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公开(公告)号：US4287035A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-01
申请号：US42163
申请日：1979-05-24
CPC分类号： B01J19/0086 , B01J19/121
摘要： A method of initiating a rapid pH change in a solution by irradiating the solution with an intense flux of electromagnetic radiation of a frequency which produces a substantial pK change to a compound in solution. To optimize the resulting pH change, the compound being irradiated in solution should have an excited state lifetime substantially longer than the time required to establish an excited state acid-base equilibrium in the solution. Desired pH changes can be accomplished in nanoseconds or less by means of picosecond pulses of laser radiation.
摘要翻译： 通过用溶液中的化合物产生大量pK变化的频率的强大的电磁辐射通过照射溶液来引发溶液中的快速pH变化的方法。 为了优化所得到的pH变化，在溶液中照射的化合物应该具有比在溶液中建立激发态酸碱平衡所需时间更长的激发态寿命。 所需的pH变化可以通过激光辐射的皮秒脉冲以纳秒或更小的速度完成。
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公开(公告)号：US5568496A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-22
申请号：US351070
申请日：1994-11-30
CPC分类号： H01S3/2308 , H01S3/0064 , Y10S372/703
摘要： A broadband thermal optical limiter disposed between a laser oscillator and laser amplifier system for protecting optical components in the laser oscillator from damage due to amplified optical feedback from the laser amplifier system at all near ultraviolet, visible and near infrared wavelengths is disclosed. The thermal optical limiter comprises: a first lens for focusing the amplified optical feedback to a focal point on an optical axis; a flowing dye cell disposed near the focal point and being responsive to the focused amplified optical feedback for thermally defocusing and aberrating the focused amplified optical feedback into a plurality of rings about the optical axis; a second lens for passing only a small portion of the defocused amplified optical feedback; and a blocking aperture disposed around the second lens for blocking substantially all of the thermally defocused amplified optical feedback from the flowing dye cell and passing therethrough into the second lens only a small portion of the thermally defocused amplified optical feedback from the flowing dye cell.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种布置在激光振荡器和激光放大器系统之间的宽带热光学限制器，用于保护激光振荡器中的光学部件免受来自激光放大器系统在所有近紫外，可见光和近红外波长处的光反馈的损害。 热光学限制器包括：用于将放大的光学反馈聚焦到光轴上的焦点的第一透镜; 流动的染料单元，设置在焦点附近并且响应于聚焦放大的光学反馈，用于热聚焦并使聚焦的放大的光学反馈异像到围绕光轴的多个环中; 用于仅通过散焦放大光学反馈的一小部分的第二透镜; 以及设置在第二透镜周围的阻挡孔，用于阻挡来自流动的染料单元的基本上所有的热散焦的放大的光学反馈，并将其从第二透镜中流出，只有来自流动的染料单元的热散焦放大的光学反馈的一小部分。
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公开(公告)号：USH1522H
公开(公告)日：1996-04-02
申请号：US627393
申请日：1990-11-30
摘要： A system for protecting ships from attack by an infrared-seeking missile is provided which comprises decoying the missile by deploying an aerosol. In one embodiment, the aerosol merely scatters a modulated light beam. Another embodiment deploys particles that can undergo an exothermic photochemical reaction when initiated by an ultraviolet laser. The laser projects an image of the ship onto the aerosol and at the same time causes the particles to generate sufficient heat to attract the infrared-seeking missile away from the ship. This system presents an infrared-decoy target with a suitable infrared image of appropriate spatial scale to mislead a missile with imaging capability. The spectral content of the decoy's image resembles that of a blackbody 20.degree.-50 .degree. C. above ambient, and has a brightness and spatial extent equal to the largest ships, approximately 10 kw/steradian, in the 3-5 and 8-12 micrometer bands. The present invention is simple to use, rapidly deployed, and capable of presenting a decoy target that can last at least a minute or more.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种保护船舶免受红外线寻求导弹袭击的系统，其中包括通过部署气溶胶来摧毁导弹。 在一个实施例中，气溶胶仅散射调制的光束。 另一个实施方案是在由紫外线激光引发时，可以进行放热光化学反应的颗粒。 激光器将船舶的图像投射到气溶胶上，同时使颗粒产生足够的热量以吸引远离船舶的红外线导弹。 该系统提出了具有适当的空间尺度的合适的红外图像的红外诱饵目标，以误导具有成像能力的导弹。 诱饵图像的光谱含量类似于高于环境温度20°-50°C的黑体，其亮度和空间范围等于最大的船舶，大约10 kw / steradian，在3-5和8-12 微米带。 本发明使用简单，快速部署，并且能够呈现可以持续至少一分钟或更长时间的诱饵目标。
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4.发明授权Hybrid thermal-defocusing/nonlinear-scattering broadband optical limiter for the protection of eyes and sensors 失效用于保护眼睛和传感器的混合热散焦/非线性散射宽带光限制器公开(公告)号：US06297918B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-02
申请号：US08430956
申请日：1995-04-28
IPC分类号： G02B523
CPC分类号： G02F1/3523 , G02F2203/52
