公开(公告)号：US08643337B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-04

申请号：US13179107

申请日：2011-07-08

申请人： Kwok Kuen David Kwong ,  Yat To William Wong ,  Ho Ming Karen Wan ,  Chik Wai David Ng

发明人： Kwok Kuen David Kwong ,  Yat To William Wong ,  Ho Ming Karen Wan ,  Chik Wai David Ng

IPC分类号： H02J7/00

CPC分类号： H02J7/0031

摘要： A charge/discharge protection circuit protects a battery from inadvertent shorting on a charger node that can connect to a charger or to a power supply of a portable electronic device. A single n-channel power transistor has a gate that controls a channel between the battery and the charger node. The gate is connected to the charger node by a gate-coupling transistor to turn off the power transistor, providing battery isolation. The gate is driven by a voltage-boosted clock through a switch activated by an enable signal. The enable signal also activates a grounding transistor to ground a gate of the gate-coupling transistor. A comparator compares voltages of the charger and battery nodes, and the compare output is latched to generate the enable signal. An inverse enable signal activates a second switch that drives the voltage-boosted clock to the gate of the gate-coupling transistor to turn off the power transistor.

摘要翻译： 充电/放电保护电路可保护电池免受可连接到充电器或便携式电子设备的电源的充电器节点上的意外短路。 单个n沟道功率晶体管具有控制电池和充电器节点之间的通道的栅极。 门通过栅极耦合晶体管连接到充电器节点，以关闭功率晶体管，从而提供电池隔离。 门通过由使能信号激活的开关由升压时钟驱动。 使能信号还激活接地晶体管以对栅极耦合晶体管的栅极接地。 比较器比较充电器和电池节点的电压，并且比较输出被锁存以产生使能信号。 反向使能信号激活第二开关，其将升压电压的时钟驱动到栅极耦合晶体管的栅极，以关断功率晶体管。

公开(公告)号：US07795976B2

公开(公告)日：2010-09-14

申请号：US12345862

申请日：2008-12-30

申请人： Yat To William Wong ,  Chik Wai David Ng ,  Ho Ming Karen Wan ,  Kam Chuen Wan ,  Kwok Kuen David Kwong

发明人： Yat To William Wong ,  Chik Wai David Ng ,  Ho Ming Karen Wan ,  Kam Chuen Wan ,  Kwok Kuen David Kwong

IPC分类号： H03F3/45

CPC分类号： H03F3/45197 ,  H03F3/3023 ,  H03F3/45475 ,  H03F2203/45248 ,  H03F2203/45646 ,  H03F2203/45652 ,  H03F2203/45678

摘要： An error amplifier can be used to control a power regulator transistor. The error amplifier has a main amplifier, a pull-up auxiliary amplifier, and a pull-down auxiliary amplifier that all drive an output. A compensating capacitor on the output sets a single dominant pole for all amplifiers, increasing stability. High slew rates are provided by increased slew current from the auxiliary amplifiers that turn on when the differential input has an absolute voltage difference larger than an intentional offset. The intentional offset is introduced into the auxiliary amplifiers by adjusting a p-channel to n-channel transistor ratio in a leg of the auxiliary amplifiers. A source degenerated resistor in the main amplifier reduces supply headroom and increases linearity by connecting sources of two differential transistors that receive the differential input. Cascode transistors increase gain and output impedance. Reliability is increased as no positive feedback is used in the amplifiers.

摘要翻译： 误差放大器可用于控制功率调节晶体管。 误差放大器具有主放大器，上拉辅助放大器和全部驱动输出的下拉辅助放大器。 输出上的补偿电容为所有放大器设置单个主极，从而提高稳定性。 当差分输入具有大于有意偏移的绝对电压差时，来自辅助放大器的增加的转换电流提供高转换速率。 通过调整辅助放大器的一个支路中的p沟道至n沟道晶体管比，将有意的偏移引入辅助放大器。 主放大器中的源极退化电阻通过连接接收差分输入的两个差分晶体管的源极减小了供电余量并增加了线性度。 串联晶体管增加了增益和输出阻抗。 在放大器中没有使用正反馈的情况下，可靠性提高。

