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公开(公告)号：US08441370B2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-14
申请号：US13616326
申请日：2012-09-14
IPC分类号： G01V3/00
摘要： A downhole tool system includes a first downhole tool and a second downhole tool. The first downhole tool includes a first controller operable to receive an actuation signal including a tone. The first controller actuates the first downhole tool if the tone is a first specified frequency and changes the first downhole tool to communicate the actuation signal to the second downhole tool if first downhole tool is not actuated in response to the actuation signal. A second downhole tool includes a second controller operable to receive the actuation signal. The second controller actuates the second downhole tool if the tone is a second specified frequency. The second frequency is different from the first frequency.
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公开(公告)号：US08424455B2
公开(公告)日：2013-04-23
申请号：US13236174
申请日：2011-09-19
IPC分类号： F42C15/34 , E21B43/12 , E21B43/116
CPC分类号： F42D1/04 , E21B43/116 , E21B43/119 , F42C15/32 , F42C15/34 , F42C15/36 , F42D5/00
摘要： An explosive tool is disclosed. The explosive tool comprises a body structure, a charge, a detonator to ignite the charge via propagation of thermal energy, a pressure actuated safety to prevent propagation of sufficient thermal energy to ignite the charge when the pressure actuated safety is subjected to a surface pressure and to not prevent propagation of sufficient thermal energy to ignite the charge when the pressure actuated safety is subjected to at least a predefined pressure threshold, and a temperature actuated safety to prevent propagation of sufficient thermal energy to ignite the charge when the temperature actuated safety is subjected to a surface temperature and to not prevent propagation of sufficient thermal energy to ignite the charge when the temperature actuated safety is subjected to at least a predefined temperature threshold. The charge, the detonator, the pressure actuated safety, and the temperature actuated safety are contained within the body structure.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种爆炸工具。 爆炸工具包括主体结构，电荷，通过热能的传播点燃电荷的雷管，压力致动的安全性，以防止当压力致动的安全受到表面压力时足够的热能传播以点燃电荷; 当压力致动的安全性受到至少预定的压力阈值时，不能防止传播足够的热能来点燃电荷，以及温度启动的安全性，以防止在温度致动的安全性受到影响时充分的热能传播以点燃电荷 达到表面温度，并且当温度启动的安全性经受至少预定的温度阈值时，不能防止足够的热能的传播来点燃电荷。 电荷，雷管，压力驱动的安全性和温度启动的安全性包含在主体结构内。
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公开(公告)号：US20130010572A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-10
申请号：US13616326
申请日：2012-09-14
IPC分类号： G01V1/40
摘要： A downhole tool system includes a first downhole tool and a second downhole tool. The first downhole tool includes a first controller operable to receive an actuation signal including a tone. The first controller actuates the first downhole tool if the tone is a first specified frequency and changes the first downhole tool to communicate the actuation signal to the second downhole tool if first downhole tool is not actuated in response to the actuation signal. A second downhole tool includes a second controller operable to receive the actuation signal. The second controller actuates the second downhole tool if the tone is a second specified frequency. The second frequency is different from the first frequency.
摘要翻译： 井下工具系统包括第一井下工具和第二井下工具。 第一井下工具包括可操作以接收包括音调的致动信号的第一控制器。 如果音调是第一指定频率，则第一控制器致动第一井下工具，并且如果第一井下工具不响应于致动信号而被致动，则改变第一井下工具以将致动信号传送到第二井下工具。 第二井下工具包括可操作以接收致动信号的第二控制器。 如果音调是第二指定频率，则第二控制器致动第二井下工具。 第二频率与第一频率不同。
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公开(公告)号：US5200338A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-06
申请号：US277802
申请日：1988-11-30
CPC分类号： C12N15/76 , C12N9/0065 , C12P1/06 , Y10S435/886
摘要： A newly discovered lignin peroxidase enzyme is provided. The enzyme is obtained from a bacterial source and is capable of degrading the lignin portion of lignocellulose in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme is extracellular, oxidative, inducible by lignin, larch wood xylan, or related substrates and capable of attacking certain lignin substructure chemical bonds that are not degradable by fungal lignin peroxidases.
摘要翻译： 提供了新发现的木质素过氧化物酶。 该酶由细菌来源获得并能够在过氧化氢存在下降解木质纤维素的木质素部分。 该酶是细胞外的，氧化的，由木质素，落叶松木木聚糖或相关底物诱导，并且能够攻击由真菌木素过氧化物酶不可降解的某些木质素亚结构化学键。
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公开(公告)号：US08944162B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-03
申请号：US12520957
申请日：2007-09-18
CPC分类号： G01V5/10 , E21B10/00 , E21B47/00 , G01V5/12 , Y10T307/766 , Y10T307/773 , Y10T307/779
摘要： An apparatus includes a radiation source to output radiation after power is supplied. The apparatus also includes a power source to supply power. The apparatus includes an ambient-activated switch electrically coupled between the radiation source and the power source. The ambient-activated switch is to switch to an open position while a value for an ambient characteristic for the ambient-activated switch is at an ambient level for a surface of the Earth. The ambient-activated switch is to switch to a closed position while the value for the ambient characteristic for the ambient-activated switch is at a downhole ambient level, wherein the ambient-activated switch is to electrically couple the power source to the radiation source while in the closed position.
