公开(公告)号：US5994608A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-30

申请号：US953568

申请日：1997-10-17

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/00

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  A62D3/33 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C04B18/0472 ,  C04B28/04 ,  C04B28/10 ,  C04B28/14 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/302 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  Y02W30/58 ,  Y02W30/91

Abstract: A process for chemical fixation of radionuclides and radioactive compounds present in soils, solid materials,sludges and liquids. Radionuclides and other radioactive compounds are converted to low-temperature Apatite-Group structural isomorphs (general composition: (AB).sub.5 (XO.sub.4).sub.3 Z), usually phosphatic, that are insoluble, non-leachable, non-zeolitic, and pH stable by contacting with a sulfate, hydroxide, chloride, fluoride and/or silicate source and with a phosphate anion in either a one or two step process. The Apatitic-structure end product is chemically altered from the initial material and reduced in volume and mass. The end product can be void of free liquids and exhibits sufficiently high levels of thermal stability to be effective in the presence of heat generating nuclear reactions. The process occurs at ambient temperature and pressure.

Abstract translation: 化学固定在土壤，固体物质，污泥和液体中的放射性核素和放射性化合物的过程。 放射性核素和其他放射性化合物通过接触被转化为低温磷灰石组结构同晶（通常组成：（AB）5（XO4）3Z），通常是磷酸盐，其是不溶的，不可浸出的，非沸石的和pH稳定的 硫酸盐，氢氧化物，氯化物，氟化物和/或硅酸盐源和磷酸盐阴离子以一步或两步法。 磷灰石结构最终产品从初始材料化学改变，体积和质量减小。 最终产品可以没有游离液体，并且表现出足够高的热稳定性水平，以便在发生热反应的情况下有效。 该过程发生在环境温度和压力下。

公开(公告)号：US5193936A

公开(公告)日：1993-03-16

申请号：US721935

申请日：1991-07-23

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl Yost

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl Yost

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D3/36 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/30

CPC classification number: A62D3/33 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/302 ,  G21F9/304 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B2111/00784 ,  Y02W30/91

Abstract: A two-step treatment process is disclosed for application of lead-toxic wastes to fixate and stabilize leachable lead contained therein. The process employs the use of a sulfate compound, such as gypsum, in a first step; and a phosphate reagent, such as phosphoric acid, in a second step. After thorough mixing and curing, a substantially solid end product is formed in which the lead is chemically fixed and remains in stabilized form for indefinite geologic periods. The process reduces Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure lead levels below the regulatory threshold of 5 mg/l as required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The waste also beneficially undergoes volume reduction in a short curing time, and is applicable in a variety of situations.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种两步处理方法，用于应用铅有毒废物固定和稳定其中所含的可浸出铅。 该方法在第一步中使用硫酸盐化合物，例如石膏; 和磷酸试剂，如磷酸，第二步。 在充分混合和固化后，形成基本上固体的最终产物，其中铅是化学固定的并且保持稳定的形式用于无限地质周期。 该过程减少毒性特征浸出程序铅水平低于美国环境保护局要求的5 mg / l的监管阈值。 废物也有利地在短时间内经历体积减少，并且适用于各种情况。

公开(公告)号：US06309337B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-30

申请号：US09611033

申请日：2000-07-06

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

IPC: A62D300

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B18/0472 ,  C04B28/04 ,  C04B28/10 ,  C04B28/14 ,  C04B28/34 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  G21F9/302 ,  Y02W30/58 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  C04B18/0418 ,  C04B18/0463 ,  C04B22/142 ,  C04B22/165 ,  C04B22/143 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C04B14/04 ,  C04B14/303 ,  C04B22/064 ,  C04B22/12

