公开(公告)号：US07333778B2

公开(公告)日：2008-02-19

申请号：US10889567

申请日：2004-07-12

申请人： David R. Pehlke ,  Aristotele Hadjichristos

发明人： David R. Pehlke ,  Aristotele Hadjichristos

IPC分类号： H04B1/04 ,  H03F3/38

CPC分类号： H03C1/06 ,  H03C5/00 ,  H03F1/02 ,  H03F1/0222 ,  H03F1/0261 ,  H03F1/32 ,  H03F3/24 ,  H03F2200/324 ,  H03F2200/456 ,  H03F2200/504 ,  H04B1/04 ,  H04B1/0483 ,  H04B2001/045 ,  H04B2001/0491

摘要： An amplifier circuit includes a power amplifier biased for saturated mode operation, and a controllable current source to provide supply current to the power amplifier. The controllable current source effects desired amplitude modulation of the output signal from the power amplifier by modulating the supply current it provides responsive to an amplitude information signal. In one or more embodiments, the current source includes a circuit that is configured to adjust one or more transmitter operating parameters responsive to detecting changes in the effective DC resistance of the power amplifier. For example, the circuit may generate a compensation signal that reduces the effective DC resistance responsive to detecting that the effective DC resistance has undesirably increased. By way of non-limiting examples, such compensation may be effected by changing a current mirror, an amplifier-to-antenna impedance matching, an amplifier bias or device size, or imposing some form of transmit signal back-off.

摘要翻译： 放大器电路包括偏置用于饱和模式操作的功率放大器和可控电流源，以向功率放大器提供电源电流。 可控电流源通过调制其响应于幅度信息信号提供的电源电流来影响来自功率放大器的输出信号的期望幅度调制。 在一个或多个实施例中，电流源包括被配置为响应于检测功率放大器的有效直流电阻的变化来调整一个或多个发射器操作参数的电路。 例如，电路可以响应于检测到有效DC电阻不期望地增加而产生降低有效DC电阻的补偿信号。 作为非限制性示例，可以通过改变电流镜，放大器到天线阻抗匹配，放大器偏置或器件尺寸或者施加某种形式的发射信号反馈来实现这种补偿。

公开(公告)号：US06232841B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

申请号：US09346097

申请日：1999-07-01

申请人： James L. Bartlett ,  Mau Chung F. Chang ,  Henry O. Marcy, 5th ,  Kenneth D. Pedrotti ,  David R. Pehlke ,  Charles W. Seabury ,  Jun J. Yao ,  Deepak Mehrotra ,  J. L. Julian Tham

发明人： James L. Bartlett ,  Mau Chung F. Chang ,  Henry O. Marcy, 5th ,  Kenneth D. Pedrotti ,  David R. Pehlke ,  Charles W. Seabury ,  Jun J. Yao ,  Deepak Mehrotra ,  J. L. Julian Tham

IPC分类号： H03F304

CPC分类号： H03F3/2176 ,  H01H59/0009

摘要： Power amplifiers having reactive networks (such as classes C, C-E, E and F) employ tunable reactive devices in their reactive networks, with the reactive devices respective reactance values capable of being adjusted by means of respective control signals. The tunable reactive devices are made from micro-electromechanical (MEM) devices capable of being integrated with the control circuitry needed to produce the control signals and other amplifier components on a common substrate. The reactive components have high Q values across their adjustment range, enabling the amplifier to produce an output with a low harmonic content over a wide range of input signal frequencies, and a frequency agile, high quality output. The invention can be realized on a number of foundry technologies.

摘要翻译： 具有无功网络（例如类C，C-E，E和F）的功率放大器在其无功网络中采用可调谐无功装置，其中无功装置可以通过相应的控制信号来调整各自的电抗值。 可调谐无功装置由能够与在公共基板上产生控制信号和其它放大器部件所需的控制电路集成的微机电（MEM）器件制成。 无功分量在其调节范围内具有高Q值，使得放大器能够在宽范围的输入信号频率以及频率灵敏，高质量输出下产生具有低谐波含量的输出。 本发明可以通过多种铸造技术实现。

公开(公告)号：US5834975A

公开(公告)日：1998-11-10

申请号：US815694

申请日：1997-03-12

申请人： James L. Bartlett ,  Mau Chung F. Chang ,  J. Aiden Higgins ,  Henry O. Marcy, 5th ,  Deepak Mehrotra ,  Kenneth D. Pedrotti ,  David R. Pehlke ,  Charles W. Seabury ,  J. L. Julian Tham ,  Jun J. Yao