摘要翻译： 一种装置包括在供电之后输出辐射的辐射源。 该装置还包括供电的电源。 该装置包括电耦合在辐射源和电源之间的环境激活的开关。 环境激活的开关切换到打开位置，而环境激活的开关的环境特性的值在地球表面处于环境水平。 环境激活的开关切换到关闭位置，而环境激活的开关的环境特性的值处于井下环境水平，其中环境激活的开关将电源耦合到辐射源，同时 处于关闭状态。
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6.发明申请System and Method for Selective Activation of Downhole Devices in a Tool String 有权工具串中井下装置的选择性激活的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US20090272529A1
公开(公告)日：2009-11-05
申请号：US12112016
申请日：2008-04-30
申请人： Donald L. Crawford
发明人： Donald L. Crawford
IPC分类号： E21B43/12
CPC分类号： E21B43/1185 , E21B47/10
摘要： A system (100) for selective activation of explosive devices (126, 128, 130, 132) includes a surface controller (102), a downhole controller (106) operable to communicate bidirectionally with the surface controller over a first communication link (108) and a plurality of downhole remote units (114, 116, 118, 120) operable to communicate bidirectionally with the downhole controller (106) over a second communication link (112). One or more sensors (162) are operably associated with the downhole controller (106) and one of the explosive devices (126, 128, 130, 132) is operably associated with each of the downhole remote units (114, 116, 118, 120) such that, responsive to a detonation event, the sensors (162) detect the intensity level of the detonation which is communicated from the downhole controller (106) to the surface control (102) over the first communication link (108).
摘要翻译： 用于选择性地激活爆炸装置（126,128,130,132）的系统（100）包括表面控制器（102），井下控制器（106），可操作以通过第一通信链路（108）与表面控制器双向通信， 以及多个井下远程单元（114,116,118,120），其可操作以通过第二通信链路（112）与所述井下控制器（106）双向通信。 一个或多个传感器（162）可操作地与井下控制器（106）相关联，并且爆炸装置（126,128,130,132）中的一个可操作地与每个井下远程单元（114,116,118,120） ），使得响应于爆震事件，传感器（162）检测通过第一通信链路（108）从井下控制器（106）传送到表面控制（102）的爆震的强度水平。
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公开(公告)号：US6084150A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US799577
申请日：1997-02-12
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/02 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/12 , C02F3/28 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/34 , C12N1/20 , B09B3/00 , C09K17/00
CPC分类号： C02F3/34 , A62D3/02 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/1231 , C02F3/2806 , C02F3/286 , C02F3/30 , C12N1/20 , C12R1/01 , C12R1/145 , C12R1/22 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , C02F2101/003 , Y02E50/343 , Y02W10/15 , Y10S71/903
摘要： Novel methods for biodegrading nitroaromatic compounds present as contaminants in soil or water using microorganisms are disclosed. Water is treatable directly; dry soil is first converted into a fluid medium by addition of water. The preferred method comprises two stages, each employing microorganisms: a fermentative stage, followed by an anaerobic stage. The fermentative stage is rapid, wherein an inoculum of aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms ferments a carbohydrate added to the fluid medium, exhausting the oxygen in the fluid medium and thereby inhibiting oxidative polymerization of amino by-products of the nitroaromatics. In the subsequent anaerobic stage, an inoculum of a mixed population of anaerobic microorganisms completes the mineralization of the contaminant nitroaromatics, using the remaining carbohydrate as a carbon and energy source. Preferably, the carbohydrate is a starch and the aerobic and/or facultative microorganisms are amylolytic, which cleave the starch at a moderate rate throughout both stages, ensuring a sustained supply of metabolizable carbohydrate. The microorganisms are preferably selected to be resistant to the types and concentrations of nitroaromatics present as contaminants.
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公开(公告)号：US5618726A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-08
申请号：US345261
申请日：1994-11-23
申请人： Andrzej Paszczynski , Stefan Goszczynski , Ronald L. Crawford , Donald L. Crawford , Maria B. Pasti
发明人： Andrzej Paszczynski , Stefan Goszczynski , Ronald L. Crawford , Donald L. Crawford , Maria B. Pasti
CPC分类号： C12R1/645 , C09B67/0071
摘要： A composition comprises an azo dye having a lignin-like substitution pattern and an environmentally common microbe, such as Streptomyces or Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The composition may also comprise an azo dye having a lignin-like substitution pattern, an amount of lignin peroxidase effective to degrade the dye, and an amount of veratryl alcohol effective to recycle lignin peroxidase II to lignin peroxidase. The lignin peroxidase may be provided by an environmentally common microbe. Azo dyes substituted with lignin-like groups are completely mineralized by the environmentally common microbe. The biodegradable azo dye preferably includes a first aromatic ring having a first substituent R1 selected from hydroxy or lower alkoxy, a second substituent R2 selected from lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, and a third substituent R3 selected from lower alkoxy or halogen. In especially preferred embodiments the first substituent R.sub.1 is hydroxy and is para to the azo group, and both R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are electron-releasing substituents and are ortho to R.sub.1.