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of forming phosphate mineral species of the apatite family, and the mineral species thus formed, by contacting soil or solid waste material containing leachable lead with a combination of a sulfate reagent that includes one or more reactive sulfate ions and a phosphate supplying reagent that includes one or more reactive phosphate ions. The mineral species are stable, substantially water insoluble and non-leachable under normal environmental conditions. The sulfate reagent is sulfuric acid or alum in liquid or powder form. The phosphate supplying reagent is phosphoric acid, trisodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, mono basic calcium phosphate or dibasic calcium phosphate. In a preferred embodiment, the phosphate supplying reagent is phosphoric acid and the sulfate reagent is sulfuric acid or liquid alum.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种通过将含有可浸出铅的土壤或固体废物与含有一种或多种反应性硫酸根离子的硫酸盐试剂和 磷酸盐供应试剂，其包括一种或多种反应性磷酸根离子。 矿物质在正常环境条件下是稳定的，基本上不溶于水的和不可浸出的。 硫酸盐试剂是液体或粉末形式的硫酸或明矾。 磷酸盐供应试剂是磷酸，磷酸三钠，磷酸钾，单碱式磷酸钙或磷酸氢钙。 在优选的实施方案中，磷酸盐供应试剂是磷酸，硫酸盐试剂是硫酸或液体明矾。

公开(公告)号：US06291736B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-18

申请号：US09426364

申请日：1999-10-25

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

IPC: G21F900

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B18/0472 ,  C04B28/04 ,  C04B28/10 ,  C04B28/14 ,  C04B28/34 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  G21F9/302 ,  Y02W30/58 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  C04B18/0418 ,  C04B18/0463 ,  C04B22/142 ,  C04B22/165 ,  C04B22/143 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C04B14/04 ,  C04B14/303 ,  C04B22/064 ,  C04B22/12

Abstract: A process for chemical fixation of radionuclides and radioactive compounds present in soils, solid materials, sludges and liquids. Radionuclides and other radioactive compounds are converted to low-temperature Apatite-Group structural isomorphs (general composition: (AB)5(XO4)3Z), usually phosphatic, that are insoluble, non-leachable, non-zeolitic, and pH stable by contacting with a sulfate, hydroxide, chloride, fluoride and/or silicate source and with a phosphate anion in either a one or two step process. The Apatitic-structure end product is chemically altered from the initial material and reduced in volume and mass. The end product can be void of free liquids and exhibits sufficiently high levels of thermal stability to be effective in the presence of heat generating nuclear reactions. The process occurs at ambient temperature and pressure.

Abstract translation: 化学固定在土壤，固体物质，污泥和液体中的放射性核素和放射性化合物的过程。 放射性核素和其他放射性化合物通过接触被转化为低温磷灰石组结构同晶（通常组成：（AB）5（XO4）3Z），通常是磷酸盐，其是不溶的，不可浸出的，非沸石的和pH稳定的 硫酸盐，氢氧化物，氯化物，氟化物和/或硅酸盐源和磷酸盐阴离子以一步或两步法。 磷灰石结构最终产品从初始材料化学改变，体积和质量减小。 最终产品可以没有游离液体，并且表现出足够高的热稳定性水平，以便在发生热反应的情况下有效。 该过程发生在环境温度和压力下。

公开(公告)号：US6139485A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-31

申请号：US340903

申请日：1999-06-28

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/30 ,  E02D3/00

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  A62D3/33 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C04B18/0472 ,  C04B28/04 ,  C04B28/10 ,  C04B28/14 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/302 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  Y02W30/58 ,  Y02W30/91

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of treating lead-bearing soils, waste materials and waste material matrixes. The invention relates to treatment methods employed to chemically convert leachable lead in lead-bearing solid and/or liquid waste materials to a non-leachable form by contacting or mixing the material with a chemical reagent that includes a first component which supplies sulphates, halides, halites, silicates or calcium oxide and a second component which supplies a phosphate anion in solution form. The solid and liquid waste materials include contaminated sludges, slurries, soils, wastewaters, spent carbon, sand, wire chips, plastic fluff, cracked battery casings, bird and buck shots and construction debris. The present invention discloses a process comprising a single step mixing lead-bearing hazardous waste with a chemical reagent. The present invention provides a new way of treating a universe of lead-bearing contaminated materials at any pH.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种处理含铅土，废料和废料基质的方法。 本发明涉及用于将含铅固体和/或液体废物中的可浸出铅化学转化为不可浸出形式的处理方法，其通过使材料与化学试剂接触或混合，所述化学试剂包括提供硫酸盐，卤化物， 卤化物，硅酸盐或氧化钙，以及以溶液形式提供磷酸盐阴离子的第二种组分。 固体和液体废物包括污染的污泥，泥浆，土壤，废水，废碳，沙子，线芯片，塑料绒毛，破裂的电池外壳，鸟和屁股和建筑垃圾。 本发明公开了一种包括将含铅危险废物与化学试剂单步混合的方法。 本发明提供了在任何pH下处理含铅污染物质的全新方法。

