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公开(公告)号：US4987351A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-22
申请号：US464056
申请日：1990-01-11
CPC分类号： H02P27/08 , H02P23/0077
摘要： An AC motor control based on an iterative computation of the motor load and method of accurately determining motor load. At the initiation of motor operation, the load term (%LOAD) is initialized to zero, and the motor is energized in accordance with a predetermined voltage and frequency schedule for producing motor rotation. During the starting interval the power loss term LOSSES and the load term (%LOAD) are iteratively computed as a function of the input voltage and current (V.sub.bus, I.sub.bus) and the motor inverter frequency (IF). When a predetermined motor speed has been achieved, the run mode is initiated. At this point, the load is known based on the iterative load calculations performed during starting, and the motor voltage and inverter frequency are scheduled as a function of motor speed and load. The iterative computation of losses and load continue during the run mode so that changes in the motor load are taken into account.
摘要翻译： 基于电机负载的迭代计算的交流电动机控制和精确确定电动机负载的方法。 在电机运行开始时，负载项（％LOAD）被初始化为零，并且电动机根据用于产生电动机旋转的预定电压和频率调度被激励。 在起动间隔期间，功率损耗项LOSSES和负载项（％LOAD）根据输入电压和电流（Vbus，Ibus）和电机逆变器频率（IF）的函数进行迭代计算。 当达到预定的电动机速度时，启动运行模式。 此时，负载根据启动期间的迭代负载计算而得知，电动机电压和逆变器频率作为电机转速和负载的函数进行调度。 损耗和负载的迭代计算在运行模式下继续运行，从而考虑到电机负载的变化。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4784923A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-15
申请号：US876189
申请日：1986-06-19
申请人： Donald E. Graham
发明人： Donald E. Graham
摘要： Disclosed is a method of producing a hard metal alloy with a surface region enriched with a first component being at least one of the carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of tantalum, niobium, vanadium or combinations thereof wherein the atomic percent ratio of a second component present in the alloy and being selected from the carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of titanium, hafnium and zirconium and combinations thereof to the first component is in the range of from 0 to about 1.5. Also disclosed are hard metal alloys having said surface enriched region which can be used to produce cutting tools which are resistant to galling and crater formation.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种制备具有富含第一组分的表面区域的硬金属合金的方法，所述第一组分是钽，铌，钒或其组合的碳化物，氮化物和碳氮化物中的至少一种，其中存在于 选自钛，铪和锆的碳化物，氮化物和碳氮化合物及其与第一组分的组合的合金的范围为0至约1.5。 还公开了具有所述表面富集区域的硬金属合金，其可用于生产耐磨损和凹坑形成的切削工具。
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公开(公告)号：US4492904A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-08
申请号：US625567
申请日：1984-07-02
申请人： Donald E. Graham
发明人： Donald E. Graham
CPC分类号： B60S1/482 , Y10S15/15 , Y10S318/02
摘要： A windshield wiper control system has operations controlled by single touch actuators. A first such actuator provides for initiation of wiper operation in low speed with the first actuation and alternate high and low speed operation with additional actuations. A second such actuator stops wiper operation and, if actuated while the wiper is not running, initiates a single wipe of the wiper. A further actuator may be provided for initiation of either programmed or operator controlled wash operation, depending on the length of actuation. A final actuator may be provided for two touch intermittent wiper operation, in which the operator sets the delay time by two consecutive touches. Variations are described for either depressed park or non-depressed park systems.
