Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to surgical lasers and more specifically to a laser beam control and delivery system that accurately and efficiently directs a laser beam into an optical fiber. The laser beam control and delivery system also provides additional functions, including a connection for a fiber tip temperature control system and a tissue temperature sensing system. The present invention also relates to a surgical laser system that has a high efficiency thermoelectric cooling system.
Abstract:
A system and method for efficiently performing timing characterization of regions of an integrated circuit. An integrated circuit has monitors distributed in different physical regions across its die. Each monitor includes timing characterization and self-test circuitry. This circuitry includes one or more tunable delay lines used during timing measurements. The circuitry verifies the tunable delay lines are defect free prior to the timing measurements. If defects are detected, but tunable delay lines may still be used, a scaling factor may be generated for a failing tunable delay line. The scaling factor may be used during subsequent timing measurements to maintain a high accuracy for the measurements. The timing measurements may determine a particular physical region of the die provides fast or slow timing values. The resulting statistics of the timing measurements may be used to change an operational mode of the IC in at least the particular region.
Abstract:
A hard disk drive with a post that extends from a base of a base plate. The base has a slot adjacent to the post. The slot attenuates a shock wave that propagates through the base plate of the drive.
Abstract:
A characteristic of a surface is measured by illuminating the surface with optical radiation over a wide angle and receiving radiation reflected from the surface over an angle that depends on the extend of the illumination angle. An emissivity measurement is made for the surface, and, alternatively, if a reflectivity measurement is made, it becomes more accurate. One application is to measure the thickness of a layer or layers, either a layer made of transparent material or a metal layer. A one or multiple wavelength technique allow very precise measurements of layer thickness. Noise from ambient radiation is minimized by modulating the radiation source at a frequency where such noise is a minimum or non-existent. The measurements may be made during processing of the surface in order to allow precise control of processing semiconductor wafers, flat panel displays, or other articles. A principal application is in situ monitoring of film thickness reduction by chemical-mechanical-polishing (CMP).
Abstract:
A system and method for characterizing a pattern, in which a spiking neural network having at least one layer of neurons is provided. The spiking neural network has a plurality of connected neurons for transmitting signals between the connected neurons. A model for inducing spiking in the neurons is specified. Each neuron is connected to a global regulating unit for transmitting signals between the neuron and the global regulating unit. Each neuron is connected to at least one other neuron for transmitting signals from this neuron to the at least one other neuron, this neuron and the at least one other neuron being on the same layer. Spiking of each neuron is synchronized according to a number of active neurons connected to the neuron. At least one pattern is submitted to the spiking neural network for generating sequences of spikes in the spiking neural network, the sequences of spikes (i) being modulated over time by the synchronization of the spiking and (ii) being regulated by the global regulating unit. The at least one pattern is characterized according to the sequences of spikes generated in the spiking neural network.
Abstract:
A probe for use within a high voltage and high current electrical device is disclosed. The probe comprises an optical fiber, a substrate having a slot, and a photoluminescent material. The fiber has a first and second end and is configured to convey an activation light from the first to second end. A portion of the fiber is within the slot such that the slot receives the second end of the fiber. Emission of the photoluminescent material, as a function of temperature, is known. The photoluminescent material is disposed within at least a portion of the slot that faces the second end of the fiber so that they are in optical communication with each other. A change in intensity of a luminescent light emitted back into the fiber by the photoluminescent material when the activation light is conveyed by the fiber onto the photoluminescent material provides an indication of the integrity of the electrical device.
Abstract:
A switch assembly (20) comprising of a base portion (22), a flexible pad (24), a paddle (26), and at least one button (28). The flexible pad (24) has a first dome (44) and a second dome (46). The paddle (26) is slidably attached to the base portion (22) and has a first end portion (64) and a second end portion (66). The first end portion (64) of the paddle (26) is positioned adjacent to the first dome (44) of the flexible pad (24). The second end portion (66) of the paddle (26) is positioned adjacent to the second dome (46) of the flexible pad (24). The button (28) is slidably attached to the base portion (22) and is capable of contacting the paddle (26). The first dome (44) of the flexible pad (24) is capable of collapsing when a user applies a first force (FA) to the button (28). The second dome (46) of the flexible pad (24) is capable of collapsing when the user applies a second force (FB) to the button (28), the second force (FB) being greater in value than the first force (FA). The switch assembly (20) may further include a white light emitting diode (80) for providing a colored light for the switch assembly (20) through the use of the flexible pad (24).
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a method for assisting a traveller in the preparation of visa applications. The method includes a step of collecting data for visa applications for one or more countries. In addition, user data of a traveller is stored in a database. Moreover, a visa application selected by the traveller is displayed on a computer. Further the selected application is automatically populated with stored user data.
Abstract:
A spiking neural network has a layer of connected neurons exchanging signals. Each neuron is connected to at least one other neuron. A neuron is active if it spikes at least once during a time interval. Time-varying synaptic weights are computed between each neuron and at least one other neuron connected thereto. These weights are computed according to a number of active neurons that are connected to the neuron. The weights are also computed according to an activity of the spiking neural network during the time interval. Spiking of each neuron is synchronized according to a number of active neurons connected to the neuron and according to the weights. A pattern is submitted to the spiking neural network for generating sequences of spikes, which are modulated over time by the spiking synchronization. The pattern is characterized according to the sequences of spikes generated in the spiking neural network.
Abstract:
Systems that measure temperatures of tissue during electrosurgery or laser therapy of the tissue or organs is provided. One system provides a pyrometer that measures infrared electromagnetic energy emitted by a surface of a tissue or organ thereby determining a sub-surface temperature of the tissue or organ. The system further has an energy generator and an ablation electrode or laser probe that delivers energy from the energy generator to a tissue or organ, responsive to a sub-surface temperature determined by the pyrometer. The pyrometer can be calibrated using a luminescent material having known optical properties as a function of temperature. The luminescent material can be positioned on the surface of the tissue or organ or inserted directly into the tissue or organ using a catheter. Methods in which the surface or sub-surface temperature of the tissue is measured during therapy are also provided.