公开(公告)号：US5569155A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-29

申请号：US440565

申请日：1995-05-12

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/30

CPC classification number: A62D3/33 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/302 ,  G21F9/304 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  Y02W30/91

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of treating lead bearing process materials and lead toxic hazardous wastes. The invention relates to treatment methods employed to chemically convert leachable lead in lead bearing solid and liquid waste materials to a non-leachable form by mixing the material with lime, gypsum and/or phosphoric acid. The solid and liquid waste materials include contaminated sludges, slurries, soils, wastewaters, spent carbon, sand, wire chips, plastic fluff, cracked battery casings, bird and buck shots and tetraethyl lead contaminated organic peat and muck. The present invention discloses a process comprising a single step mixing of one or more treatment additives, and a process comprising a two step mixing wherein the sequence of performing the steps may be reversible. The present invention provides a new way of treating a universe of lead contaminated materials at any pH.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种处理含铅工艺材料和铅有毒危险废物的方法。 本发明涉及用于通过将材料与石灰，石膏和/或磷酸混合来将含铅固体和液体废料中的可浸出铅化学转化为不可浸出形式的处理方法。 固体和液体废物包括污染的污泥，泥浆，土壤，废水，废碳，砂，线屑，塑料绒毛，破裂的电池外壳，鸟和屁股和四乙基铅污染的有机泥炭和泥渣。 本发明公开了一种包括一个或多个处理添加剂的单步混合的方法和包括两步混合的方法，其中执行步骤的顺序可以是可逆的。 本发明提供了在任何pH下处理铅污染物质的全新方法。

公开(公告)号：US5916123A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-29

申请号：US942803

申请日：1997-10-02

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/30 ,  E02D3/00 ,  G21F9/00

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  A62D3/33 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C04B18/0472 ,  C04B28/04 ,  C04B28/10 ,  C04B28/14 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/302 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  Y02W30/58 ,  Y02W30/91

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of treating lead bearing process materials and lead toxic hazardous wastes. The invention relates to treatment methods employed to chemically convert leachable lead in lead bearing solid and liquid waste materials to a non-leachable form by mixing the material with lime, gypsum and/or phosphoric acid. The solid and liquid waste materials include contaminated sludges, slurries, soils, wastewaters, spent carbon, sand, wire chips, plastic fluff, cracked battery casings, bird and buck shots and tetraethyl lead contaminated organic peat and muck. The present invention discloses a process comprising a single step mixing of one or more treatment additives, and a process comprising a two step mixing wherein the sequence of performing the steps may be reversible. The present invention provides a new way of treating a universe of lead contaminated materials at any pH.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种处理含铅工艺材料和铅有毒危险废物的方法。 本发明涉及用于通过将材料与石灰，石膏和/或磷酸混合来将含铅固体和液体废料中的可浸出铅化学转化为不可浸出形式的处理方法。 固体和液体废物包括污染的污泥，泥浆，土壤，废水，废碳，砂，线屑，塑料绒毛，破裂的电池外壳，鸟和屁股和四乙基铅污染的有机泥炭和泥渣。 本发明公开了一种包括一个或多个处理添加剂的单步混合的方法和包括两步混合的方法，其中执行步骤的顺序可以是可逆的。 本发明提供了在任何pH下处理铅污染物质的全新方法。

