公开(公告)号：US06462324B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-08

申请号：US09456581

申请日：1999-12-08

Applicant: Joseph Warren Wright ,  Anita Sreepadraj Venkatarao ,  Sanders Carl McComsey

Inventor： Joseph Warren Wright ,  Anita Sreepadraj Venkatarao ,  Sanders Carl McComsey

IPC: H01J4306

CPC classification number: H01J43/06

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube includes a photocathode and a primary dynode having input and output apertures. A field isolating mesh is positioned at the input aperture of the primary dynode to facilitate the collection of electrons from the photocathode of the photomultiplier to the primary dynode while simultaneously electrostatically shielding secondary emission electrons from the field of the photocathode. The field isolating mesh has a central opening that is dimensioned to maximize the throughput of photoelectrons from the photocathode to the primary dynode while providing effective field isolation in the vicinity of the primary dynode. The central opening in the field isolation mesh provides the further advantage of permitting uniform deposition of photo-emissive materials on the surface of the dynode during manufacture. In an alternative embodiment, the field isolating mesh of the primary dynode is formed in two segments. The first segment is disposed in the input aperture of the primary dynode and the second segment is disposed in offset, spaced parallel relation to the first segment. The photomultiplier according to the disclosed invention provides a significant improvement in electron collection efficiency, pulse height resolution, and magnetic sensitivity compared to known photomultiplier tubes of otherwise similar construction.

Abstract translation: 光电倍增管包括光电阴极和具有输入和输出孔的主要倍增管。 场隔离网位于主倍增极的输入孔处，以便于将电子从光电倍增管的光电阴极收集到主倍增极，同时同时静电地屏蔽来自光电阴极的二次发射电子。 场隔离网具有中心开口，其尺寸被设计成使得光电子从光电阴极到主倍增极的吞吐量最大化，同时在主倍增极附近提供有效的场隔离。 场隔离网中的中心开口提供了在制造期间允许光发射材料在倍增极表面上均匀沉积的进一步优点。 在替代实施例中，主要倍增电极的场隔离网形成为两个段。 第一段设置在主倍增电极的输入孔中，第二段设置成与第一段偏移，间隔的平行关系。 根据所公开的发明的光电倍增器与其他类似结构的已知光电倍增管相比，提供了电子收集效率，脉冲高度分辨率和磁敏感性的显着改进。

公开(公告)号：US06346775B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-12

申请号：US09562891

申请日：2000-05-01

Applicant: Won-tae Lee ,  Wong-bong Choi ,  In-taek Han ,  Jeong-hee Lee ,  Se-gi Yu

Inventor： Won-tae Lee ,  Wong-bong Choi ,  In-taek Han ,  Jeong-hee Lee ,  Se-gi Yu

IPC: H01J130

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  H01J1/32 ,  H01J11/12 ,  H01J11/40 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J65/04 ,  Y10S977/939 ,  Y10S977/952

Abstract: A secondary electron amplification structure employing carbon nanotube and a plasma display panel and back light using the same are provided. The secondary electron amplification structure is formed by stacking a MgO film, a film of a fluoride such as MgF2, CaF2 or LiF, or a film of an oxide such as Al2O3, ZnO, CaO, SrO, SiO2 or La2O3 on a carbon nanotube (CNT), which functions to increase the secondary electron emission coefficient caused by electrons or ions.

Abstract translation: 提供了使用碳纳米管和等离子体显示面板的二次电子放大结构和使用其的背光。 二次电子放大结构通过在碳纳米管上层叠MgO膜，氟化物如MgF 2，CaF 2或LiF的膜或氧化物如Al 2 O 3，ZnO，CaO，SrO，SiO 2或La 2 O 3的膜而形成， CNT），其用于增加由电子或离子引起的二次电子发射系数。

公开(公告)号：US5619099A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-08

申请号：US492703

申请日：1995-06-20

Applicant: Kimitsugu Nakamura ,  Masayoshi Sahara ,  Atushi Ishikawa ,  Chiyoshi Okuyama ,  Junichi Takeuchi

Inventor： Kimitsugu Nakamura ,  Masayoshi Sahara ,  Atushi Ishikawa ,  Chiyoshi Okuyama ,  Junichi Takeuchi

IPC: H01J43/20 ,  H01J1/90 ,  H01J9/18 ,  H01J29/02 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J40/16

CPC classification number: H01J43/06 ,  H01J1/90 ,  H01J29/023 ,  H01J9/18

Abstract: Support electrodes are provided for individually supporting a plurality of dynodes arranged inside of a vessel of an electron tube, such as photomultiplier tube. A black spacer formed from a ceramic material is disposed between the support electrodes. The black spacers are formed with elemental composition having content of MnO suppressed to 3 wt % or less. Current leaks, which are the cause of dark current, and abnormal generations of light during photomultiplication can be reduced, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the electron tube.