公开(公告)号：US07705685B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-27

申请号：US11952127

申请日：2007-12-06

申请人： Chik Wai David Ng ,  Yat To William Wong ,  Ho Ming Karen Wan ,  Kwok Kuen David Kwong

发明人： Chik Wai David Ng ,  Yat To William Wong ,  Ho Ming Karen Wan ,  Kwok Kuen David Kwong

IPC分类号： H03B27/00

CPC分类号： H03K4/501

摘要： An oscillator operates at a very low voltage yet has a duty cycle that is set by a ratio of capacitors that are charged and discharged. Sub-threshold p-channel transistors conduct sub-threshold currents below the normal threshold voltage, and drive set and reset inputs of a set-reset S-R latch. The S-R latch drives the oscillator outputs. The oscillator outputs feed back to charging p-channel transistors that charge one plate of the capacitors. During half of the cycle, the charging p-channel transistor is off, allowing one plate of the capacitors to discharge through an n-channel discharge transistor. After a period of discharge determined by the capacitance of the capacitor, the gate of a sub-threshold p-channel transistor falls enough for sub-threshold current to flow, triggering the set or reset input of the S-R latch. Since sub-threshold currents are needed to toggle the S-R latch, the oscillator begins to oscillate below the threshold voltage.

摘要翻译： 振荡器在非常低的电压下工作，但是具有由充电和放电的电容器的比率设定的占空比。 子阈值p沟道晶体管导通低于正常阈值电压的次阈值电流，以及设置复位S-R锁存器的驱动器设置和复位输入。 S-R锁存器驱动振荡器输出。 振荡器输出反馈给对一个电容器板充电的p沟道晶体管。 在半周期中，充电p沟道晶体管截止，允许电容器的一个板通过n沟道放电晶体管放电。 在通过电容器的电容确定的放电周期之后，子阈值p沟道晶体管的栅极对于亚阈值电流流下来足以触发S-R锁存器的置位或复位输入。 由于需要次阈值电流来切换S-R锁存器，所以振荡器开始振荡低于阈值电压。

公开(公告)号：US20060123014A1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-08

申请号：US10904958

申请日：2004-12-07

申请人： David Ng

发明人： David Ng

IPC分类号： G06F7/00

CPC分类号： G06F16/951 ,  G06F16/9537

摘要： An Internet search engine ranks search results based on popularity with mobile-device users. Geo-position data from cell phones and other mobile devices are collected into a device geo-position database. The geo-position data is compared to locations of businesses in a business database. When a mobile device's geo-position moves inside a business location, a traffic counter for that business location in the business database is updated. When an Internet user performs a local search, the result set is sorted based on a rank that is at least partially determined by the traffic counters. The popularity-ranked search results indicate which businesses received the most mobile-device visits, an indication of the business's overall popularity. The popularity ranking may be adjusted for business size by dividing the traffic counter by the square footage of the business and sorting the result set based on the mobile-device visits, or repeat visits, per square foot.

摘要翻译： 互联网搜索引擎根据移动设备用户的受欢迎程度来排列搜索结果。 来自手机和其他移动设备的地理位置数据被收集到设备地理位置数据库中。 将地理位置数据与业务数据库中的企业的位置进行比较。 当移动设备的地理位置在业务位置内移动时，会更新业务数据库中该业务位置的流量计数器。 当Internet用户执行本地搜索时，结果集是基于至少部分地由流量计数器确定的等级排序的。 受欢迎排名的搜索结果表明，哪些企业获得了最多的移动设备访问，这表明企业的整体受欢迎程度。 通过将流量计数除以业务的平方英尺，并根据移动设备访问排序结果集，或每平方英尺重复访问，可以调整流量排名。