公开(公告)号：US06635796B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-21

申请号：US09902533

申请日：2001-07-09

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

IPC: G21F900

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B28/34 ,  C04B28/342 ,  C04B28/344 ,  C04B28/346 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  G21F9/302 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  C04B14/041 ,  C04B18/0472

Abstract: A process for chemical fixation of radionuclides and radioactive compounds present in soils, solid materials, sludges and liquids. Radionuclides and other radioactive compounds are converted to low-temperature Apatite-Group structural isomorphs (general composition: (AB)5(XO4)3Z), usually phosphatic, that are insoluble, non-leachable, non-zeolitic, and pH stable by contacting with a suspension containing a sulfate, hydroxide, chloride, fluoride and/or silicate source and a phosphate anion. The Apatitic-structure end product is chemically altered from the initial material and reduced in volume and mass. The end product can be void of free liquids and exhibits sufficiently high levels of thermal stability to be effective in the presence of heat generating nuclear reactions. The process occurs at ambient temperature and pressure.

公开(公告)号：US06258018B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-10

申请号：US09340898

申请日：1999-06-28

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost ,  Steven A. Chisick

IPC: A62D300

CPC classification number: G21F9/304 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C04B18/0472 ,  C04B28/04 ,  C04B28/10 ,  C04B28/14 ,  C04B28/34 ,  C04B2111/00767 ,  E02D3/00 ,  G21F9/302 ,  Y02W30/58 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  C04B22/165 ,  C04B22/143

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of treating heavy metal bearing process materials and heavy metal toxic hazardous wastes. The invention relates to treatment methods employed to chemically convert leachable heavy metals in heavy metal bearing solid and/or liquid waste materials to a non-leachable form by contacting or mixing the material with a chemical suspension which includes a first component which supplies sulphates, halides, halites, silicates or calcium oxide and a second component which supplies a phosphate anion. The solid and liquid waste materials include contaminated sludges, slurries, soils, wastewaters, spent carbon, sand, wire chips, plastic fluff, cracked battery casings, bird and buck shots and construction debris. The present invention discloses a process comprising a single step contacting of a hazardous waste with a two or three component chemical suspension. The present invention provides a new way of treating a universe of heavy metal contaminated materials at any pH.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种处理重金属负载工艺材料和重金属有毒有害废物的方法。 本发明涉及用于将含重金属的固体和/或液体废物中的可浸出重金属化学转化成不可浸出形式的处理方法，其通过使材料与化学悬浮液接触或混合，所述化学悬浮液包括提供硫酸盐，卤化物的第一组分 卤石，硅酸盐或氧化钙，以及提供磷酸盐阴离子的第二组分。 固体和液体废物包括污染的污泥，泥浆，土壤，废水，废碳，沙子，线芯片，塑料绒毛，破裂的电池外壳，鸟和屁股和建筑垃圾。 本发明公开了一种方法，其包括危险废物与两种或三种组分化学悬浮液的单步接触。 本发明提供了在任何pH下处理重金属污染物质的全新方法。

公开(公告)号：US5527982A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-18

申请号：US31461

申请日：1993-03-15

Applicant: Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

Inventor： Dhiraj Pal ,  Karl W. Yost

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/30 ,  E02D3/00

CPC classification number: A62D3/33 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C04B28/34 ,  G21F9/302 ,  G21F9/304 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  Y02W30/91

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of treating lead bearing process materials and lead toxic hazardous wastes. The invention relates to treatment methods employed to chemically convert leachable lead in lead bearing solid and liquid waste materials to a non-leachable form by mixing the material with lime, gypsum and/or phosphoric acid. The solid and liquid waste materials include contaminated sludges, slurries, soils, wastewaters, spent carbon, sand, wire chips, plastic fluff, cracked battery casings, bird and buck shots and tetraethyl lead contaminated organic peat and muck. The present invention discloses a process comprising a single step mixing of one or more treatment additives, and a process comprising a two step mixing wherein the sequence of performing the steps may be reversible. The present invention provides a new way of treating a universe of lead contaminated materials at any pH.