sensor positioned within the reservoir, a type of degradation (e.g., water build-up, high-water-content fuel, mis-filling of the reductant, etc.) may be determined and indicated.
摘要:
Food products for the dietary management of a diet-responsive disease or condition, a method of dietary management of a diet-responsive disease or condition, and a system for providing such food products are disclosed. In one embodiment, the system involves (a) providing the name of at least one medical professional or medical professional's office or practice for consultation by participants and, if applicable, for writing orders for food products for participants; (b) providing controlled access to a supply of food products; and (c) providing the food products to the participants. The food products can be supplied in any suitable manner. Suitable manners of providing a supply of food products include, but are not limited to providing the food products at retail outlets, such as stores that have pharmacies, and drug stores, or through a website.
摘要:
A system for injecting from an injector into a duct of an engine system is provided. The system may include a first flange on a duct connection side, a second flange on an injector connection side, a stand-off separating the first flange from the second flange to form an air gap therebetween, and a seal offset from at least one of the first and the second flanges and located within the airgap and between the first flange and the second flange.
摘要:
Disclosed are catalysts comprising copper chromite, palladium and lanthanum having hydrogenation activity. The combination of copper chromite with palladium and lanthanum enhances catalyst activity more than the presence of either palladium alone or palladium in combination with alkali or alkaline earth metals. The catalysts are useful for the preparation of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen and for the hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds such as, for example, aldehydes, ketones, and esters, to their corresponding alcohols. The catalysts may be used for the preparation of cyclohexanedimethanols from dialkyl cyclohexanedicarboxylates or of ethylene glycol from alkyl glycolates.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method of recovering and purifying 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (epoxybutene) from an epoxidation effluent gas obtained by the vapor phase, catalytic, partial oxidation of 1,3-butadiene (butadiene) with molecular oxygen in the presence of a silver catalyst wherein the epoxybutene-laden epoxidation product gas is reacted with a water-miscible solvent to absorb the epoxybutene. The disclosed process includes a method of separating epoxybutene from the solvent and other reaction by-products by a novel combination of distillation and decantation steps.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is an improved gas phase process for the selective epoxidation of non-allylic olefins wherein the epoxidation is carried out in the presence of one or more volatile, nitrogen-containing, basic compounds. The presence of a nitrogen-containing basic compound in the olefin-containing reaction gas or vapor suppresses the formation of an organic resinous material which coats the catalyst, thereby decreasing catalyst activity and life and also increases substantially the activity of the epoxidation catalyst. The disclosed process is particularly useful for the continuous manufacture of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene from 1,3-butadiene.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to a process for the selective epoxidation of non-allylic olefins. The process includes the step of contacting a gas mixture comprising a non-allylic olefin, oxygen, and a fluorinated hydrocarbon with a silver epoxidation catalyst at conditions effective to epoxidize the non-allylic olefin. The fluorinated hydrocarbon has a C--F bond dissociation energy of 110 kcal/mole or greater, and sufficiently non-acidic C--H bonds, if present, so as to avoid abstraction of HF from the fluorinated hydrocarbon under reaction conditions.
摘要:
This invention relates to a process for removing sterols and phosphorous compounds from naturally occurring lipid mixtures. The process involves hydrolyzing a naturally occurring lipid mixture containing phospholipids, triglycerides, and sterols to form a two-phase product containing a fatty acid phase comprised of free fatty acids and sterols, and an aqueous phase comprised of water, glycerol, and glycerol phosphoric acid esters. The aqueous phase is separated from the fatty acid phase and the crude fatty acid phase is heated to convert the free sterols to fatty acid sterol esters. The free fatty acids are distilled from the fatty acid sterol esters to yield purified fatty acids which are free of cholesterol and other sterols, and phosphorous compounds.