Abstract translation: 提供支撑电极用于单独地支撑布置在诸如光电倍增管的电子管的容器内部的多个倍增电极。 由陶瓷材料形成的黑色间隔物设置在支撑电极之间。 黑色间隔物由MnO含量抑制在3重量％以下的元素组合物形成。 可以减少电流泄漏，这是暗电流的原因，并且可以减少光电倍增期间的异常发光，从而提高电子管的信噪比。

公开(公告)号：US5616987A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-01

申请号：US560122

申请日：1995-11-17

Applicant: Takayuki Ohmura ,  Tomoyuki Okada ,  Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Yousuke Oohashi

Inventor： Takayuki Ohmura ,  Tomoyuki Okada ,  Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Yousuke Oohashi

IPC: H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/20

CPC classification number: H01J43/06

Abstract: A mesh electrode 9 is provided over an incident opening 7a of the electron multiplication portion 6. In the electron multiplication portion 6, a dynode group Dy is located downstream of a first dynode Dy1 for multiplying electrons supplied from the first dynode Dy1. The dynode group Dy is provided in the vicinity of the curvature center of the first dynode Dy1. A plate electrode 10 and a mesh electrode 9 are supplied with a potential intermediate between the potentials applied to the first dynode Dy1 and applied to the dynode group Dy. Accordingly, the electric field formed due to the potential difference between the first dynode Dy1 and the dynode group Dy is surrounded by the intermediate potentials. The electric field is therefore uniformly distributed over the region from the vicinity of the first dynode Dy1 toward the dynode group Dy.

Abstract translation: 网电极9设置在电子倍增部6的入射开口7a的上方。在电子倍增部6中，倍增极组Dy位于第一倍增电极Dy1的下游，用于乘以从第一倍增电极Dy1提供的电子。 倍增极组Dy设置在第一倍增电极Dy1的曲率中心附近。 平板电极10和网状电极9在施加到第一倍增电极Dy1的电位和施加到倍增极组Dy之间的电位之间被提供。 因此，由于第一倍增电极Dy1和倍增极组Dy之间的电位差而形成的电场被中间电位包围。 因此，电场均匀分布在从第一倍增极Dy1的附近朝向倍增极组Dy的区域。

公开(公告)号：US5557166A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-17

申请号：US457744

申请日：1995-06-01

Applicant: Yasushi Watase ,  Hiroaki Washiyama ,  Toshio Ikuma

Inventor： Yasushi Watase ,  Hiroaki Washiyama ,  Toshio Ikuma

IPC: H01J40/06 ,  H01J1/34 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/08 ,  H01J40/16

CPC classification number: H01J43/06 ,  H01J1/34 ,  H01J2201/3426

Abstract: The photocathode according to this invention is characterized in that an aluminium thin film is formed on a substrate, and then an antimony thin layer is deposited directly on the aluminium thin film and is activated by an alkali metal. It is especially preferable that the antimony thin layer is deposited in a thickness of 15 .mu.g/cm.sup.2 to 45 .mu.g/cm.sup.2 and is activated by an alkali metal. Such reflection-type photocathode is applicable to photomultipliers. Among functions which are considered to be done by the Al film. which is in direct contact with the Sb layer, a first one is to prevent the alloying between the Sb layer and the substrate (e.g., Ni), and a second one is to augment a reflectance of light to be detected.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明的光电阴极的特征在于在基板上形成铝薄膜，然后将锑薄层直接沉积在铝薄膜上并被碱金属活化。 特别优选的是，锑薄层以15g / cm 2至45g / cm 2的厚度沉积，并被碱金属活化。 这种反射型光电阴极适用于光电倍增管。 被认为是由Al电影完成的功能。 其与Sb层直接接触，第一种是防止Sb层和衬底（例如Ni）之间的合金化，第二种是增加要检测的光的反射率。

公开(公告)号：US5189338A

公开(公告)日：1993-02-23

申请号：US818282

申请日：1992-01-09

Applicant: Keiichi Ohishi ,  Suenori Kimura

Inventor： Keiichi Ohishi ,  Suenori Kimura

IPC: H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/26

CPC classification number: H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/04

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube includes a tube, a focussing electrode unit formed with a photoelectron transmission hole whose center is positioned offset from a central axis of the tube and a dynode positioned in confrontation with the transmission hole. A center of the dynode is also offset from the central axis of the tube. A grid type electrodes array are positioned at the same axial position of the dynode and positioned beside the dynode in a radial direction of the tube. The focussing electrode provides desirable uniformity in distribution of photoelectronics over the dynode even by the deviating position of the photoelectron transmission hole and the dynode. By positioning the dynode away from the central axis in the radial direction of the tube, the grid type electrode array can be positioned beside the dynode. Thus, entire length of the tube can be reduced without any change in a diameter of the tube because of the fact that a length of the dynode in the axial direction of the tube only influences the axial length of the tube.