发明人： James L. Bartlett ,  Mau Chung F. Chang ,  J. Aiden Higgins ,  Henry O. Marcy, 5th ,  Deepak Mehrotra ,  Kenneth D. Pedrotti ,  David R. Pehlke ,  Charles W. Seabury ,  J. L. Julian Tham ,  Jun J. Yao

IPC分类号： H03G1/00 ,  H03G3/30 ,  H03F3/68

CPC分类号： H03F3/72 ,  H03F1/0277 ,  H03F3/211 ,  H03G1/0088

摘要： An integrated, variable gain microwave frequency power amplifier comprises a number of individual amplifier stages which contain microwave frequency active devices. Each stage is fed with a common input signal, and the individual stage outputs are connected to respective micro-electromechanical (MEM) switches which, when closed, connect the individual outputs together to form the power amplifier's output. The power amplifier's gain is determined by the number of outputs connected together. The preferred switch provides low insertion loss and excellent electrical isolation, enabling a number of amplifier stages to be efficiently interconnected to provide a wide dynamic range power amplifier. The switches are preferably integrated on a common substrate with the active devices, eliminating the need for wire bonds and reducing parasitic capacitances. A variable impedance network comprising a number of impedance matching networks selected using MEM switches can be connected to and integrated with a variable gain power amplifier to provide impedance matching that is appropriate for each of the power amplifier's possible output power levels.

摘要翻译： 集成的可变增益微波频率功率放大器包括多个单独的放大器级，其包含微波频率有源器件。 每个级馈入一个公共输入信号，并且各个级输出连接到相应的微机电（MEM）开关，当关闭时，各个输出端连接在一起形成功率放大器的输出。 功率放大器的增益取决于连接在一起的输出数量。 优选的开关提供低插入损耗和优异的电隔离，使得能够高效地互连多个放大器级，以提供宽动态范围功率放大器。 这些开关优选地与有源器件集成在公共衬底上，消除了对引线键合的需要并降低寄生电容。 包括使用MEM开关选择的多个阻抗匹配网络的可变阻抗网络可以连接到可变增益功率放大器并与可变增益功率放大器集成，以提供适合于每个功率放大器的可能输出功率电平的阻抗匹配。

公开(公告)号：US06545541B2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-08

申请号：US09867103

申请日：2001-05-29

申请人： David R. Pehlke ,  James Whartenby

发明人： David R. Pehlke ,  James Whartenby

IPC分类号： H03F304

CPC分类号： H03F1/302 ,  H03F2203/21178

摘要： Embodiments of the present invention provide methods and systems for current sensing for an amplifier using an embedded cell. The embedded cell is a transistor cell from a plurality of transistor cells which is coupled to the other transistor cells so as to block DC current flow between the embedded cell and the other cells and allow AC current to flow between the embedded cell and the other cells. Power may be supplied to the embedded cell through a current sensing circuit, such as a resistor, which senses the DC current drawn by the embedded cell which reflects to the total DC current drawn by the by amplifier. Systems for bias control and for amplitude modulation utilizing embedded cells are also provided.

公开(公告)号：US06232847B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

申请号：US09086181

申请日：1998-05-28

申请人： Henry O. Marcy, 5th ,  Kenneth D. Pedrotti ,  David R. Pehlke ,  Charles W. Seabury ,  Jun J. Yao ,  James L. Bartlett ,  Mau Chung F. Chang ,  Deepak Mehrotra ,  J. L. Julian Tham

发明人： Henry O. Marcy, 5th ,  Kenneth D. Pedrotti ,  David R. Pehlke ,  Charles W. Seabury ,  Jun J. Yao ,  James L. Bartlett ,  Mau Chung F. Chang ,  Deepak Mehrotra ,  J. L. Julian Tham

IPC分类号： H03J320

CPC分类号： H01H59/0009 ,  H01G5/18 ,  H01H2001/0084 ,  H03B2201/0208 ,  H03B2201/0216 ,  H03B2201/025 ,  H03J2200/10

摘要： A high-Q precision integrated reversibly trimmable singleband oscillator and tunable multiband oscillator are presented that overcome the problems laser trimming and solid state switches. This is accomplished using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology to integrate an amplifier and its tunable LC network on a common substrate. The LC network can be configured to provide a very narrow bandwidth frequency response which peaks at one or more very specific predetermined frequencies without de-Qing the oscillator.

