公开(公告)号：US06267912B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-31

申请号：US08845700

申请日：1997-04-25

申请人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito ,  Leroy R. Clavenna

发明人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito ,  Leroy R. Clavenna

IPC分类号： C07C102

CPC分类号： C01B3/386 ,  B01F3/02 ,  B01F5/0682 ,  B01J8/0278 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/062 ,  C01B2203/065 ,  C01B2203/085 ,  C01B2203/1023 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  C01B2203/1064 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/1276

摘要： A novel injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas for recovery and/or subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources of a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are preheated and pressurized and injected through an injector means at high velocity into admixture with each other in the desired relative proportions, at a plurality of mixing nozzles which are open to the catalytic partial oxidation reaction zone and are uniformly-spaced over the face of the injector means, to form a reactant gaseous premix having a pressure drop equal to at least about 3% of the lowest upstream pressure of either of said gases. The gaseous premix is injected in a time period which is less than its autoignition time, preferably less than 9 milliseconds, at a velocity between about 25 to 1000 feet/second, into a catalytic partial oxidation zone so that the gaseous premix reacts in the presence of the fixed catalyst to reduce the amounts of CO2, H2O and heat produced by the partial oxidation reaction, to form a useful syngas which is cooled and recovered.

摘要翻译： 一种新颖的注射器/反应器装置以及用于部分氧化轻质烃气体（例如甲烷）的有效方法，以将这种气体转化成有用的合成气以用于回收和/或随后的烃合成。 来自诸如甲烷和氧气或含氧气体的轻质烃气体在多个混合喷嘴处被预热和加压并通过喷射器装置以高速度以所需的相对比例彼此混合， 对催化部分氧化反应区开放，并且在喷射器装置的表面上均匀间隔开，形成具有等于任一气体的最低上压压力的至少约3％的压降的反应物气态预混物。 将气体预混物在小于其自燃时间（优选小于9毫秒）的时间内以约25至1000英尺/秒的速度注入到催化部分氧化区中，使得气态预混物在存在下反应 的固定催化剂以减少CO 2，H 2 O的量和由部分氧化反应产生的热量，以形成冷却和回收的有用的合成气。

公开(公告)号：US5883138A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US845699

申请日：1997-04-25

申请人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito ,  Leroy R. Clavenna

发明人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito ,  Leroy R. Clavenna

IPC分类号： B01F3/02 ,  B01F5/06 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J12/00 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C07C27/00 ,  C07C1/02

CPC分类号： C01B3/386 ,  B01F5/0682 ,  B01J8/0278 ,  B01F3/02 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/062 ,  C01B2203/065 ,  C01B2203/1023 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  C01B2203/1064 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/1276

摘要： A novel injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas for recovery and/or subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources of a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are preheated and pressurized and injected through an injector means at high velocity into admixture with each other in the desired proportions, at a plurality of mixing nozzles which are open to the catalytic partial oxidation reaction zone of a reactor and are uniformly-spaced over the face of the injector, to form a reactant gaseous premix having a pressure drop through the injector. The gaseous premix is injected in a time period which is less than 5 milliseconds, at a velocity between about 25 to 1000 feet/second, into a reaction zone comprising a catalytic partial oxidation zone so that the gaseous premix reacts in the presence of the fixed catalyst arrangement to reduce the amounts of CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and heat produced by the partial oxidation reaction and form, cool and recover a useful syngas.