摘要： A passive optical limiter for protecting a light-sensitive object from damage due to an incident light beam above a first predetermined value of light intensity is disclosed. The passive optical limiter comprises: a first lens for focusing an incident light beam to a focal point; a protective element disposed near the focal point, the protective element being responsive to a focused incident light beam below the first predetermined intensity level for passing therethrough the focused incident light beam below the first predetermined intensity level, the protective element being responsive to a focused incident light beam between the first predetermined intensity level and a higher second predetermined intensity level for deflecting substantially all of the focused incident light beam into rings of light and passing therethrough only a small portion of the converged incident light beam between the first and second predetermined intensity levels, and the protective element including a scattering element responsive to incident light at or above the second predetermined intensity level for scattering that incident light in all directions to decrease the intensity level of the incident light below a damage threshold of the light sensitive object; and a second lens for focusing substantially all of the light passing through the the protective element and the second lens onto the light-sensitive object.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于保护光敏物体免受由高于第一预定光强度的入射光束造成的损坏的无源光学限制器。 无源光限制器包括：用于将入射光束聚焦到焦点的第一透镜; 设置在所述焦点附近的保护元件，所述保护元件响应于所述第一预定强度水平以下的聚焦入射光束，以将聚焦的入射光束穿过所述第一预定强度水平以下，所述保护元件响应于聚焦事件 在第一预定强度水平和较高的第二预定强度水平之间的光束，用于将基本上所有聚焦的入射光束偏转到光环中，并且仅在第一和第二预定强度水平之间穿过会聚入射光束的一小部分 并且所述保护元件包括响应于等于或高于所述第二预定强度水平的入射光的散射元件，用于在所有方向上散射所述入射光，以将入射光的强度水平降低到所述光敏物体的损伤阈值以下。 以及用于将基本上将通过保护元件和第二透镜的所有光聚焦到光敏物体上的第二透镜。
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公开(公告)号：US4415265A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-15
申请号：US277442
申请日：1981-06-25
申请人： Anthony J. Campillo , Horn-Bond Lin
发明人： Anthony J. Campillo , Horn-Bond Lin
CPC分类号： G01N15/00 , G01N21/171 , G01N30/02
摘要： A method and apparatus for determining the absorption spectra, and other properties, of aerosol particles. A heating beam source provides a beam of electromagnetic energy which is scanned through the region of the spectrum which is of interest. Particles exposed to the heating beam which have absorption bands within the band width of the heating beam absorb energy from the beam. The particles are also illuminated by light of a wave length such that the light is scattered by the particles. The absorption spectra of the particles can thus be determined from an analysis of the scattered light since the absorption of energy by the particles will affect the way the light is scattered. Preferably the heating beam is modulated to simplify the analysis of the scattered light. In one embodiment the heating beam is intensity modulated so that the scattered light will also be intensity modulated when the particles absorb energy. In another embodiment the heating beam passes through an interferometer and the scattered light reflects the Fourier Transform of the absorption spectra.
摘要翻译： 用于确定气溶胶颗粒的吸收光谱和其它性质的方法和装置。 加热光束源提供通过感兴趣的光谱区域扫描的电磁能束。 暴露于在加热束的带宽内具有吸收带的加热束的颗粒从梁吸收能量。 颗粒也被波长的光照亮，使得光被颗粒散射。 因此，通过对散射光的分析可以确定颗粒的吸收光谱，因为颗粒的能量吸收将影响光的散射方式。 优选地，加热束被调制以简化散射光的分析。 在一个实施例中，加热束被强度调制，使得当颗粒吸收能量时，散射光也将被强度调制。 在另一个实施例中，加热束通过干涉仪，并且散射光反射吸收光谱的傅立叶变换。
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公开(公告)号：US4349907A
公开(公告)日：1982-09-14
申请号：US143059
申请日：1980-04-23
CPC分类号： G02F1/39 , G02F2001/392
摘要： A picosecond traveling-wave parametric device capable of controlled spectral bandwidth and wavelength in the infrared is reported. Intense 1.064 .mu.m picosecond pulses (1) pass through a 4.5 cm long LiNbO.sub.3 optical parametric oscillator crystal (2) set at its degeneracy angle. A broad band emerges, and a simple grating (3) and mirror (4) arrangement is used to inject a selected narrow-band into a 2 cm long LiNbO.sub.3 optical parametric amplifier crystal (5) along a second pump line. Typical input energies at 1.064 .mu.m along both pump lines are 6-8 mJ for the oscillator and 10 mJ for the amplifier. This yields 1 mJ of tunable output in the range 1.98 to 2.38 .mu.m which when down-converted in a 1 cm long CdSe crystal mixer (6) gives 2 .mu.J of tunable radiation over the 14.8 to 18.5 .mu.m region. The bandwidth and wavelength of both the 2 and 16 .mu.m radiation output are controlled solely by the diffraction grating.
