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    Apo-.beta.-emulsans
    7.
    发明授权
    Apo-.beta.-emulsans 失效

    公开(公告)号：US4311829A

    公开(公告)日：1982-01-19

    申请号：US146052

    申请日：1980-05-14

    申请人： David L. Gutnick ,  Eugene Rosenberg ,  Igal Belsky ,  Zosim Zinaida

    发明人： David L. Gutnick ,  Eugene Rosenberg ,  Igal Belsky ,  Zosim Zinaida

    IPC分类号： B01D21/01 ,  B01F17/00 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/68 ,  C08B37/00 ,  C09K8/90 ,  C12P1/04 ,  C12P19/26

    CPC分类号： C09K8/905 ,  B01D21/01 ,  B01F17/005 ,  C02F1/5263 ,  C02F1/682 ,  C08B37/00 ,  C12P1/04 ,  C12P19/26 ,  Y10S435/822 ,  Y10S516/05 ,  Y10S516/06

    摘要： Growth of Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on various substrates and under varying conditions has been used to produce two classes of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the "emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. These classes have been named .alpha.-emulsans and .beta.-emulsans, both of which have substantially the same polymer backbone but differ from each other in certain important structural aspects. Deproteinization of emulsans by hot phenol extraction produces the lipopolysaccharide components (the "apoemulsans") of each of such emulsans, which components have been shown to be completely N-acylated and partially O-acylated heteropolysaccharides made up of a major amounts of D-galactosamine and an aminouronic acid, the O-lipoacyl portions of such apoemulsans containing varying percentages of fatty acid esters in which the fatty acids contain from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. Base hydrolysis under mild conditions of the emulsans and apoemulsans produces derivatives (the ".psi.-emulsans" and "apo-.psi.-emulsans", respectively) which are completely N-acylated and partially to completely O-deacylated. Base hydrolysis under strong conditions of any of these products produces another derivate (the "proemulsans") which is completely O-deacylated and is partially N-deacylated. Emulsans and apoemulsans, both of which biopolymers are strongly anionic, exhibit a high degree of specificity in the emulsification of hydrocarbon substrates which contain both aliphatic and cyclic components. In addition, these extracellular microbial polysaccharides as well as their O-deacylated and N-deaclated derivatives are adsorbed on and capable of flocculating aluminosilicate ion-exchangers, such as kaolin and bentonite.

    Process for cleaning an oil contaminated vessel
    9.
    发明授权
    Process for cleaning an oil contaminated vessel 失效
    清洁油污染船只的过程

    公开(公告)号：US4592786A

    公开(公告)日：1986-06-03

    申请号：US649247

    申请日：1984-10-26

    申请人： Joseph L. Williams ,  John W. Sansing ,  Michael E. Hayes ,  James F. Deal

    发明人： Joseph L. Williams ,  John W. Sansing ,  Michael E. Hayes ,  James F. Deal

    IPC分类号： B63B57/02 ,  B08B3/02 ,  B08B5/02

    CPC分类号： B63B57/02

    摘要： An apparatus and process adapted to clean oil contaminated vessels which uses a closed fluidized system through which fluidized sludge is recirculated to be sprayed under pressure on interior walls of the vessel. Emulsifying agents are added to the vessel to initially form a pool of fluidized sludge in the vessel which is then conveyed to a tank and from the tank conveyed to a high pressure spray where it is sprayed onto the walls to fluidize more sludge.

    摘要翻译： 一种适用于清洁油污染容器的装置和方法，其使用封闭的流化系统，流化淤渣通过该流化系统被再循环以在压力下在容器的内壁上喷雾。 将乳化剂添加到容器中以最初在容器中形成流化淤渣池，然后将其输送到罐中，并将其从输送到高压喷雾器的罐中输送到壁上，以流化更多的污泥。

    Proemulsans
    10.
    发明授权
    Proemulsans 失效

    公开(公告)号：US4311832A

    公开(公告)日：1982-01-19

    申请号：US146055

    申请日：1980-05-14

    申请人： David L. Gutnick ,  Eugene Rosenberg ,  Igal Belsky ,  Zosim Zinaida

    发明人： David L. Gutnick ,  Eugene Rosenberg ,  Igal Belsky ,  Zosim Zinaida

    IPC分类号： B01D21/01 ,  B01F17/00 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/68 ,  C08B37/00 ,  C09K8/90 ,  C12P1/04 ,  C12P19/26

    CPC分类号： C09K8/905 ,  B01D21/01 ,  B01F17/005 ,  C02F1/5263 ,  C02F1/682 ,  C08B37/00 ,  C12P1/04 ,  C12P19/26 ,  Y10S435/822 ,  Y10S516/05 ,  Y10S516/06

    摘要： Growth of Acinetobacter Sp. ATCC 31012 on various substrates and under varying conditions has been used to produce two classes of extracellular microbial protein-associated lipopolysaccharides (the "emulsans") which, on a weight-for-weight basis, are probably the most efficient emulsifiers discovered and which possess certain characteristics that permit these unique extracellular microbial lipopolysaccharides to be widely used in cleaning oil-contaminated vessels, oil spill management, and enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding. These classes have been named .alpha.-emulsans and .beta.-emulsans, both of which have substantially the same polymer backbone but differ from each other in certain important structural aspects. Deproteinization of emulsans by hot phenol extraction produces the lipopolysaccharide components (the "apoemulsans") of each of such emulsans, which components have been shown to be completely N-acylated and partially O-acylated heteropolysaccharides made up of a major amounts of D-galactosamine and an aminouronic acid, the O-lipoacyl portions of such apoemulsans containing varying percentages of fatty acid esters in which the fatty acids contain from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. Base hydrolysis under mild conditions of the emulsans and apoemulsans produces derivatives (the ".psi.-emulsans" and "apo-.psi.-emulsans", respectively) which are completely N-acylated and partially to completely O-deacylated. Base hydrolysis under strong conditions of any of these products produces another derivate (the "proemulsans") which is completely O-deacylated and is partially N-deacylated. Emulsans and apoemulsans, both of which biopolymers are strongly anionic, exhibit a high degree of specificity in the emulsification of hydrocarbon substrates which contain both aliphatic and cyclic components. In addition, these extracellular microbial polysaccharides as well as their O-deacylated and N-deaclated derivatives are adsorbed on and capable of flocculating aluminosilicate ion-exchangers, such as kaolin and bentonite.