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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06617484B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-09
申请号：US09552460
申请日：2000-04-18
IPC分类号： G21F900
摘要： Method and apparatus for containing, transporting, and storing or disposing of radioactive machinery, including decommissioned nuclear reactor pressure vessels. An improved, economically-produced container is provided which allows easier handling and packaging of machinery within plants where the machinery has been installed, and which provides improved shock absorption and attenuation characteristics, especially when packaging is complete. A reactor pressure vessel or similar item is disconnected from the remainder of the plant and external fittings are trimmed as close to flush with item's exterior as practicable. A storage and containment canister, optionally cut into at least two sections to ease handling and packaging, is placed nearby. The pressure vessel head or any other low-radioactive items are removed, and insulation and other items removed from the outside of the item are placed inside the item's body. The item body is placed into a lower section of the canister and sealed, and detached canister sections are reattached. Gaps between the canister and the RPV body and preferably the interior of the RPV body are filled with grout or low denisity cellular concrete. The canister is closed, and the pressure vessel head or other removed portions are secured to the outside of the canister. Optionally the canister exterior is sealed with a metalizing spray. The complete package is transported for storage or disposal.
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公开(公告)号：US06475296B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-05
申请号：US09744568
申请日：2001-01-25
IPC分类号： G21F900
CPC分类号： G21F9/002 , C11D1/72 , C11D11/0029 , C11D11/0041 , C11D17/003 , C23G1/14
摘要： The present invention relates to a degreasing composition, to a liquid, to a gel and to a degreasing foam which comprise said composition. The composition according to the invention comprises a base, a polyethoxylated fatty alcohol, saturated or unsaturated, a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and water. The invention also relates to a degreasing and/or decontamination process of a surface using said composition, said liquid, said gel, and/or said degreasing foam.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及包含所述组合物的脱脂组合物，液体，凝胶和脱脂泡沫。根据本发明的组合物包含碱，聚乙氧基化脂肪醇，饱和或不饱和的环氧乙烷共聚物 和环氧丙烷，和水。 本发明还涉及使用所述组合物，所述液体，所述凝胶和/或所述脱脂泡沫的表面的脱脂和/或去污处理。
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公开(公告)号：US06743963B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-01
申请号：US09464253
申请日：1999-12-16
IPC分类号： G21F900
摘要： This invention is directed to methods for treating radioactive-containing waste materials. Even more specifically, this invention relates to the prevention of radon emissions by encapsulating the radon in radon-generating waste matter using a chemical additive. Alternatively, the amount of radon escaping into the environment may be minimized by adjusting the shape of the carrier which stores the radon generating waste matter. Additionally, the first two embodiments may be combined to ensure that the radon does not escape into the environment. Finally, polymer sealants may be used as an additional barrier layer.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于处理含放射性废物的方法。 更具体地，本发明涉及通过使用化学添加剂将氡气包埋在产生氡的废物中来防止氡排放。 或者，可以通过调节存储产生氡的废物的载体的形状来最小化逃逸到环境中的氡的量。 另外，前两个实施例可以组合以确保氡不会逃逸到环境中。 最后，聚合物密封剂可以用作附加的阻挡层。
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公开(公告)号：US06525237B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-25
申请号：US09504932
申请日：2000-02-16
IPC分类号： G21F900
CPC分类号： A62D3/30 , A62D3/36 , A62D2101/02 , C11D3/0094 , C11D3/3707 , C11D3/3956 , C11D3/48 , C11D17/041 , Y10S588/901
摘要： A decontamination formulation is provided which is effective against a broad spectrum of chemical and biological warfare agents and radioactive dusts, comprising an active decontamination agent, a co-solvent, a buffer system to optimize the initial reaction pH above 8.5 and more preferably in the range of 10 to 11 for favoring oxidation of VX and HD and hydrolysis of G agents, and a surfactant similar to fire-fighting foaming agent. Formulations comprise, in water by weight, 1% to 15% of a hydrated chloroisocyanuric acid salt, 1% to 10% of a polypropylene glycol co-solvent, 1% to 15% surfactant and a buffer system to initially maintain said formulation at a pH from about 11 to about 8.5 for sufficient duration to effect decontamination. The formulation can be provided in kit form or concentrate form, be prepared, in part, in advance or on site, and be dispensed in foam form which aids in coating and adhering of the decontamination formulation to contaminated surfaces. All ingredients can be pumped through a foam nozzle or water, co-solvent and surfactant can be pumped to the nozzle with solutions of buffer and of active ingredient being introduced at the nozzle for minimizing pump exposure.