摘要翻译： 提出了高Q精密集成可逆微调单频振荡器和可调谐多频振荡器，克服了激光微调和固态开关的问题。 这是通过使用微机电系统（MEMS）技术来实现的，以将放大器及其可调谐LC网络集成在公共基板上。 LC网络可以被配置为提供非常窄的带宽频率响应，其在一个或多个非常特定的预定频率处达到峰值，而没有去清振荡器。

公开(公告)号：US06960956B2

公开(公告)日：2005-11-01

申请号：US09759739

申请日：2001-01-12

申请人： David R. Pehlke ,  Ronald Meadows

发明人： David R. Pehlke ,  Ronald Meadows

IPC分类号： H03F1/02 ,  H03F1/32 ,  H03F1/34 ,  H04B1/04 ,  H04B17/00 ,  H03C1/62

CPC分类号： H03F1/0272 ,  H03F1/3247 ,  H03F1/34 ,  H03F1/345 ,  H03F3/24 ,  H04B1/0475 ,  H04B2001/0433

摘要： An apparatus for monitoring a power amplifier coupled to a transmission medium includes a detector circuit, coupled to the transmission medium, that generates first and second detector signals corresponding to respective fundamental and harmonic components of a power amplifier output signal produced by the power amplifier. A comparing circuit is coupled to the detector circuit and compares the first and second detector signals. The comparing circuit, responsive to a comparison of the first and second detector signals, may generate a signal that indicates linearity of the power amplifier. In some embodiments, the detector circuit may generate the second detector signal without requiring phase information for the harmonic component. In other embodiments, a control circuit controls linearity of the power amplifier responsive to comparison of the first and second detector signals, for example, by controlling power amplifier bias and/or input signal level based on the comparison. Related methods are also discussed.

摘要翻译： 用于监测耦合到传输介质的功率放大器的装置包括耦合到传输介质的检测器电路，其产生对应于由功率放大器产生的功率放大器输出信号的相应基波和谐波分量的第一和第二检测器信号。 比较电路耦合到检测器电路并比较第一和第二检测器信号。 响应于第一和第二检测器信号的比较的比较电路可以产生指示功率放大器的线性度的信号。 在一些实施例中，检测器电路可以产生第二检测器信号，而不需要谐波分量的相位信息。 在其他实施例中，控制电路响应于第一和第二检测器信号的比较来控制功率放大器的线性度，例如通过基于比较来控制功率放大器偏置和/或输入信号电平。 还讨论了相关方法。

公开(公告)号：US06839549B2

公开(公告)日：2005-01-04

申请号：US09738971

申请日：2000-12-14

申请人： David R. Pehlke ,  Aristotle Hadjichristos ,  William O. Camp, Jr.

发明人： David R. Pehlke ,  Aristotle Hadjichristos ,  William O. Camp, Jr.

IPC分类号： H03F1/02 ,  H03F3/60 ,  H04B1/04

CPC分类号： H03F3/602 ,  H03F1/0266 ,  H03F2200/504

摘要： A radio frequency power amplifier circuit provides linear amplitude modulation of a radio frequency output signal while operating in a saturated amplification mode. The power amplifier circuit incorporates a lossy modulator that functions as a variable resistance responsive to an amplitude modulation signal. A supply voltage is coupled to the voltage supply input of the power amplifier circuit through the lossy modulator, such that the supply voltage applied to the power amplifier varies with the amplitude modulation signal. The radio frequency power amplifier circuit modulates the envelope of an RF output signal generated by saturated mode amplification of a constant envelope radio frequency input signal.

摘要翻译： 射频功率放大器电路在以饱和放大模式工作时提供射频输出信号的线性幅度调制。 功率放大器电路包括有损调制器，其响应于幅度调制信号而用作可变电阻。 电源电压通过有损调制器耦合到功率放大器电路的电压源输入，使得施加到功率放大器的电源电压随着幅度调制信号而变化。 射频功率放大器电路调制由恒定包络射频输入信号的饱和模式放大产生的RF输出信号的包络。

公开(公告)号：US06522194B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-18

申请号：US09752052

申请日：2000-12-29

申请人： David R. Pehlke

发明人： David R. Pehlke

IPC分类号： G03C300

CPC分类号： H03C5/00 ,  H03F3/2176

摘要： A apparatus for providing a waveform as a switched input into an output matching network of a standard class E amplifier. The apparatus includes a switch in communication with the input and the combining device receiving amplitude and phase information from the primary waveform. The combining device functions to combine the amplitude and phase information to create a control signal which is used to control the switch and create a secondary waveform for input to the matching network. In this way, an amplitude modulated waveform is amplified at high efficiency, enabling application of either all or part of the phase and/or amplitude modulation at the input of the amplifier.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将波形作为切换输入提供到标准E类放大器的输出匹配网络中的装置。 该装置包括与输入和组合装置通信的开关，其从主波形接收振幅和相位信息。 组合装置用于组合振幅和相位信息以产生用于控制开关的控制信号，并且产生用于输入到匹配网络的次级波形。 以这种方式，幅度调制波形以高效率被放大，使得能够在放大器的输入处施加全部或部分相位和/或幅度调制。

