摘要:
The present invention is an optically enhanced solar cell having a detached reflector. The optically enhanced solar cell includes a semiconductor material bounded on each side by transparent electrical contacts and an optional antireflection coating with the surface of at least one of these layers being textured. Light is reflected in the cell by a reflector which is detached (i.e., spaced) from the enhanced cell using a layer of dielectric material.
摘要:
Hollow shell laser fusion targets, such as glass microballoons, are filled with gases of the type which do not permeate through the wall of the balloon. A hole is laser-drilled in the balloon, a plug is placed over the hole and gas is introduced into the balloon through the loosely plugged hole. Thereafter the plug is melted to form a seal over the hole, entrapping the gas within the target. The plug is, for example, a polymer such as highly crystalline polystyrene, or glass.
摘要:
In order to assay the tritium fuel content in laser fusion targets and/or to measure the pressurization of laser fusion targets of the type which use deuterium and tritium (DT) gas mixtures, without destroying the targets, the flux of beta particles which emerges from the target is measured with the aid of a gas flow proportional counter. The count rates are related to the tritium content and the pressurization. The tritium content in terms of the mass of the tritium in the target can be derived from the counting rate.
摘要:
The present disclosure provides a method for separating a feed stream in a distillation tower which includes separating a feed stream in a stripper section into an enriched contaminant bottom liquid stream and a freezing zone vapor stream; contacting the freezing zone vapor stream in the controlled freeze zone section with a freezing zone liquid stream at a temperature and pressure at which a solid and a hydrocarbon-enriched vapor stream form; directly applying heat to a controlled freeze zone wall of the controlled freeze zone section with a heating mechanism coupled to at least one of a controlled freeze zone internal surface of the controlled freeze zone wall and a controlled freeze zone external surface of the controlled freeze zone wall; and at least one of destabilizing and preventing adhesion of the solid to the controlled freeze zone wall with the heating mechanism.
摘要:
Adsorbent materials comprising a core, for example CHA, and at least one coating, for example DDR, are provided herein. Adsorbent contactors and gas separation processes using the adsorbent materials are also provided herein.
摘要:
Methods are provided for removing CO2 and/or H2S from a gas phase stream, such as a refinery flue gas stream, a coal-fired or petroleum-burning power plant, or a natural gas stream. A gas phase stream containing CO2 and/or H2S can be contacted under effective conditions with an aqueous slurry of supported amine particles. The CO2 and/or H2S can react with the supported amines to form bicarbonates, carbonates, carbamates, sulfide salts, or other species. Because the amine is part of, bonded to, or otherwise supported on a particulate substrate, the reaction product from the amine reaction can also remain bound to the particle. After reacting supported amines with CO2 and/or H2S captured from a gas stream, the supported amines particles can be separated from the aqueous slurry environment for regeneration of the supported amine and release of the CO2 and/or H2S.
摘要:
The present application is directed to a method and system for preparing gaseous utility streams from gaseous process streams, nitrogen process streams, and other types of streams. The methods and systems may include at least one swing adsorption process including pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, and rapid-cycle adsorption processes to treat gaseous streams for use in dry gas seals of rotating equipment such as compressors, turbines and pumps and for other utilities. The systems and processes of the present disclosure are further applicable to high pressure gaseous streams, for example, up to about 600 bar.
摘要:
A process for reducing the loss of valuable products by improving the overall recovery of a contaminant gas component in swing adsorption processes. The present invention utilizes at least two adsorption beds, in series, with separately controlled cycles to control the adsorption front and optionally to maximize the overall capacity of a swing adsorption process and to improve overall recovery a contaminant gas component from a feed gas mixture.
摘要:
Methods are provided for removing CO2 and/or H2S from a gas phase stream, such as a refinery flue gas stream, a coal-fired or petroleum-burning power plant, or a natural gas stream. A gas phase stream containing CO2 and/or H2S can be contacted under effective conditions with an aqueous slurry of supported amine particles. The CO2 and/or H2S can react with the supported amines to form bicarbonates, carbonates, carbamates, sulfide salts, or other species. Because the amine is part of, bonded to, or otherwise supported on a particulate substrate, the reaction product from the amine reaction can also remain bound to the particle. After reacting supported amines with CO2 and/or H2S captured from a gas stream, the supported amines particles can be separated from the aqueous slurry environment for regeneration of the supported amine and release of the CO2 and/or H2S.
摘要:
Systems and methods for hydrotreating a liquid fraction of a shale oil stream using hydrogen gas that is concentrated from a gaseous fraction of the shale oil stream. The systems and methods include providing a portion of the gaseous fraction to a sorptive separation assembly and separating a concentrated hydrogen stream from the portion of the gaseous fraction within the sorptive separation assembly. The system and methods further include providing the concentrated hydrogen stream and the liquid fraction to a hydrotreater and reacting the concentrated hydrogen stream with the liquid fraction within the hydrotreater to produce the hydrotreated liquid stream. The systems and methods may include generating the shale oil stream within a subterranean formation using an in situ process, such as an in situ shale oil conversion process and/or providing a supplemental hydrogen stream to the hydrotreater.