摘要:
A radiofrequency signal is converted to an intermediate frequency signal by a tuner, which is amplified by a variable gain amplifier. The so-amplified signal is converted into a digital signal by an ADC, which is supplied to an FFT, where it is separated into signals set every carrier, followed by being supplied to equalizers different in characteristic. The digital signal outputted from the ADC is further supplied to a level converting circuit from which a control signal is generated. The control signal is supplied to a DAC and a Doppler frequency detector. The DAC generates a gain control signal and supplies the same to the variable gain amplifier. The Doppler frequency detector outputs a frequency component of the control signal as a Doppler detection signal. The Doppler detection signal is compared with a threshold value by a comparator. A selector selects one of signals outputted from the equalizers, in accordance with a select signal indicative of the result of comparison.
摘要:
According to aspects of the present invention, an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer comprising a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a compound having at least one polymerizable functional group. Aspects of the present invention provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member whose surface layer comprises a compound (urea derivative) having a certain structure, a method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
摘要:
A method of drying an organic pigment is provided which includes an under-depressurization microwave drying step of irradiating the organic pigment with microwaves under depressurization and drying the organic pigment. A method of processing a phthalocyanine pigment and a method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member are also provided each of which utilizes the drying method.
摘要:
A method for forming an inverted pattern includes forming a photoresist pattern on a substrate, filling a space formed by the photoresist pattern with a resin composition including a polysiloxane and a solvent, and removing the photoresist pattern to form an inverted pattern. The resin composition includes (A) a polysiloxane obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of two types of hydrolysable silane compounds having a specific structure, and (B) an organic solvent containing an alcohol or ether having a specific structure.
摘要:
A composition for a resist underlayer film is provided. The composition has excellent storage stability and can form a resist underlayer film which has excellent adhesion to a resist film, can improve reproducibility of a resist pattern and is resistant to an alkaline liquid used in development and to oxygen asking during the removal of a resist. The composition comprises a hydrolyzate and/or a condensate of a silane compound of the following formula (A), R1bR2cSi (OR3)4-a (A) wherein R1 is a monovalent organic group having at least one unsaturated bond, R2 individually represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group, R3 individually represents a monovalent organic group, R1 is a group other than OR3, a is an integer of 1 to 3, b is an integer of 1 to 3, and c is an integer of 0 to 2, provided that a=b+c.
摘要翻译:提供了抗蚀剂下层膜用组合物。 该组合物具有优异的储存稳定性,并且可以形成对抗蚀剂膜具有优异粘合性的抗蚀剂下层膜,可以提高抗蚀剂图案的再现性,并且耐显影用碱性液体和除去抗蚀剂期间的氧气需求。 该组合物包含下式(A)的硅烷化合物的水解产物和/或缩合物,其中R1是具有至少一个不饱和键的一价有机基团的R 1 b R 2 c Si(OR 3)4-a(A),R 2各自表示 氢原子,卤原子或一价有机基团,R 3分别表示一价有机基团,R 1为除OR 3以外的基团,a为1〜3的整数,b为1〜3的整数,c为 0〜2的整数,条件是a = b + c。
摘要:
A composition for a resist underlayer film is provided. The composition has excellent storage stability and can form a resist underlayer film which has excellent adhesion to a resist film, can improve reproducibility of a resist pattern and is resistant to an alkaline liquid used in development and to oxygen ashing during the removal of a resist. The composition comprises a hydrolyzate and/or a condensate of a silane compound of the following formula (A), R1bR2cSi(OR3)4-a (A) wherein R1 is a monovalent organic group having at least one unsaturated bond, R2 individually represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group, R3 individually represents a monovalent organic group, R1 is a group other than OR3, a is an integer of 1 to 3, b is an integer of 1 to 3, and c is an integer of 0 to 2, provided that a=b+c.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of outputting an image in which a defect such as a ghost is suppressed even in a high-temperature-and-high-humidity environment, and in which a defect such as a change in density due to an abrupt change in light-area potential at an initial stage or a ghost due to long-term durable use is suppressed even in a low-humidity environment; and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member; are provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a layer which comprises a compound having a specific structure between a support and a charge-generating layer.
摘要:
A novel, optically active alkenylphosphinic acid ester having chirality on a phosphorus atom; and a simple process for producing the ester. An optically active, hydrogen phosphinic acid ester is reacted with an acetylene compound in the presence of a catalyst containing a metal of group 9 or 10 of the periodic table to thereby obtain a novel, optically active alkenylphosphinic acid ester which has chirality on a phosphorus atom and is represented by the following general formula [1] and/or [2]. R1{CH═CR2[P(O)(OR3)Ar]}n [1] R1{C[P(O)(OR3)Ar]═CHR2}n [2]
摘要:
A PID parameter adjustment device includes: a model storage section (1) for storing an equation model to be controlled; a PID controller storage section (2) for storing a control algorithm; a constraint condition storage section (3) for storing a constraint condition for the operation; a simulation operation section (5) for executing simulation of a control system according to the constraint condition; an ideal control result storage section (6) for storing an ideal control response characteristic; an evaluation function operation section (7) for calculating the evaluation function value indicating the closeness between the simulation result and the ideal control response characteristic; and a PID parameter search operation section (8) for executing simulation while modifying the PID parameter and searching a PID parameter at which the evaluation function value is optimal.
摘要:
A novel polysiloxane suitable as a resin component of a chemically-amplified resist exhibiting particularly excellent I-D bias, depth of focus (DOF), and the like, a novel silane compound useful as a raw material for synthesizing the polysiloxane, and a radiation-sensitive resin composition comprising the polysiloxane are provided.The silane compound is shown by the following formula (I), and the polysiloxane has a structural unit shown by the following formula (1), wherein R is an alkyl group, R1 and R2 individually represent a fluorine atom, lower alkyl group, or lower fluoroalkyl group, n is 0 or 1, k is 1 or 2, and i is an integer of 0 to 10.The radiation-sensitive resin composition comprises the polysiloxane and a photoacid generator.