摘要翻译： 一种新颖的注射器/反应器装置以及用于部分氧化轻质烃气体（例如甲烷）的有效方法，以将这种气体转化成有用的合成气以用于回收和/或随后的烃合成。 来自诸如甲烷和氧气或含氧气体的轻质烃气体在多个混合喷嘴处被预热和加压并通过喷射器装置以高速度以相关的比例彼此混合， 通向反应器的催化部分氧化反应区，并且在喷射器的表面上均匀间隔开，形成具有通过喷射器的压降的反应物气态预混物。 将气态预混物以约25至1000英尺/秒的速度在小于5毫秒的时间内注入到包含催化部分氧化区的反应区中，使得气态预混物在固定的 催化剂排列以减少CO 2，H 2 O的量和由部分氧化反应产生的热量并形成，冷却和回收有用的合成气。

公开(公告)号：US5935489A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-10

申请号：US845707

申请日：1997-04-25

申请人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito

发明人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito

IPC分类号： B01F3/02 ,  B01F5/00 ,  B01F5/06 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C10G2/00 ,  F23D14/22 ,  F23D14/62 ,  C07C1/02 ,  C01B3/24 ,  C01B31/18 ,  C07C27/00

CPC分类号： F23D14/62 ,  B01F5/0604 ,  B01F5/0682 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/249 ,  B01J8/0278 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/363 ,  C01B3/382 ,  C10G2/30 ,  F23D14/22 ,  B01F3/02 ,  B01J2208/022 ,  B01J2219/2453 ,  B01J2219/2462 ,  B01J2219/247 ,  B01J2219/2477 ,  B01J2219/2481 ,  B01J2219/2485 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C01B2203/82

摘要： A novel injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas for recovery and/or subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources comprising a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, preheated and pressurized, are injected through an injector means at high velocity into admixture with each other in the desired relative proportions, at a plurality of mixing nozzles which are open to the partial oxidation zone of a reactor and are uniformly-spaced over the face of the injector means, to form a reactant gaseous premix having a pressure at least 3% lower than the lowest upstream pressure of either of the streams of the individual gases. The gaseous premix is injected in a time period which is less than its autoignition time, preferably less than 9 milliseconds, at a velocity between about 25 to 1000 feet/second, into the partial oxidation zone of the reactor. The gas mixture reacts before or simultaneously with the autoignition time delay of the mixture, to reduce the amounts of CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and heat produced by the partial oxidation reaction to form a useful syngas which is cooled and recovered.

摘要翻译： 一种新颖的注射器/反应器装置以及用于部分氧化轻质烃气体（例如甲烷）的有效方法，以将这种气体转化成有用的合成气以用于回收和/或随后的烃合成。 源于包含轻质烃气体（例如甲烷）和预热和加压的氧气或含氧气体的源通过喷射器装置以高速度以相关比例以所需的相对比例在多个混合喷嘴 其对于反应器的部分氧化区开放并且在喷射器装置的表面上均匀间隔开，以形成反应物气体预混物，该反应物气体预混物的压力比其中任一流的最低上游压力低至少3％ 个别气体。 在低于其自燃时间（优选小于9毫秒）的时间段内，以约25至1000英尺/秒的速度将气体预混物注入反应器的部分氧化区。 气体混合物在混合物的自燃时间延迟之前或同时反应，以减少CO 2，H 2 O的量和由部分氧化反应产生的热量，以形成冷却和回收的有用的合成气。

公开(公告)号：US5980782A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

申请号：US845708

申请日：1997-04-25

申请人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito ,  Russell J. Koveal ,  Lavanga R. Veluswamy ,  James H. Taylor ,  Alfredo M. Lopez

发明人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito ,  Russell J. Koveal ,  Lavanga R. Veluswamy ,  James H. Taylor ,  Alfredo M. Lopez

IPC分类号： B01F5/06 ,  B01J8/24 ,  B01J8/44 ,  C01B3/44 ,  C07C1/02 ,  C01B3/24 ,  C01B31/18 ,  C07C27/00

CPC分类号： B01F5/0604 ,  B01J8/44 ,  C01B3/44 ,  B01J2219/00259 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/062 ,  C01B2203/065 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/1082 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/1276