摘要翻译： 挡风玻璃刮水器控制系统具有由单触发执行器控制的操作。 第一个这样的致动器提供了以低速启动刮水器操作，第一致动和另外的高速和低速操作，另外的致动。 第二个这样的执行器停止刮水器操作，并且如果在刮水器不运行时被致动，则启动擦拭器的单次擦拭。 可以提供另外的致动器，用于启动编程或操作者控制的洗涤操作，这取决于致动的长度。 可以为两次触摸间歇刮水器操作提供最终致动器，其中操作者将延迟时间设置为两次连续的触摸。 对于沮丧的公园或非沮丧的公园系统描述变化。
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公开(公告)号：US4436775A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-13
申请号：US381773
申请日：1982-05-25
申请人： Donald E. Graham
发明人： Donald E. Graham
CPC分类号： C23C30/005
摘要： A multi-layered wear resistant article and a method for forming the same is disclosed which is adapted for use with cutting tools. More particularly, the article includes a substrate formed from a cemented sintered metal carbide material such as a tungsten carbide and cobalt composition. A bonding layer formed of elemental boron is provided to increase the adhesion between the substrate and an outer coating of a wear resistant material such as titanium boride. A thin intermediate layer of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride, hafnium carbide, hafnium nitride, hafnium carbonitride, zirconium carbide, zirconium nitride, zirconium carbonitride, or a mixture of any of the foregoing may be interposed between the boron adhesive layer and the substrate to prevent diffusion of boron from the bonding layer into the substrate.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种适用于切削工具的多层耐磨制品及其制造方法。 更具体地，该制品包括由诸如碳化钨和钴组合物的粘结烧结金属碳化物材料形成的基底。 提供由元素硼形成的接合层以增加基底和诸如硼化钛之类的耐磨材料的外涂层之间的粘合性。 碳化钛，氮化钛，碳氮化钛，碳化铪，氮化铪，碳氮化铪，碳化锆，氮化锆，碳氮化锆或上述任何一种的混合物的薄中间层可以插入在硼粘合剂层和 衬底以防止硼从结合层扩散到衬底中。
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公开(公告)号：US4398704A
公开(公告)日：1983-08-16
申请号：US342676
申请日：1982-01-26
IPC分类号： B60G11/28 , B60G15/12 , B60G17/015 , B60G17/019 , B60G17/052 , B60G21/10 , F16F9/50
CPC分类号： B60G11/28 , B60G15/12 , B60G17/0155 , B60G17/01933 , B60G17/0521 , B60G21/106 , B60G2202/312 , B60G2202/314 , B60G2202/412 , B60G2204/111 , B60G2400/252 , B60G2401/172 , B60G2500/205 , B60G2600/02 , Y10S280/01
摘要： Pneumatic suspension system for automotive application in which sprung and unsprung masses are supported by variable volume air spring units and incorporating compressor and exhaust valve devices for supplying an exhausting pressurized air from the units to adjust the height between the masses. A Hall effect device effective across a pressure boundary senses the position of a magnet movable within one of the air spring units and reflects relative movement of the sprung and unsprung masses to effect control of the supply and exhaust of air from the units. By axial movement of the Hall device, dead band width can be established to accommodate normal ride motions between sprung and unsprung components. By rotating the Hall device at any axial position, the vehicle bumper height can be selectively increased or decreased.
摘要翻译： 用于汽车应用的气动悬挂系统，其中弹簧和簧下质量由可变体积的空气弹簧单元支撑并且包括用于从单元供应排出的加压空气以调节质量之间的高度的压缩机和排气阀装置。 在压力边界上有效的霍尔效应装置可感测可在一个空气弹簧单元内移动的磁体的位置，并且反映弹簧和非簧载质量的相对运动，从而实现对来自该单元的空气供应和排出的控制。 通过霍尔装置的轴向运动，可以建立死区宽度以适应弹簧和非簧下部件之间的正常行驶运动。 通过在任何轴向位置旋转霍尔装置，可以选择性地增加或减少车辆保险杠高度。
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公开(公告)号：US4168840A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-25
申请号：US889966
申请日：1978-03-24
申请人： Donald E. Graham
发明人： Donald E. Graham
IPC分类号： B60G17/018 , B60G17/00
CPC分类号： B60G17/018 , B60G2200/314 , B60G2204/11 , B60G2400/252 , B60G2401/00 , B60G2401/17 , B60G2401/172
摘要： An optical switching arrangement including at least one light source connected in a cyclically completed and interrupted electrical energizing circuit and a pair of photosensitive signal generating devices optically coupled thereto through a shuttering arrangement operated by the sprung mass of a motor vehicle produces, when the sprung mass is above and below a predetermined trim band, respective first and second logic signal pairs, each of which is stored until the next different pair is produced. Electrical circuitry responsive to these logic signal pairs produces respective sprung mass high and low signals to which a leveling system is responsive to level the sprung mass within the predetermined trim band. Respective accumulator circuits accumulate the time each of the sprung mass high and low signals is present to effect the inhibiting of the production of each of these signals at the conclusion of a respective predetermined period of time and each is reset to zero upon each occurrence of the opposite one of these signals.
