摘要:
A mixed positive electrode active material is used. The mixed positive electrode active material is obtained by mixing a layered oxide whose initial charge-discharge efficiency when lithium metal is used for a counter electrode is less than 100% (hereinafter referred to as a first layered oxide) and a layered oxide whose initial charge-discharge efficiency is 100% or more (hereinafter referred to as a second layered oxide). Examples of the first layered oxide include Li1+aMnxCoyNizO2. A sodium oxide such as LiANaBMnXCoYNiZO2 other than a layered compound from which lithium is previously extracted by acid treatment or the like can be used as the second layered oxide whose initial charge-discharge efficiency is 100% or more. A layered oxide obtained by replacing (ion exchange) sodium in the foregoing LiANaBMnXCoYNiZO2 with lithium can be also used as the second layered oxide.
摘要:
An object is to estimate the degree of deterioration of an NOx catalyst with improved accuracy in an exhaust gas purification system having the NOx catalyst provided in an exhaust passage. According to the present invention, an NOx sensor is provided downstream of an NOx catalyst, and the difference between an estimated value of the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage upstream of the NOx catalyst and a detection value of the NOx sensor at a time when NOx in the exhaust gas is not removed in the NOx catalyst is calculated. In addition, in estimating the degree of deterioration of the NOx catalyst, the estimated value of the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage upstream of the NOx catalyst is corrected based on this difference, and the degree of deterioration of the NOx catalyst is estimated based on the difference between this corrected value and the detection value of the NOx sensor.
摘要:
An object of the invention is to diagnose a failure of an addition valve provided in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. To achieve the object, post injection through a fuel injection valve of the internal combustion engine and reducing agent addition through the reducing agent addition valve are performed at different timings, the quantity of fuel injected through the fuel injection valve when the post injection is performed and the quantity of reducing agent added through the reducing agent addition valve when the reducing agent addition is performed are estimated based on a same parameter, and it is diagnosed that the reducing agent addition valve has a failure on condition that the difference between the estimated fuel quantity and the estimated reducing agent quantity exceeds a predetermined quantity.
摘要:
A positive electrode active material including lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and a transition metal that can be in the hexavalent state is used. As the transition metal that can be in the hexavalent state, for example, one or both of tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) can be used. As the positive electrode active material including a plurality of materials as mentioned above, LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 can be used. As a negative electrode, a carbon material or a silicon material capable of storing and releasing lithium ions can be used.
摘要:
A positive electrode active material is made of sodium containing oxide. The sodium containing oxide contains NaALiBMO2±α that belongs to a space group P63/mmc of a hexagonal system, where the M includes at least one of manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co). In the NaALiBMO2±α, the composition ratio A of sodium (Na) is not less than 0.5 and not more than 1.1, the composition ratio B of lithium (Li) is larger than 0 and not more than 0.3, and the α is not less than 0 and not more than 0.3.
摘要:
A hot-rolling line, a method for photographing the entire width of a hot-rolled metal strip, a method for recording the photographic result of the entire width, a method for appropriately performing quality assurance, and a method for producing a hot-rolled metal strip using them, provide proper quality assurance for delivering a product to a customer. A hot-rolling line includes a near-infrared camera arranged to photograph an entire width of a hot-rolled metal strip on an entry side of a coiler of the hot-rolling line.
摘要:
A total amount of NOX that flows into an NOX catalyst between the time that air-fuel ratio control ends and the time that the air-fuel ratio control starts the next time, is obtained. A total stored amount, which is the sum of an oxygen stored amount and an stored amount in the NOX catalyst before the air-fuel ratio control started, is calculated based on the amount of reducing agent that has flowed into the NOX catalyst during the air-fuel ratio control. The oxygen stored amount is calculated by extrapolating a relationship between the total amount of NOX and the total stored amount. The relationship is established beforehand by executing the air-fuel ratio control with at least two levels.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to provide a technology that enables to detect a fault of a PM trapper with improved accuracy. According to the present invention, a plurality of temperature sensors 10 are provided in an exhaust passage 9 just downstream of a PM trapper 17 in such a way that their temperature detection elements are positioned on a plane that is perpendicular to an imaginary center axis of the exhaust passage 9. A change in the radial direction temperature distribution of the exhaust gas flowing out of the PM trapper 17 upon occurrence of a fault in the PM trapper 17 is detected from measurement values of the temperature sensors 10, and a fault of the PM trapper 17 is detected based on this radial direction temperature distribution. Since the measurement values of the temperature sensors 10 are unlikely to be affected by the amount of PM deposited on the PM trapper 17, detection of a fault of the PM trapper 17 can be achieved with improved accuracy.
摘要:
Li2-xAxMO3 obtained by replacing lithium in Li2MO3 having a layered structure by an alkali metal having ion radius larger than that of lithium is used as a positive electrode active material. In this Li2-xAxMO3, x satisfies the relation 0
摘要翻译:使用通过用离子半径大于锂的碱金属替代具有层状结构的Li 2 MO 3中的锂而获得的Li 2-x A x M O 3用作正极活性材料。 在该Li2-xAxMO3中,x满足0
摘要:
A method and a device for signal separation. First, values of signals observed by M sensors are transformed into frequency domain values, and these frequency domain values are used to calculate relative values of the observed values between the sensors at each frequency. These relative values are clustered into N clusters, and the representative value of each cluster is calculated. Then, using these representative values, a mask is produced to extract the values of the signals emitted by V (1≦V≦M) signal sources from the frequency-domain signal values, and this mask is applied to the frequency-domain signal values. After that, if V=1 then the limited signal is output directly as a separated signal, while if V≧2 then the separated values are obtained by separating this limited signal with separation techniques such as ICA.