公开(公告)号：US5769211A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-23

申请号：US785989

申请日：1997-01-21

申请人： Ronald R. Manna ,  Theodore A. D. Novak ,  Scott Isola ,  David Ng

发明人： Ronald R. Manna ,  Theodore A. D. Novak ,  Scott Isola ,  David Ng

IPC分类号： A61B17/00 ,  A61B17/32 ,  A61B19/00 ,  H01H9/06

CPC分类号： A61B17/320068 ,  H01H9/06 ,  A61B2017/0042 ,  A61B2090/0813 ,  H01H2300/014

摘要： A handle assembly of a medical instrument has a handle with an axis extending from a proximal end of the instrument toward a distal end thereof; and an electrical circuit incorporated at least partially in the handle for controlling an application of an action to a patient via the medical instrument. The circuit has a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact each projecting from a surface of the handle. The electrical contacts are spaced from one another. An actuator ring is slidably disposed on the handle and surrounding the same for motion in alternately opposite directions along the handle under the control of an operator. A bridging electrical contact is disposed on the ring for conductively connecting the first and second electrical contacts at a first predetermined longitudinal position of the ring along the handle, thereby closing the circuit at that position of the ring, and for opening the circuit at another longitudinal position of the ring along the handle. Although the invention has been described in terms of particular embodiments and applications, one of ordinary skill in the art, in light of this teaching, can generate additional embodiments and modifications without departing from the spirit of or exceeding the scope of the claimed invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the drawings and descriptions herein are proffered by way of example to facilitate comprehension of the invention and should not be construed to limit the scope thereof.

摘要翻译： 医疗器械的手柄组件具有手柄，该手柄具有从器械的近端向其远端延伸的轴线; 以及至少部分地并入所述手柄中的电路，用于经由所述医疗器械控制对患者的动作的施加。 电路具有从手柄的表面突出的第一电接触和第二电接触。 电触点彼此间隔开。 致动器环可滑动地设置在手柄上并且在操作者的控制下围绕该致动器环围绕其在交替相反的方向上沿手柄运动。 桥接电触头设置在环上，用于在环的第一预定纵向位置处沿着手柄导电地连接第一和第二电触点，从而在环的该位置闭合电路，并且在另一纵向上打开电路 戒指沿手柄的位置。 虽然已经根据特定实施例和应用描述了本发明，但是鉴于该教导，本领域普通技术人员可以在不脱离所要求保护的发明的精神或超出本发明的范围的情况下产生附加的实施例和修改。 因此，应当理解，这里的附图和描述是通过示例的方式提供的，以便于理解本发明，并且不应被解释为限制其范围。

公开(公告)号：US08300431B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-30

申请号：US12718707

申请日：2010-03-05

申请人： Chik Wai (David) Ng ,  Hing Kit Kwan ,  Po Wah (Patrick) Chang ,  Wai Kit (Victor) So ,  Kwok Kuen (David) Kwong

发明人： Chik Wai (David) Ng ,  Hing Kit Kwan ,  Po Wah (Patrick) Chang ,  Wai Kit (Victor) So ,  Kwok Kuen (David) Kwong

IPC分类号： H02M3/335

CPC分类号： H02M3/335

摘要： A fly-back AC-DC power converter has a constant-current control loop that senses the primary output current in a transformer to control the secondary output without an expensive opto-isolator. A primary-side control circuit can use either a Quasi-Resonant (QR) or a Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) control loop to switch primary current through the transformer on and off. A feedback voltage is compared to a primary-side voltage sensed from the primary current loop to turn the switch on and off. A multiplier loop generates the feedback voltage using a multiplier. A level-shift inverter and a low-pass filter act as the multiplier by multiplying an off duty cycle of the switch by the feedback voltage to generate a filtered voltage. A high-gain error amp compares the filtered voltage to a reference voltage to generate the feedback voltage. The multiplier produces a simple relationship between the secondary current and the reference voltage, yielding simplified current control.

摘要翻译： 回扫AC-DC电力转换器具有恒定电流控制回路，其感测变压器中的主要输出电流，以在没有昂贵的光隔离器的情况下控制次级输出。 初级侧控制电路可以使用准谐振（QR）或脉冲宽度调制（PWM）控制回路来切换通过变压器的一次电流的开和关。 将反馈电压与从初级电流回路感测的初级侧电压进行比较，以打开和关闭开关。 乘法器环路使用乘法器产生反馈电压。 电平移位反相器和低通滤波器通过将开关的占空比乘以反馈电压作为乘法器，以产生滤波电压。 高增益误差放大器将滤波电压与参考电压进行比较，以产生反馈电压。 乘法器产生二次电流和参考电压之间的简单关系，产生简化的电流控制。