摘要翻译： 一种光学开关装置，其包括连接在循环完成和中断的电激励电路中的至少一个光源和通过由机动车的簧上质量操作的遮光装置与其光学耦合的一对光敏信号产生装置，当弹簧质量 在预定的修剪带之上和之下，各自的第一和第二逻辑信号对，其中每个被存储直到产生下一个不同的对。 响应于这些逻辑信号对的电路产生相应的弹簧质量高和低信号，调平系统响应于对预定的装饰带内的弹簧质量进行平衡。 相应的累加器电路累积了每个弹簧质量高和低信号的存在时间，以在各个预定时间段结束时实现抑制这些信号中的每一个的产生，并且在每次发生时，复位为零 与这些信号相反。
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公开(公告)号：US4138630A
公开(公告)日：1979-02-06
申请号：US813166
申请日：1977-07-05
申请人： Donald E. Graham
发明人： Donald E. Graham
CPC分类号： H02H7/0851
摘要： Electrically operable switching circuitry is effective to energize, in response to the application of a control signal, a commutated electrical motor in a first direction for driving a member driven thereby through a travel stroke and to energize, in response to the removal of the control signal, the motor in a second direction for driving the member driven thereby through another opposite travel stroke and an electrical signal produced while the motor is in the run mode is effective to maintain the switching circuitry operated for motor energization. Upon motor stall when the member driven thereby has reached the end of a travel stroke, the electrical signal produced while the motor is in the "Run" mode terminates and the switching circuitry then operates to deenergize the motor.
摘要翻译： 电动操作的开关电路有效地响应于控制信号的应用而激励换向电动机在第一方向上，以驱动由此驱动的构件通过行程行程并响应于控制信号的去除而被激励 电动机沿第二方向驱动由其驱动的构件通过另一个相反的行进行程和在电动机处于运行模式时产生的电信号有效地保持用于电动机通电的开关电路。 当由此驱动的构件已经到达行程行程结束时，当电动机失速时，电动机处于“运行”模式时产生的电信号终止，并且开关电路然后操作以使电动机通电。
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公开(公告)号：US06109532A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-29
申请号：US60794
申请日：1998-04-15
CPC分类号： B60H1/2218 , G05D23/1912 , G05D23/1917
摘要： A locomotive cab heating system having a plurality of separately actuated heating units housed in a supply air duct and connected to a microcontroller. Preferably, the system includes a high temperature shutdown thermostat. The microcontroller is equipped with memory storing a program that is configured to control the microcontroller to turn on and off a predetermined number of the heating units responsive to temperature readings received from the temperature sensor, thereby maintaining air temperature in the duct within a selected range, regardless of fan speed and air flow rate. By controlling the number of heating units in operation at any given time, the heating system of the present invention controls the heat delivered to a locomotive cab more effectively, thereby ensuring the comfort of the occupants of the cab. The locomotive cab heating system of the present invention is designed to be easily and inexpensively retrofitted to preexisting heating systems.
