Method and apparatus to reduce thermal stress when starting combined cycle power systems

    公开(公告)号:US20190072006A1

    公开(公告)日:2019-03-07

    申请号:US15731989

    申请日:2017-09-05

    IPC分类号: F01K13/02 F01K23/10 F22D1/00

    摘要: Apparatus and method to wet start the HRSG and combined cycle in the fastest time with minimum thermal stress. This wet start provides the earliest possible cooling steam during acceleration, reducing stress in the superheater, reheater and steam turbine. The gas turbine is started and loaded to full power in the fastest possible time without holds. A once-through HRSG filled with saturated boilerwater including the superheater generates dry steam during acceleration. Start apparatus positions the dryout zone in each superheater tube, controls surge swell, ensures uniform pressure rise, and controls the steam temperature. The superheater generates temperature controlled steam to cool the tubes while heating headers. Superheater and reheater tubes and headers start at saturation and increase to operating with minimum differential temperatures. The superheater evaporating boilerwater supplies constant low temperature dry steam to start the steam turbine without the use of attemporators.

    Magnetic annealing tool heat exchange system and processes
    2.
    发明授权
    Magnetic annealing tool heat exchange system and processes 有权
    磁性退火工具热交换系统及工艺

    公开(公告)号:US07479621B2

    公开(公告)日:2009-01-20

    申请号:US11294477

    申请日:2005-12-06

    IPC分类号: H05B6/10 H01F1/03 H01F1/04

    CPC分类号: H01L21/67109

    摘要: A heat exchange system and processes for a magnetic annealing tool is provided. The system includes a process chamber housing workpieces to be processed; an element chamber partly surrounding the periphery of the process chamber, at least one vacuum for drawing a vacuum in fluid communication with the process chamber and separately with the element chamber in order to apply a vacuum to either or both of the process and element chamber so as to promote radiation heating of the workpieces; at least one supply of fluid in communication with the process chamber and separately with the element chamber to supply a cooling gas so as to promote conductive cooling of the workpieces; a cooling chamber disposed to surround the element chamber; and magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field disposed on the outer periphery of the cooling chamber.

    摘要翻译: 提供了一种用于磁性退火工具的热交换系统和工艺。 该系统包括容纳要处理的工件的处理室; 元件室,其部分地围绕处理室的周边,至少一个真空用于抽取与处理室流体连通的真空并且与元件室分开,以便将真空施加到过程元件室中的任何一个或两者,因此 促进工件的辐射加热; 至少一个与所述处理室连通的流体供应源,并与所述元件室分开供应冷却气体,以促进所述工件的导电冷却; 设置成围绕所述元件室的冷却室; 以及用于产生设置在冷却室的外周上的磁场的磁场发生器。

    Service clusters and method in a processing system with failover capability
    3.
    发明授权
    Service clusters and method in a processing system with failover capability 有权
    具有故障切换功能的处理系统中的服务集群和方法

    公开(公告)号:US07305581B2

    公开(公告)日:2007-12-04

    申请号:US11250154

    申请日:2005-10-13

    IPC分类号: G06F11/00

    摘要: A platform for and method of computer processing to support processor failover are disclosed. A plurality of computer processors are connected to an internal communication network. A virtual local area communication network over the internal network is defined and established. Each computer processor in the virtual local area communication network has a corresponding virtual MAC address and the virtual local area network provides communication among a set of computer processors but excludes the processors from the plurality not in the defined set. A virtual storage space is defined and established with a defined correspondence to the address space of the storage network. In response to a failure by a computer processor, a computer processor from the plurality is allocated to replace the failed processor. The MAC address of the failed processor is assigned to the processor that replaces the failed processor. The virtual storage space and defined correspondence of the failed processor is assigned to the processor that replaces the failed processor. The virtual local area network is reestablished to include the processor that replaces the failed processor and to exclude the failed processor.

    摘要翻译: 公开了一种用于支持处理器故障转移的计算机处理的平台和方法。 多个计算机处理器连接到内部通信网络。 定义并建立内部网络上的虚拟局域网通信网络。 虚拟局域通信网络中的每个计算机处理器具有对应的虚拟MAC地址,并且虚拟局域网提供一组计算机处理器之间的通信,但不排除来自多个处理器的处理器。 以与存储网络的地址空间的定义的对应关系来定义和建立虚拟存储空间。 响应于计算机处理器的故障,分配来自多个的计算机处理器来替换故障处理器。 故障处理器的MAC地址被分配给替换故障处理器的处理器。 故障处理器的虚拟存储空间和定义的对应关系被分配给替换故障处理器的处理器。 重新建立虚拟局域网,以包括替换故障处理器并排除故障处理器的处理器。

    Distributed multicast system and method in a network
    6.
    发明申请
    Distributed multicast system and method in a network 失效
    分布式组播系统和方法在网络中

    公开(公告)号:US20060114903A1

    公开(公告)日:2006-06-01

    申请号:US10999118

    申请日:2004-11-29

    IPC分类号: H04L12/28

    摘要: The invention provides multicast communication using distributed topologies in a network. The control nodes in the network build a distributed topology of processor nodes for providing multicast packet distribution. Multiple processor nodes in the network participate in the decisions regarding the forwarding of multicast packets as opposed to multicast communications being centralized in the control nodes.