公开(公告)号：US20110216559A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-08

申请号：US12718707

申请日：2010-03-05

申请人： Chik Wai (David) Ng ,  Hing Kit Kwan ,  Po Wah Chang ,  Wai Kit (Victor) So ,  Kwok Kuen Kwong

发明人： Chik Wai (David) Ng ,  Hing Kit Kwan ,  Po Wah Chang ,  Wai Kit (Victor) So ,  Kwok Kuen Kwong

IPC分类号： H02M3/335

CPC分类号： H02M3/335

摘要： A fly-back AC-DC power converter has a constant-current control loop that senses the primary output current in a transformer to control the secondary output without an expensive opto-isolator. A primary-side control circuit can use either a Quasi-Resonant (QR) or a Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) control loop to switch primary current through the transformer on and off. A feedback voltage is compared to a primary-side voltage sensed from the primary current loop to turn the switch on and off. A multiplier loop generates the feedback voltage using a multiplier. A level-shift inverter and a low-pass filter act as the multiplier by multiplying an off duty cycle of the switch by the feedback voltage to generate a filtered voltage. A high-gain error amp compares the filtered voltage to a reference voltage to generate the feedback voltage. The multiplier produces a simple relationship between the secondary current and the reference voltage, yielding simplified current control.

摘要翻译： 回扫AC-DC电力转换器具有恒定电流控制回路，其感测变压器中的主要输出电流，以在没有昂贵的光隔离器的情况下控制次级输出。 初级侧控制电路可以使用准谐振（QR）或脉冲宽度调制（PWM）控制回路来切换通过变压器的一次电流的开和关。 将反馈电压与从初级电流回路感测的初级侧电压进行比较，以打开和关闭开关。 乘法器环路使用乘法器产生反馈电压。 电平移位反相器和低通滤波器通过将开关的占空比乘以反馈电压作为乘法器，以产生滤波电压。 高增益误差放大器将滤波电压与参考电压进行比较，以产生反馈电压。 乘法器产生二次电流和参考电压之间的简单关系，产生简化的电流控制。

公开(公告)号：US20100164625A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-01

申请号：US12345862

申请日：2008-12-30

申请人： Yat To (William) Wong ,  Chik Wai (David) Ng ,  Ho Ming (Karen) Wan ,  Kam Chuen Wan ,  Kwok Kuen (David) Kwong

发明人： Yat To (William) Wong ,  Chik Wai (David) Ng ,  Ho Ming (Karen) Wan ,  Kam Chuen Wan ,  Kwok Kuen (David) Kwong

IPC分类号： H03F3/45

CPC分类号： H03F3/45197 ,  H03F3/3023 ,  H03F3/45475 ,  H03F2203/45248 ,  H03F2203/45646 ,  H03F2203/45652 ,  H03F2203/45678

摘要： An error amplifier can be used to control a power regulator transistor. The error amplifier has a main amplifier, a pull-up auxiliary amplifier, and a pull-down auxiliary amplifier that all drive an output. A compensating capacitor on the output sets a single dominant pole for all amplifiers, increasing stability. High slew rates are provided by increased slew current from the auxiliary amplifiers that turn on when the differential input has an absolute voltage difference larger than an intentional offset. The intentional offset is introduced into the auxiliary amplifiers by adjusting a p-channel to n-channel transistor ratio in a leg of the auxiliary amplifiers. A source degenerated resistor in the main amplifier reduces supply headroom and increases linearity by connecting sources of two differential transistors that receive the differential input. Cascode transistors increase gain and output impedance. Reliability is increased as no positive feedback is used in the amplifiers.

摘要翻译： 误差放大器可用于控制功率调节晶体管。 误差放大器具有主放大器，上拉辅助放大器和全部驱动输出的下拉辅助放大器。 输出上的补偿电容为所有放大器设置单个主极，从而提高稳定性。 当差分输入具有大于有意偏移的绝对电压差时，来自辅助放大器的增加的转换电流提供高转换速率。 通过调整辅助放大器的一个支路中的p沟道至n沟道晶体管比，将有意的偏移引入辅助放大器。 主放大器中的源极退化电阻通过连接接收差分输入的两个差分晶体管的源极减小了供电余量并增加了线性度。 串联晶体管增加了增益和输出阻抗。 在放大器中没有使用正反馈的情况下，可靠性提高。