摘要翻译： 提供了对广泛的化学和生物战剂和放射性粉尘有效的净化配方，其包括活性去污剂，助溶剂，缓冲体系，以将初始反应pH优化至8.5以上，更优选在该范围内 10至11份，用于VX和HD的氧化和G剂的水解，以及类似于消防发泡剂的表面活性剂。 制剂在水中含有1％至15％的水合氯代异氰脲酸盐，1％至10％的聚丙二醇共溶剂，1％至15％的表面活性剂和缓冲剂体系，以将所述制剂初始维持在 pH为约11至约8.5，持续足够的时间以进行去污。 制剂可以以试剂盒形式或浓缩物形式提供，部分地预先或现场制备，并且以泡沫形式分配，其有助于将去污制剂涂覆和粘附到污染的表面。 所有成分都可以通过泡沫喷嘴或水泵送，共溶剂和表面活性剂可以通过缓冲液和活性成分溶液泵入喷嘴，从而使泵暴露最小化。
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5.发明授权Subgrade radioactive and hazardous waste monolith packaging structural containment system 有权路基放射性和危险废物整体包装结构安全壳系统公开(公告)号：US06512157B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-28
申请号：US09468725
申请日：1999-12-21
IPC分类号： G21F900
摘要： An economical and efficient method for forming a waste containing monolith which meets applicable waste disposal laws, rules and regulations. Removable walls are attached to at least one side of the monolith, thereby forming an interior volume defined by the removable walls and at least one side of the monolith. Waste is placed within the interior volume, whereupon it is submerged in a flowable, curable, monolith forming material (typically concrete) by filling the interior volume with a monolith forming material, and allowing the monolith forming material to cure to a solidified state, thereby forming an expanded monolith integral with the existing monolith. The walls are then removed, thereby leaving the waste encased within said expanded monolith and allowing the removable walls to be reused for further expansion of the monolith.
摘要翻译： 一种经济有效的形成含有废料的整料的方法，符合适用的废物处理法律法规。 可拆卸的壁连接到整料的至少一侧，从而形成由可移除壁和整料的至少一侧限定的内部容积。 废物被放置在内部容积内，然后通过用整料成型材料填充内部容积将其浸没在可流动的，可固化的整料形成材料（通常为混凝土）中，并使整料成型材料固化成固化状态，由此 形成与现有整料一体化的膨胀整体。 然后移除壁，从而将废物封装在所述膨胀的整料中，并允许可移除的壁再次用于整体的进一步膨胀。
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公开(公告)号：US06329563B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-11
申请号：US09354864
申请日：1999-07-16
IPC分类号： G21F900
摘要： The present invention relates to vitrification of ion exchange resins that have become loaded with hazardous or radioactive wastes, in a way that produces a homogenous and durable waste form and reduces the disposal volume of the resin. The methods of the present invention involve directly adding borosilicate glass formers and an oxidizer to the ion exchange resin and heating the mixture at sufficient temperature to produce homogeneous glass.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及已经装载危险废物或放射性废物的离子交换树脂的玻璃化，以产生均匀且耐用的废料形式并降低树脂的处理量。 本发明的方法包括将硼硅酸盐玻璃形成物和氧化剂直接加入到离子交换树脂中，并在足够的温度下加热混合物以产生均匀的玻璃。
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7.发明授权Method to confine plutonium in apatitic ceramics and products obtained using said process 有权将磷酸盐限制在磷灰石陶瓷中的方法和使用所述方法获得的产物公开(公告)号：US06624339B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-23
申请号：US09786894
申请日：2001-03-09
IPC分类号： G21F900
摘要： A phosphosilicate apatite useful as a confinement matrix for radioactive waste, and having the formula: MtCaxLnyHfwPuz−w(PO4)6−u(SiO4)uF2 (I) wherein: M represents an alkaline metal, Ln represents at least one cation selected from lanthanides, and t, x, y, z, w and u are such that: 0≦t≦1, 8≦x≦10, 0≦y≦1, 0
摘要翻译： 可用作放射性废物的约束基质的磷硅酸盐磷灰石，并具有下式：其中：M表示碱金属，Ln表示选自镧系元素，和，x，y，z，w和u中的至少一种阳离子，使得： 0 <= t <= 1,8 <= x <= 10,0 <= y <= 1,0
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公开(公告)号：US06521809B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-18
申请号：US09530810
申请日：2001-02-05
申请人： Alexander Hamilton Smith , Peter Jonathan Watson Rance , Timothy Nicholas Milner , Alistair McLeod Easthope
发明人： Alexander Hamilton Smith , Peter Jonathan Watson Rance , Timothy Nicholas Milner , Alistair McLeod Easthope
IPC分类号： G21F900
摘要： Processes for the treatment of solutions used for the decontamination of radioactively contaminated surfaces wherein the solution contains radioactive metal ions and organic complexing agents are described herein. The processes include treating the solutions with a reagent suitable for the destruction of the complexing agent and contains a metal capable of existing in more than one oxidation state, and raising the pH of the resultant solution to a level at which the metal of the reagent precipitates or flocs out of the solution. Processes in which the contaminated solutions are treated with electromagnetic radiation, treated with UV or visible radiation, and treated at an ambient temperature are also described herein.