摘要： A novel fluidized bed syngas (FBSG) injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation and steam reforming of light hydrocarbon gases such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas containing CO and H.sub.2 for recovery and/or subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources of a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are preheated and pressurized and injected through gas orifices of an injector at high velocity and comparable momentums into admixture with each other in the desired proportions, at a plurality of mixing chambers or recessed cups which are open to the fluidized bed reaction zone of a reaction chamber and are spaced over the face of the injector, to form a reactant gas premix having a pressure drop of at least 1% through the injector. The gaseous premix is injected in a time period which is less than its autoignition time, preferably less than 9 milliseconds, at a velocity between about 25 to 1000 feet/second, into a partial oxidation reaction zone comprising a fluid bed catalyst so that the gas mixture reacts in the catalyst bed, to reduce the amounts of CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and heat produced by the partial oxidation reaction to favor the desired stoichiometry. The formed syngas is cooled and recovered, such as use in further synthesis processing.

摘要翻译： 一种新型流化床合成气（FBSG）注射器/反应器装置以及用于轻质烃气体如甲烷的部分氧化和蒸汽重整的有效方法，以将这些气体转化为含CO和H 2的有用合成气以用于回收和/或随后的烃 合成。 来自诸如甲烷和氧气或含氧气体的轻质烃气体被预热和加压，并通过注射器的气体孔以高速度和可比较的动量将其以所需的比例彼此混合，以多个 的混合室或凹形杯，其对反应室的流化床反应区开放并且在喷射器的表面上间隔开，以形成通过喷射器具有至少1％的压降的反应物气体预混物。 将气体预混物在小于其自燃时间（优选小于9毫秒）的时间内以约25至1000英尺/秒的速度注入到包含流化床催化剂的部分氧化反应区中，使得气体 混合物在催化剂床中反应，以减少CO 2，H 2 O的量和由部分氧化反应产生的热量，以有利于所需的化学计量。 形成的合成气被冷却和回收，例如用于进一步合成处理。

公开(公告)号：US5528365A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

申请号：US203378

申请日：1994-03-01

申请人： Constantine P. Gonatas

发明人： Constantine P. Gonatas

IPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/49 ,  A61B6/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795

摘要： Methods of imaging objects with diffused light. The methods preferably can comprise the steps of illuminating the object with a source of light which can be scattered by the object, collecting the scattered light with a detector from multiple positions surrounding the object, measuring a mean free path of photons scattered from the object from the collected scattered light, and determining a diffusion constant for the photons scattered from the object as a function of the measured mean free path, and determining in the transmission of the photons between the source and the detector as a function of the diffusion constant, thereby imaging the object. Methods and apparatus described herein efficiently image objects with diffuse light by taking into account source-detector orientation and boundary effects.

摘要翻译： 用漫射光成像物体的方法 所述方法优选地可以包括用能够被物体散射的光源照射物体的步骤，用围绕物体的多个位置的检测器收集散射光，测量从物体散射的光子的平均自由程 收集的散射光，并且根据测量的平均自由程确定从物体散射的光子的扩散常数，以及根据扩散常数确定源极与检测器之间的光子的透射率，由此 成像对象。 通过考虑源检测器取向和边界效应，本文描述的方法和装置有效地对具有漫射光的物体进行成像。

公开(公告)号：US5980596A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

申请号：US845706

申请日：1997-04-25

申请人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito ,  Russell J. Koveal ,  Costas A. Coulaloglou

发明人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito ,  Russell J. Koveal ,  Costas A. Coulaloglou

IPC分类号： B01F5/00 ,  B01F5/06 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C10G2/00 ,  F23D14/22 ,  F23D14/62 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/04 ,  C07C27/00

CPC分类号： F23D14/62 ,  B01J19/249 ,  B01J8/0278 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/382 ,  C10G2/30 ,  F23D14/22 ,  B01J2208/022 ,  B01J2219/2453 ,  B01J2219/2462 ,  B01J2219/247 ,  B01J2219/2477 ,  B01J2219/2481 ,  B01J2219/2485 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C01B2203/82

摘要： A novel injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas for subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources of a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are preheated and pressurized and injected through an injector means at high velocity into admixture with each other in the desired proportions, preferably at comparable momentums, at a plurality of mixing nozzles which are open to the reaction zone of a reactor and are spaced over the face of the injector, to form a reactant gas premix having a pressure drop equal to at least 1% of the lowest upstream pressure of either of said gas streams. The gas premix is ejected in a time period which preferably is less than 9 milliseconds, at a velocity between about 25 to 1000 feet/second, into a reaction zone comprising a partial oxidation zone, so that the gas mixture reacts therein. The partially-oxidized effluent is then passed into a steam reforming catalyst zone to reduce the amounts of CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and heat produced by the partial oxidation reaction to form the useful syngas, which is cooled, recovered and/or further processed.

