摘要:
The solution of a constrained optimization problem is easily solved by linearly approximating a point of interest to a first hypersurface given as a constraint and finding the extreme value of the objective function by moving a point r along a curved line having second-order osculation with the geodetic line of a hypersurface S(r)=c and passing through the point r.
摘要:
A liquid ejection head includes a liquid path; an ejection outlet forming member which constitutes a part of a wall of the liquid and which forms an ejection outlet for ejecting a droplet of liquid; a heat generating element, provided at a position opposing to the ejection outlet of the wall of the liquid flow path, for generating a bubble in the liquid by application of heat to the liquid; a restrictor portion, provided at a recessed portion of the ejection outlet, wherein the recessed portion is recessed from a plane in which the ejection outlet is formed, wherein the liquid forms a meniscus and is retained in the ejection outlet such that the restrictor portion is within the liquid, wherein an area So of an opening of the restrictor portion and a surface Sh of the heat generating element satisfy So≦Sh. According to this invention, a central portion of the meniscus opposed to the fine opening at the ejection outlet bulges, and the liquid is ejected in this state. Namely, very small amount of the liquid can be ejected, since not all of the liquid in the recess portion in the ejection outlet is ejected.
摘要:
In the method for fabricating a semiconductor device of the present invention, a collector layer of a first conductivity type is formed in a region of a semiconductor substrate sandwiched by device isolation. A collector opening is formed through a first insulating layer deposited on the semiconductor substrate so that the range of the collector opening covers the collector layer and part of the device isolation. A semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type as an external base is formed on a portion of the semiconductor substrate located inside the collector opening, while junction leak prevention layers of the same conductivity type as the external base are formed in the semiconductor substrate. Thus, the active region is narrower than the collector opening reducing the transistor area, while minimizing junction leak.
摘要:
An electron-beam generating device, in which a number of cold cathode elements are matrix-wired, as well as a method of driving the device, is applied to an image forming apparatus. Statistical calculations are performed in advance with regard to a required electron-beam output, and loss produced in the matrix wiring is analyzed. Drive signals are corrected by deciding optimum correction values based upon the analytical results. As a result, when rows of the matrix are driven successively row by row, the intensity of the outputted electron beams can made accurate for any driving pattern.
摘要:
In a driving method of an ink-jet recording head, heat is generated by applying a drive signal to a heating element, and this heat is applied to ink to generate a bubble and discharge the ink through a discharge outlet. The drive signal comprises a first drive signal for storing foaming energy in the ink, and a second drive signal for generating a bubble in the ink. The second drive signal has a signal time shorter than the boundary foaming time at which foaming energy decreases in a case of performing foaming only by the second drive signal. The first drive signal is applied prior to the second drive signal in order to compensate for a decrease in foaming energy.
摘要:
In a jet recording method, a recording material is placed in a path defined by a nozzle leading to an ejection outlet, and then heated by actuating a heater disposed within the nozzle to generate a bubble within the recording material, thus ejecting a droplet of the recording material out of the ejection outlet under the action of the bubble to be attached onto recording paper. As improvement, the recording material is pre-heated by actuating the heater before the heating for generating the bubble, and the generated bubble is caused to communicate with ambience. As a result, the ejection of the recording material droplet is stabilized without causing splash or mist.
摘要:
An array of non-volatile memory cells arranged in rows and columns is provided. Each memory cell is composed of a transistor made up of a gate, a source, and drain and a capacitance section. Each memory cell is connected to a row decoder through a wordline, to a column decoder through a bitline, and to a source decoder through a sourceline. Arranged in a path extending from a bitline to a sourceline through a transistor is an anisotropic resistance section, e.g., a diode, exhibiting different voltage-current characteristics for different levels of voltages applied thereacross. Because of such arrangement, leakage current occurring to a deselected memory cell in a reading operation can be reduced or can be eliminated. Read errors due to leakage current can be avoided and the power consumption can be reduced.
摘要:
An array of non-volatile memory cells arranged in rows and columns is provided. Each memory cell is composed of a transistor made up of a gate, a source, and drain and a capacitance section. Each memory cell is connected to a row decoder through a wordline, to a column decoder through a bitline, and to a source decoder through a sourceline. Arranged in a path extending from a bitline to a sourceline through a transistor is an anisotropic resistance section, e.g., a diode, exhibiting different voltage-current characteristics for different levels of voltages applied thereacross. Because of such arrangement, leakage current occurring to a deselected memory cell in a reading operation can be reduced or can be eliminated. Read errors due to leakage current can be avoided and the power consumption can be reduced.
摘要:
A surface region of a P-type semiconductor substrate is defined by an isolation into plural active regions at which a semiconductor element is to be formed. A first diffusion region such as a drain region, a second diffusion region such as a source region, and a wiring member such as a word line are arranged at each active region. The surface of the word line is covered with a first insulating layer. A second insulating layer is provided, in which a region including in common each overhead region on at least two second diffusion regions is removed, leaving an overhead region on the first diffusion region. Provided above the second diffusion region is a conductive member such as a capacity storage electrode, a bit line. A contact member which connects the conductive member and the second diffusion region is formed at a region where the second insulating layer is removed. With the second insulating layer of such configuration, an increase in connection resistance and a connection defect of the capacity storage electrode contact or the bit line contact are prevented.