摘要翻译： 本文描述了用于处理用于对放射性污染表面进行去污染的溶液的方法，其中溶液含有放射性金属离子和有机络合剂。 这些方法包括用适于破坏络合剂的试剂处理溶液，并含有能够存在于多于一种氧化态的金属，并将所得溶液的pH提高到试剂金属析出的水平 或从解决方案中絮凝。 在这里还描述了用电磁辐射处理污染的溶液，用UV或可见光辐射处理并在环境温度下处理的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US06297419B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-02
申请号：US09087059
申请日：1998-05-29
IPC分类号： G21F900
摘要： This disclosure sets forth a method for processing metal waste incorporating substantial zirconium as exemplified by nuclear fuel rods which include enriched uranium and other nuclear products. This process contemplates conversion of the zirconium and other constituents into oxides by mixing with an acid, subsequently forming a solution or a gel which is either dried or frozen, thereby yielding a green shaped body. The green body is thereafter sintered to form a dimensionally and structurally stable monolith for disposal.
摘要翻译： 本公开提出了一种加工包含大量锆的金属废料的方法，例如包括浓缩铀和其他核产品的核燃料棒。 该方法考虑通过与酸混合将锆和其它组分转化为氧化物，随后形成干燥或冷冻的溶液或凝胶，从而产生生坯体。 然后将生坯烧结以形成用于处理的尺寸和结构稳定的整料。
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10.发明授权Reduction of leachability and solubility of radionuclides and radioactive substances in contaminated soils and materials 失效降低放射性核素和放射性物质在污染土壤和材料中的浸出性和溶解度公开(公告)号：US06291736B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-18
申请号：US09426364
申请日：1999-10-25
申请人： Dhiraj Pal , Karl W. Yost , Steven A. Chisick
发明人： Dhiraj Pal , Karl W. Yost , Steven A. Chisick
IPC分类号： G21F900
CPC分类号： G21F9/304 , A62D3/33 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/43 , B09B3/0041 , B09C1/08 , C02F11/008 , C02F2101/006 , C02F2101/20 , C04B18/0472 , C04B28/04 , C04B28/10 , C04B28/14 , C04B28/34 , C04B2111/00767 , G21F9/302 , Y02W30/58 , Y02W30/91 , C04B18/0418 , C04B18/0463 , C04B22/142 , C04B22/165 , C04B22/143 , C04B7/02 , C04B14/04 , C04B14/303 , C04B22/064 , C04B22/12
摘要： A process for chemical fixation of radionuclides and radioactive compounds present in soils, solid materials, sludges and liquids. Radionuclides and other radioactive compounds are converted to low-temperature Apatite-Group structural isomorphs (general composition: (AB)5(XO4)3Z), usually phosphatic, that are insoluble, non-leachable, non-zeolitic, and pH stable by contacting with a sulfate, hydroxide, chloride, fluoride and/or silicate source and with a phosphate anion in either a one or two step process. The Apatitic-structure end product is chemically altered from the initial material and reduced in volume and mass. The end product can be void of free liquids and exhibits sufficiently high levels of thermal stability to be effective in the presence of heat generating nuclear reactions. The process occurs at ambient temperature and pressure.
摘要翻译： 化学固定在土壤，固体物质，污泥和液体中的放射性核素和放射性化合物的过程。 放射性核素和其他放射性化合物通过接触被转化为低温磷灰石组结构同晶（通常组成：（AB）5（XO4）3Z），通常是磷酸盐，其是不溶的，不可浸出的，非沸石的和pH稳定的 硫酸盐，氢氧化物，氯化物，氟化物和/或硅酸盐源和磷酸盐阴离子以一步或两步法。 磷灰石结构最终产品从初始材料化学改变，体积和质量减小。 最终产品可以没有游离液体，并且表现出足够高的热稳定性水平，以便在发生热反应的情况下有效。 该过程发生在环境温度和压力下。
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