公开(公告)号：US6094102A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-25

申请号：US302535

申请日：1999-04-30

申请人： Mau Chung F. Chang ,  Henry O. Marcy, 5th ,  Kenneth D. Pedrotti ,  David R. Pehlke ,  Charles W. Seabury ,  Jun J. Yao ,  James L. Bartlett ,  J. L. Julian Tham ,  Deepak Mehrotra

发明人： Mau Chung F. Chang ,  Henry O. Marcy, 5th ,  Kenneth D. Pedrotti ,  David R. Pehlke ,  Charles W. Seabury ,  Jun J. Yao ,  James L. Bartlett ,  J. L. Julian Tham ,  Deepak Mehrotra

IPC分类号： B81B3/00 ,  H03L7/089 ,  H03L7/093 ,  H03L7/107 ,  H03L7/18 ,  H03D3/00

CPC分类号： H03L7/107 ,  H03L7/0891 ,  H03L7/093 ,  H03L7/18

摘要： A frequency stabilizer circuit in the form of a charge-pump phase-lock loop utilizing a MEMS capacitance device, preferably a tunable MEMS capacitor or a MEMS capacitor bank, which more rapid and with a greater precision determine the phase and frequency of a carrier signal so that it can be extracted, providing an information signal of interest. Such MEMS devices have the added advantage of providing linear capacitance, low insertion losses, higher isolation and high reliability, they run on low power and permit the entire circuit to be fabricated on a common substrate. The use of the MEMS capacitance device reduces unwanted harmonics generated by the circuit's charge pump allowing the filtering requirements to be relaxed or perhaps eliminated.

摘要翻译： 采用MEMS电容器件，优选可调MEMS电容器或MEMS电容器组的电荷泵锁相环形式的频率稳定器电路，其更快速且更精确地确定载波信号的相位和频率 从而可以提取它，从而提供感兴趣的信息信号。 这样的MEMS器件具有提供线性电容，低插入损耗，更高隔离度和高可靠性的附加优点，它们以低功率运行，并允许整个电路在公共衬底上制造。 使用MEMS电容器件减少了由电路的电荷泵产生的不需要的谐波，从而可以放宽或可能消除滤波要求。

公开(公告)号：US5994985A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-30

申请号：US985564

申请日：1997-12-05

申请人： David R. Pehlke ,  Amit Burstein ,  Mau Chung F. Chang

发明人： David R. Pehlke ,  Amit Burstein ,  Mau Chung F. Chang

IPC分类号： H03B1/00 ,  H03J3/16 ,  H03J3/20

CPC分类号： H03J3/16 ,  H03B2201/0208 ,  H03B2201/0216 ,  H03B2201/025 ,  H03J2200/10

摘要： A high-performance integrable tunable inductor includes a "primary" coil and a "drive" coil placed in close proximity to each other and simultaneously driven with primary and drive currents, respectively. The drive current induces mutual components of inductance in the primary coil which vary with the phase and amplitude relationship between the two currents. These relationships are controlled to precisely establish the impedance of the primary coil, allowing the inductor to be "tuned" to provide a desired inductance or resistance by simply varying the phase and amplitude relationships appropriately. Inductance values tunable over ranges of about 2:1 and Q values of nearly 2000 have been demonstrated. The primary coil can also be made to operate as a relatively large integrated capacitance by setting the phase and amplitude relationships appropriately. The tunable inductor can be fabricated with standard CMOS processes, or any of a number of other processing technologies, and thus integrated into a host of analog circuits for which a highly-integrated implementation is desirable.

摘要翻译： 高性能可积分可调电感器包括一个“初级”线圈和一个“驱动”线圈，它们分别靠近彼此并且同时由主电流和驱动电流驱动。 驱动电流导致初级线圈中的电感的相互分量随着两个电流之间的相位和幅度关系而变化。 控制这些关系以精确地建立初级线圈的阻抗，允许电感通过简单地相位和幅度关系改变来“调谐”以提供期望的电感或电阻。 已经证明了在大约2:1的范围内可调谐的电感值和接近2000的Q值。 通过适当地设定相位和幅度关系，初级线圈也可以作为相对较大的积分电容而工作。 可调谐电感器可以用标准CMOS工艺或许多其它处理技术中的任何一种制造，并因此被集成到需要高度集成的实现的模拟电路的主机中。