    摘要翻译: 本发明使用分布式拓扑在网络中提供组播通信。 网络中的控制节点构建了用于提供组播数据包分发的处理器节点的分布式拓扑。 网络中的多个处理器节点参与关于多播分组的转发的决定,而不是组播通信集中在控制节点中。

    Method and apparatus to control surface texture modification of silicon wafers for photovoltaic cell devices
    8.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus to control surface texture modification of silicon wafers for photovoltaic cell devices 有权
    用于控制光伏电池器件的硅晶片的表面纹理修改的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US09548224B2

    公开(公告)日:2017-01-17

    申请号:US13696730

    申请日:2011-05-11

    摘要: A method and apparatus to modify the surface structure of a silicon substrate or deposited silicon layer in a controllable manner using gas only in an atmospheric environment, suitable for making photovoltaic (PV) wafer based devices. The method and apparatus comprising the steps of disposing the substrate or deposited layer on a moveable carrier; pre-heating the substrate or deposited layer; and moving the substrate or deposited layer for etching through an atmospheric reactor; under an etchant delivering module inside the reactor and applying at least one etchant in gas form at a controlled flow rate and angle to the substrate or deposited layer in the reactor, wherein the at least one etchant gas is selected from the group comprising fluoride-containing gases and chlorine-based compounds. The technical problem that has been solved is the provision of a high throughput dry etching method at atmospheric pressure. This apparatus does not require plasma to aid the etching process using fluoride-containing gases and chlorine-based compounds and is performed at open atmospheric pressure. The use of elemental fluorine, which has a significantly lower bonding energy than any of the other etchants used to date, allows for the use of much lower power energy source to crack the elemental fluorine in to its etching radicals. The apparatus enables the delivery of a predetermined texture finish by controlling the flow rate of the gasses which are bombarded on the surface of the substrate.

    摘要翻译: 一种以可控的方式使用仅在大气环境中使用气体的硅衬底或沉积硅层的表面结构的方法和装置,其适用于制造基于光伏(PV)晶圆的器件。 该方法和装置包括以下步骤:将衬底或沉积层设置在可移动的载体上; 预热衬底或沉积层; 并移动用于刻蚀的衬底或沉积层通过大气反应器; 在所述反应器内部的蚀刻剂输送模块下方,并以与所述反应器中的所述基底或沉积层受控的流速和角度施加气体形式的至少一种蚀刻剂,其中所述至少一种蚀刻剂气体选自含氟化物 气体和氯基化合物。 已经解决的技术问题是在大气压下提供高通量干蚀刻方法。 该装置不需要等离子体来辅助使用含氟气体和氯系化合物的蚀刻工艺,并且在开放的大气压下进行。 与迄今为止使用的任何其它蚀刻剂相比,具有明显降低的键合能量的元素氟使得能够使用更低功率的能量来将元素氟裂解成其蚀刻自由基。 该装置能够通过控制被轰击在基板的表面上的气体的流速来传送预定的纹理完成。

    MAGNETIC ANNEALING TOOL HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM AND PROCESSES
    9.
    发明申请
    MAGNETIC ANNEALING TOOL HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM AND PROCESSES 失效
    磁性退火工具热交换系统及工艺

    公开(公告)号:US20090095737A1

    公开(公告)日:2009-04-16

    申请号:US12330060

    申请日:2008-12-08

    IPC分类号: H05B6/10

    CPC分类号: H01L21/67109

    摘要: A heat exchange system and processes for a magnetic annealing tool is provided. The system includes a process chamber housing workpieces to be processed; an element chamber partly surrounding the periphery of the process chamber, at least one means for drawing a vacuum in fluid communication with the process chamber and separately with the element chamber in order to apply a vacuum to either or both of the process and element chamber so as to promote radiation heating of the workpieces; at least one supply of fluid in communication with the process chamber and separately with the element chamber to supply a cooling gas so as to promote conductive cooling of the workpieces; a cooling chamber disposed to surround the element chamber; and means for generating a magnetic field disposed on the outer periphery of the cooling chamber.

    摘要翻译: 提供了一种用于磁性退火工具的热交换系统和工艺。 该系统包括容纳要处理的工件的处理室; 元件室,其部分地围绕处理室的周边,至少一个装置,用于抽取与处理室流体连通并与元件室分离的真空,以便将过程元件室中的任一个或两者施加真空,从而 促进工件的辐射加热; 至少一个与所述处理室连通的流体供应源,并与所述元件室分开供应冷却气体,以促进所述工件的导电冷却; 设置成围绕所述元件室的冷却室; 以及用于产生设置在冷却室的外周上的磁场的装置。