摘要翻译： 组合物包含具有木质素样取代模式的偶氮染料和环境友好的微生物，例如链霉菌或Phanerochaete chrysosporium。 组合物还可以包含具有木质素样取代模式的偶氮染料，有效降解染料的木质素过氧化物酶的量以及有效将木质素过氧化物酶II再循环至木质素过氧化物酶的量的藜芦醇。 木质素过氧化物酶可以由环境上常见的微生物提供。 用木质素样基团取代的偶氮染料被环境常见的微生物完全矿化。 可生物降解的偶氮染料优选包括具有选自羟基或低级烷氧基的第一取代基R 1的第一芳环，选自低级烷基或低级烷氧基的第二取代基R2和选自低级烷氧基或卤素的第三取代基R3。 在特别优选的实施方案中，第一取代基R 1是羟基，并且与偶氮基对位，并且R 2和R 3都是电子释放取代基并且与R 1邻位。
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公开(公告)号：US5486214A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-23
申请号：US930162
申请日：1992-08-12
申请人： Andrzej Paszczynski , Stefan Goszczynski , Ronald L. Crawford , Donald L. Crawford , Maria B. Pasti
发明人： Andrzej Paszczynski , Stefan Goszczynski , Ronald L. Crawford , Donald L. Crawford , Maria B. Pasti
IPC分类号： C09B29/01 , C09B29/08 , C09B29/12 , C09B29/16 , C09B31/065 , C09B67/42 , C12P1/00 , C09B67/02
CPC分类号： C12R1/465 , C09B29/0007 , C09B29/0803 , C09B29/081 , C09B29/12 , C09B29/16 , C09B31/065 , C09B67/0071 , C12P1/00 , C12R1/645
摘要： A biodegradable azo dye contains a nitrogen atom linked to an aromatic ring having a lignin-like substitution pattern. The ring is preferably a syringyl or guaiacol moiety, and provides a naturally-occurring structure for attack by microorganisms, such as Streptomyces or Phanerochaete. In especially preferred embodiments, the aromatic ring has a first substituent R.sub.1 selected from among hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or amino, and a second substituent R.sub.2 selected from among lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and halogen. Some embodiments include a third ring substituent R.sub.3 selected from the group lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, and halogen.
摘要翻译： 可生物降解的偶氮染料含有与具有木质素样取代模式的芳香环连接的氮原子。 环优选是丁香基或愈创木酚部分，并且提供天然存在的结构，用于微生物如链霉菌或Phanerochaete的微生物侵袭。 在特别优选的实施方案中，芳环具有选自羟基，低级烷氧基或氨基的第一取代基R 1和选自低级烷基，低级烷氧基和卤素的第二取代基R 2。 一些实施方案包括选自低级烷基，低级烷氧基和卤素的第三环取代基R3。
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10.发明授权Biological isolates for degrading nitroaromatics and nitramines in water and soils 失效生物分离物在水和土壤中降解硝基芳族化合物和硝胺
公开(公告)号：US5455173A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-03
申请号：US229413
申请日：1994-04-18
CPC分类号： C12R1/145 , A62D3/02 , B09C1/10 , C02F3/1231 , C02F3/2806 , C02F3/286 , C02F3/30 , C02F3/34 , C12N1/20 , C12R1/01 , C12R1/22 , A62D2101/26 , A62D2101/28 , C02F2101/003 , Y02W10/15 , Y10S71/903
摘要： Three individual strains of anaerobic microorganisms are disclosed. Each has an ability to degrade nitroaromatic and nitramine compounds under anaerobic conditions. The strains, identified as LJP-1, SBF-1, and KMR-1, appear to be of Clostridium bifermentans. The strains were isolated from consortia of anaerobic microorganisms grown in a chemostat in which the "munitions" compounds TNT (as a representative nitroaromatic) and "RDX" nad "HMX" (as representative nitramines) were administered as sole sources of carbon for the microorganisms. The isolated strains, either individually or as mixtures thereof, can be used in methods for degrading, under anaerobic conditions (i.e., redox potential
摘要翻译： 公开了三种单独的厌氧微生物菌株。 每个人都有能力在无氧条件下降解硝基芳族和硝胺化合物。 鉴定为LJP-1，SBF-1和KMR-1的菌株似乎是感烟菌。 将菌株从生长在恒温器中的厌氧微生物菌群中分离出来，其中以“弹药”化合物TNT（作为代表性的硝基芳族化合物）和“RDX”nad“HMX”（作为代表性的硝胺））作为微生物的碳源的唯一来源 。 分离的菌株可单独使用或作为其混合物用于在厌氧条件（即，氧化还原电位<-200mV）下降解的方法，水或土壤中的污染性硝基芳族化合物和/或硝胺化合物（作为含水浆料 ，即“流体介质”）。 菌株将在这种流体培养基中单独或与流体介质中存在的其它微生物降解硝基芳族化合物和硝胺。
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