摘要翻译： 一种机车驾驶室加热系统，具有容纳在供气管道中并连接到微控制器的多个单独致动的加热单元。 优选地，该系统包括高温关闭恒温器。 微控制器配备有存储存储程序的存储器，其被配置为响应于从温度传感器接收的温度读数来控制微控制器打开和关闭预定数量的加热单元，从而将管道中的空气温度保持在选定范围内， 无论风扇速度和风量如何。 通过控制任何给定时间的运行中的加热单元的数量，本发明的加热系统更有效地控制输送到机车的热量，从而确保驾驶室乘客的舒适度。 本发明的机车驾驶室加热系统被设计成容易且廉价地改装到预先存在的加热系统。
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公开(公告)号：US4768716A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-06
申请号：US940453
申请日：1986-12-11
CPC分类号： B60S1/481 , B05B9/06 , Y10T137/86421
摘要： A windshield washer control for a vehicle is responsive to vehicle speed to vary the speed of an electric motor driven pump so as to vary the pump pressure with vehicle speed and thus counteract the downward dislocating effect, increasing with vehicle speed, of air rushing over the windshield, whereby the cleaning fluid is applied to a predetermined target area of the windshield regardless of varying vehicle speed. In addition, the pump may be activated for a time varying inversely with vehicle speed to counteract the variation of volume flow with varying pump pressure and thus cause a substantially constant volume of cleaning fluid to be applied to the windshield for each activation of the pump.
摘要翻译： 用于车辆的挡风玻璃清洗器控制器响应于车辆速度来改变电动机驱动泵的速度，以便以车辆速度改变泵压力，并且因此抵消随着车辆速度而升高的向下位错效应 挡风玻璃，由此将清洁流体施加到挡风玻璃的预定目标区域，而不管车速如何。 此外，泵可以被激活与车辆速度相反的时间变化以抵消具有变化的泵压力的体积流量的变化，并且因此导致基本上恒定体积的清洁流体被施加到挡风玻璃以用于泵的每次启动。
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公开(公告)号：US4665488A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-12
申请号：US678896
申请日：1984-12-06
CPC分类号： B60S1/0814 , Y10S318/02
摘要： A control for separately driven, potentially interfering wiper blades includes position sensors for each wiper blade and a memory which stores, for each pattern, numbers representing inner and outer wipe positions with acceleration, constant velocity and deceleration regions therebetween and a command velocity for the constant velocity regions. The memory further stores numbers defining a zone of potential blade interference and, for each position of each blade within this zone, a non-interference zone for the other blade. The control further includes closed loop velocity control apparatus responsive to the signals from the position sensors and the command velocity to maintain the command velocity in the constant velocity region, accelerate to the command velocity in the acceleration region and decelerate from the command velocity in the deceleration region. The control also synchronizes the wiper blades at each of the inner and outer wipe positions and includes apparatus responsive to signals from the position sensors indicating that both of the blades are within the zone of potential blade interference to derive from the memory, for the position of the blade in advance in the direction of common blade movement, the non-interference zone for the other blade and prevent the other blade from leaving this zone.
摘要翻译： 用于单独驱动的潜在干扰的雨刮器的控制器包括用于每个刮水器叶片的位置传感器和存储器，其针对每个模式存储表示内部和外部擦拭位置的数字，其中加速度，恒定速度和减速区域以及恒定的指令速度 速度区域。 存储器还存储限定潜在叶片干扰区域的数字，并且对于该区域内的每个叶片的每个位置，存储另一个叶片的不干涉区域。 该控制还包括响应于来自位置传感器的信号和指令速度的闭环速度控制装置，以将指令速度保持在恒定速度区域中，加速到加速区域中的指令速度并且从减速中的指令速度减速 地区。 该控制还使擦拭器叶片在每个内部和外部擦拭位置处同步，并且包括响应于来自位置传感器的信号的装置，其指示两个叶片都位于从存储器导出的潜在叶片干扰区域内， 叶片预先沿着普通叶片运动的方向，另一个叶片的不干涉区域，并防止另一个叶片离开该区域。
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