公开(公告)号：US5043628A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-27

申请号：US497286

申请日：1990-03-22

Applicant: Jean-Pierre Boutot ,  Pierre L'Hermite

Inventor： Jean-Pierre Boutot ,  Pierre L'Hermite

IPC: H01J43/18 ,  H01J43/06

CPC classification number: H01J43/06

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube comprising a photocathode (10), focusing electrodes (12, 12') and a fast multiplier structure (20) having a large input surface relative to the photocathode and comprising at least one input dynode (21). According to the invention, said photomultiplier tube comprises, between the photocathode (10) and said focusing multiplier structure (20), a first multiplier stage (30) comprising, in succession and viewed from the assembly consisting of the photocathode (10) and the focusing electrodes (12, 12'), a grid (31), a first multiplier dynode (32) of the apertured-plate type, and an extracting grid (33) having the same pattern as said first multiplier dynode (32), the output of the extracting grid (33) being coupled to said input dynode (21) of the multiplier pattern by means of a focusing electrode (40).

Abstract translation: 一种光电倍增管，包括光电阴极（10），聚焦电极（12,12'）和具有相对于光电阴极的大输入表面的快速倍增器结构（20），并包括至少一个输入倍增极21。 根据本发明，所述光电倍增管包括在光电阴极（10）和所述聚焦倍增器结构（20）之间的第一乘法器级（30），其包括由光电阴极（10）和 聚焦电极（12,12'），网格（31），多孔板类型的第一乘法器倍增电极（32）和具有与所述第一乘法器倍增电极（32）相同图案的提取栅格（33）， 提取格栅（33）的输出通过聚焦电极（40）耦合到乘法器图案的所述输入倍增电极（21）。

公开(公告)号：US4999540A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-12

申请号：US456993

申请日：1989-12-26

Applicant: Pierre L'hermite

Inventor： Pierre L'hermite

IPC: H01J40/06 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/10

CPC classification number: H01J43/06

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube (10) for the use in high collecting power is described having a photocathode (20), a first dynode (30) and a stackable-dynode multiplier device (40). According to the invention, the first dynode (30) is constituted by a sheet which extends parallel to the photocathode (20) and is provided with a feedthrough aperture (31), an extracting grid (32) being arranged between the photocathode (20) and the sheet, and the stackable-dynode multiplier device (40) is positioned opposite the aperture (30) in such a manner as to collect the secondary electrons (50) emitted by the first dynode (30) and passing through the feedthrough aperture (31).

Abstract translation: 描述了一种用于高收集功率的光电倍增管（10），其具有光电阴极（20），第一倍增电极（30）和可堆叠倍增极倍增器装置（40）。 根据本发明，第一倍增极（30）由平行于光电阴极（20）延伸的片材构成，并具有馈通孔（31），提取栅极（32）布置在光电阴极（20） 并且所述片材和所述可堆叠 - 倍增电极倍增器装置（40）以与所述第一倍增电极（30）发射并穿过所述馈通孔（30）的方式收集由所述第一倍增电极（30）发射的二次电子（50） 31）。

公开(公告)号：US4649269A

公开(公告)日：1987-03-10

申请号：US587800

申请日：1984-03-09

Applicant: Dennis E. Persyk

Inventor： Dennis E. Persyk

IPC: H01J43/24 ,  G01T1/208 ,  H01J31/50 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/30 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: H01J43/30 ,  H01J43/06

Abstract: A dynodes arrangement for an electron multiplier. It comprises a first dynode having a first voltage input; a second dynode having a second voltage input; and a control grid positioned between the first and second dynodes and having a control voltage input separate from the first and second voltage inputs of the first and second dynodes.

Abstract translation: 电子倍增器的倍增电极排列。 它包括具有第一电压输入的第一倍增电极; 具有第二电压输入的第二倍增电极; 以及位于第一和第二倍增电极之间并具有与第一和第二倍增电极的第一和第二电压输入分开的控制电压输入的控制网格。

公开(公告)号：US4568853A

公开(公告)日：1986-02-04

申请号：US755216

申请日：1985-07-15

Applicant: Jean-Pierre Boutot

Inventor： Jean-Pierre Boutot

IPC: H01J43/04 ,  H01J9/12 ,  H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/12 ,  H01J43/18

CPC classification number: H01J43/06 ,  H01J43/246

Abstract: An electron multiplier structure comprising an electron multiplier section (11) with one or more microchannel plates and a dynode stage having secondary electron emission. This structure makes it possible to obtain an amplification which is higher than the amplification obtainable with only the electron multiplier section while maintaining the instantaneously obtained characteristics and special resolving power associated therewith.

Abstract translation: 电子倍增器结构包括具有一个或多个微通道板的电子倍增器部分（11）和具有二次电子发射的倍增电极级。 该结构使得可以获得高于仅通过电子倍增器部分获得的放大率的放大，同时保持瞬时获得的特性和与其相关的特殊分辨率。