摘要翻译： 报道了能够控制光谱带宽和红外波长的皮秒行波参数装置。 强烈的1.064μm皮秒脉冲（1）通过4.5cm长的LiNbO3光参量振荡器晶体（2），其设置为其简并角。 出现宽带，并且使用简单的光栅（3）和反射镜（4）布置来沿着第二泵线将选定的窄带注入到长为2cm长的LiNbO 3光参量放大器晶体（5）中。 两个泵浦线路的典型输入能量为1.064μm，振荡器为6-8mJ，放大器为10mJ。 这产生1mJ的可调谐输出在1.98至2.38μm的范围内，当在1cm长的CdSe晶体混合器（6）中下变换时，在14.8至18.5μm的区域上产生2μJ的可调谐辐射。 2和16μm辐射输出的带宽和波长仅由衍射光栅控制。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06483640B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-19
申请号：US08847171
申请日：1997-04-08
IPC分类号： G02B520
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , G02B6/1225 , H01Q15/006 , Y10S977/70 , Y10S977/838
摘要： A band-gap spectral filter is made of a nanochannel glass structure having a two-dimensional array of parallel dielectric rods arranged in a matrix material. The materials for the dielectric rods and the matrix material are selected so that the difference between the refractive index of the dielectric rods and the refractive index of the matrix material is equal to or less than about 0.5.
摘要翻译： 带隙光谱滤波器由具有布置在矩阵材料中的平行介质棒的二维阵列的纳米通道玻璃结构制成。 选择介电棒和基体材料的材料，使得介质棒的折射率与基体材料的折射率之差等于或小于约0.5。
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8.发明授权Method and apparatus for reducing diffraction-induced damage in high power laser amplifier systems 失效用于降低大功率激光放大器系统中衍射损伤的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US3935545A
公开(公告)日：1976-01-27
申请号：US538225
申请日：1975-01-02
摘要： Self-focusing damage caused by diffraction in laser amplifier systems may be minimized by appropriately tailoring the input optical beam profile by passing the beam through an aperture having a uniform high optical transmission within a particular radius r.sub.o and a transmission which drops gradually to a low value at greater radii. Apertures having the desired transmission characteristics may readily be manufactured by exposing high resolution photographic films and plates to a diffuse, disk-shaped light source and mask arrangement.
摘要翻译： 在激光放大器系统中由衍射引起的自聚焦损伤可以通过使光束通过特定半径范围内具有均匀的高光透射的孔径和逐渐下降到低值的传输来适当调整输入光束轮廓而被最小化 在更大的半径。 具有期望的透射特性的孔可以容易地通过将高分辨率照相胶片和印版暴露于扩散的盘形光源和掩模装置来制造。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5491579A
公开(公告)日：1996-02-13
申请号：US251146
申请日：1994-05-31
CPC分类号： G02F1/3523 , G02F1/0147
摘要： A broadband thermal optical limiter for protecting a light-sensitive object from intense laser beams at all near ultraviolet, visible and near infrared wavelengths is disclosed. The broadband thermal optical limiter comprises: a sample cell containing a solution of broadband absorber material dissolved in a thermal solvent; and a first optical device for converging an incident laser beam into the sample cell. The sample cell is responsive to a converged incident laser beam below a predetermined intensity level for passing therethrough the converged incident laser beam below the predetermined intensity level. The sample cell is also responsive to a converged incident laser beam at or above a predetermined intensity level for thermally defocusing substantially all of the converged incident laser beam in different directions and passing therethrough only a remaining small portion of the converged incident laser beam at or above the predetermined intensity level. The broadband thermal optical limiter further includes a second optical device for focusing substantially all of the laser beam passing through the sample cell into the light-sensitive object to be protected. A collecting aperture may be disposed in front of the second optical device for substantially blocking all light deflected by the protective element and passing therethrough into the second optical device only a small portion of the focused incident light beam at or above the predetermined intensity level.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在所有近紫外线，可见光和近红外波长处保护光敏物体免受强激光束的宽带热光学限制器。 宽带热光学限制器包括：样品池，其含有溶解在热溶剂中的宽带吸收材料溶液; 以及用于将入射的激光束会聚到样品池中的第一光学装置。 采样单元响应于在预定强度水平以下的会聚入射激光束，以将会聚的入射激光束通过低于预定强度水平。 样品池还响应于等于或高于预定强度水平的会聚入射激光束，用于在不同方向上基本上使所有会聚的入射激光束散焦，并且仅通过会聚入射激光束的剩余小部分在等于或高于 预定强度水平。 宽带热光学限制器还包括第二光学装置，用于将通过样品池的基本上所有的激光束聚焦到待保护的光敏物体中。 收集孔可以设置在第二光学装置的前面，用于基本上阻挡由保护元件偏转的所有光，并且在预定强度水平或高于预定强度水平的情况下仅将聚焦入射光束的一小部分穿过第二光学装置。
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