摘要翻译： 一种新型的注射器/反应器装置和用于轻质烃气体（例如甲烷）的部分氧化的有效方法，以将这种气体转化成有用的合成气以用于随后的烃合成。 来自诸如甲烷和氧气或含氧气体的轻质烃气体被预热和加压，并通过注射器装置以高速度以所需比例（优选在可比较的动量）以多种方式彼此混合，多个 的混合喷嘴，其对反应器的反应区开放并且在喷射器的表面上间隔开，以形成反应气体预混合物，该反应物气体预混合物的压降等于任一气流的最低上游压力的至少1％ 。 气体预混物在优选小于9毫秒的时间内以约25至1000英尺/秒的速度喷射到包含部分氧化区的反应区中，使得气体混合物在其中反应。 然后将部分氧化的流出物进入蒸汽重整催化剂区域以减少CO 2，H 2 O的量和通过部分氧化反应产生的热量，以形成有用的合成气，其被冷却，回收和/或进一步处理。

公开(公告)号：US5886056A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-23

申请号：US845701

申请日：1997-04-25

申请人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito

发明人： Frank Hershkowitz ,  Harry W. Deckman ,  Robert P. Reynolds ,  Constantine P. Gonatas ,  John W. Fulton ,  Leonard Schoenman ,  Jack I. Ito

IPC分类号： B01F3/02 ,  B01F5/06 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J8/44 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  B05B1/14 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C10G2/00 ,  F23D14/22 ,  C07C27/00 ,  C07C1/02

CPC分类号： F23D14/22 ,  B01F5/0682 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/2485 ,  B01J19/249 ,  B01J8/0278 ,  B01J8/44 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/363 ,  C01B3/382 ,  C10G2/30 ,  B01F3/02 ,  B01J2208/022 ,  B01J2219/2453 ,  B01J2219/2462 ,  B01J2219/247 ,  B01J2219/2481 ,  B01J2219/2485 ,  B01J2219/2498 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C01B2203/82

摘要： A novel injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas for recovery and/or subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources of a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are preheated and pressurized and injected through an injector means at high velocity into admixture with each other in the desired relating proportions, at a plurality of mixing nozzles which are open to the partial oxidation zone of a reactor and are uniformly-spaced over the face of the injector means, to form a gaseous premix having a pressure drop through the injector. The gaseous premix is injected in a time period which is less than 5 milliseconds, preferably at a velocity between about 25 to 1000 feet/second, into a partial oxidation reaction zone so that the gaseous premix reacts therein, to reduce the amounts of CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and heat produced by the partial oxidation reaction and form, cool and recover a useful syngas.

摘要翻译： 一种新颖的注射器/反应器装置以及用于部分氧化轻质烃气体（例如甲烷）的有效方法，以将这种气体转化成有用的合成气以用于回收和/或随后的烃合成。 来自诸如甲烷，氧气或含氧气体的轻质烃气体在多个混合喷嘴处被预热和加压并通过喷射器装置以高速度以所需的相关比例彼此混合注入 对反应器的部分氧化区开放，并且在喷射器装置的表面上均匀间隔开，以形成具有通过喷射器的压降的气态预混物。 气体预混物在小于5毫秒（优选以约25至1000英尺/秒的速度）的时间段内注入部分氧化反应区中，使得气态预混物在其中反应以减少CO 2的量， H2O和通过部​​分氧化反应产生的热量形成，冷却并回收有用的合成气。