公开(公告)号：US07705662B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-27

申请号：US12237500

申请日：2008-09-25

申请人： Chik Wai David Ng ,  Kwok Kuen David Kwong

发明人： Chik Wai David Ng ,  Kwok Kuen David Kwong

IPC分类号： G05F3/02

CPC分类号： G05F3/30

摘要： A bandgap reference voltage generator has a first stage that generates a first current that is complementary-to-absolute-temperature (Ictat) and a second stage that generates a current that is proportional-to-absolute-temperature (Iptat). The Ictat and Iptat currents are both forced through a summing resistor to generate a voltage that is relatively independent of temperature, since the Ictat and Iptat currents cancel out each other's temperature dependencies. A PMOS output transistor drives current to an output load to maintain the load at the reference voltage. An op amp drives the gate of the PMOS output transistor and has inputs connected to emitters of PNP transistors in the second stage. A series of resistors generate the reference voltage between the PMOS output transistor and ground and drives bases of the PNP transistors and includes the summing resistor. Parasitic PNP transistors in an all-CMOS process are used. The generator operates with a 1-volt power supply.

摘要翻译： 带隙参考电压发生器具有产生互补绝对温度（Ictat）的第一电流的第一级和产生与绝对温度成比例的电流（Iptat）的第二级。 Ictat和Iptat电流都被强制通过求和电阻产生一个相对独立于温度的电压，因为Ictat和Iptat电流抵消了彼此的温度依赖性。 PMOS输出晶体管将电流驱动到输出负载以将负载保持在参考电压。 运算放大器驱动PMOS输出晶体管的栅极，并且在第二级中具有连接到PNP晶体管的发射极的输入。 一系列电阻器在PMOS输出晶体管和地之间产生参考电压，并驱动PNP晶体管的基极，并包含求和电阻。 使用全CMOS工艺中的寄生PNP晶体管。 发电机采用1伏电源供电。

公开(公告)号：US6016463A

公开(公告)日：2000-01-18

申请号：US702888

申请日：1996-08-26

申请人： David Ng

发明人： David Ng

IPC分类号： G11B20/14 ,  G11B20/10 ,  G11B20/12 ,  G11B20/18 ,  G11B5/09

CPC分类号： G11B20/10009 ,  G11B20/1816 ,  G11B20/1258

摘要： The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for monitoring a read channel in a disk drive system and calibrating the disk drive system. A comparator is provided to detect the data samples that fall within a pre-programmed distribution window from a number of sectors in each zone of a disk. The output of a comparator is digitized and sent to a logic block to qualify the valid samples. A relative counter or histogram of the detected data samples is obtained. The valid sample count is fed to a n-bit counter that can be accessed via a serial port. The channel parameters can be adjusted based upon a relative figure of merit read off the serial port that reflects the distribution of the samples with respect to the target value after processing a statistically valid number of samples. After the initial calibration, the invention can be switched to count the number of invalid samples that fall outside the distribution window. Based upon the invalid sample count, the invention performs a fine tuning of the read channel system so that the invalid sample count decreases and reaches an acceptable value. The invention can be fully self-contained on chip if desired, and requires no more than the already existing serial port interface hardware, and very simple additional software.

摘要翻译： 本发明公开了一种用于监视磁盘驱动器系统中的读取通道并校准磁盘驱动器系统的方法和装置。 提供比较器以从盘的每个区域中的多个扇区检测落入预编程分布窗口内的数据样本。 比较器的输出被数字化并发送到逻辑块以限定有效采样。 获得检测到的数据样本的相对计数器或直方图。 有效的采样计数被馈送到可以通过串行端口访问的n位计数器。 可以基于在处理统计上有效数量的样本之后反映样本相对于目标值的分布的串行端口的相对品质因数来调整通道参数。 在初始校准之后，可以切换本发明来计算落在分布窗口之外的无效样本的数量。 基于无效的样本计数，本发明对读取通道系统进行微调，使得无效样本计数降低并达到可接受的值。 如果需要，本发明可以完全独立于芯片，并且不需要已有的串行端口接口硬件和非常简单的附加软件。