公开(公告)号：US06330341B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-11

申请号：US08939597

申请日：1997-09-29

Applicant: Darby Simpson Macfarlane ,  David Kenneth Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

Inventor： Darby Simpson Macfarlane ,  David Kenneth Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

IPC: G06K900

CPC classification number: A61B5/448 ,  A45D44/005 ,  A45D2019/0066 ,  A45D2044/007 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0088 ,  A61B5/1034 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  G01J3/462 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/465 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/524 ,  G01J2003/466 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01N2021/8444

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining accurate hair color classifications and appropriate coloring agents to bring about a selected change of color include a table of hair color classifications, a color measuring instrument to arrive at Hunter L, a and b for use in identifying a particular classification from the table and a database that identifies appropriate coloring agents based on a selection of coloring actions from a menu and the classifications of hair color.

Abstract translation: 用于确定准确的毛发颜色分类的方法和装置以及适当的着色剂以引起选择的颜色变化，包括头发颜色分类表，到达猎人L的颜色测量仪器，用于识别特定分类的颜色测量仪器 该表和一个数据库，其基于来自菜单的选择着色动作和毛发颜色的分类来识别适合的着色剂。

公开(公告)号：US06308088B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-23

申请号：US09427658

申请日：1999-10-26

Applicant: Darby Simpson MacFarlane ,  David Kenneth MacFarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

Inventor： Darby Simpson MacFarlane ,  David Kenneth MacFarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

IPC: A61B500

CPC classification number: G01J3/50 ,  A61B5/0088 ,  A61B5/1032 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/443 ,  A61B5/448 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  G01J3/462 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/465 ,  G01J3/52 ,  G01J3/524 ,  G01J2003/466

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the condition of a test subject based on color uses a color measuring instrument to detect change in a color factor indicative of a condition such as a disease, spoilage, ageing, etc. A medical condition such as bilirubinemia that affects skin color can be detected. One measures color factors such as Hunter b and L in the subjects' skin color. For predetermined ranges of one color factor, in particular L, changes in the other color factor, e.g. Hunter b, above predetermined levels are indicative of the medical condition. In many cases, a single measurement of the color factors can be utilized as a warning of the likelihood of the medical or contaminated condition, if the ordinary range of the color factor is known for healthy individuals with skin coloration like that of the test subject. Even if there has been no baseline measurement and the test subject's color is such that a single reading of one or two color factors will not warn of the possible presence of the medical condition or contamination, sequential readings can indicate the presence or absence of the condition based upon changes in the measured color factor, or lack of changes. The color measuring techniques apply to a wide range of biological test subjects (e.g. hair, teeth, tissue, excretions, foods, soil, animals, plants). Methods and apparatus for determining accurate hair color classifications and appropriate coloring agents to bring about a selected change of color include a table of hair color classifications, a color measuring instrument to arrive at Hunter L, a and b for use in identifying a particular classification from the table and a database that identifies appropriate coloring agents based on a selection of coloring actions from a menu and the classifications of hair color.

Abstract translation: 用于基于颜色确定测试对象的状况的方法和装置使用颜色测量仪器来检测指示疾病，腐败，衰老等状况的颜色因子的变化。影响如胆红素血症的医学病症 可检测肤色。 一种可以测量受试者皮肤颜色中的Hunter b和L等颜色因素。 对于一个颜色因子，特别是L的预定范围，另一个颜色因子的变化，例如， 超过预定水平的猎人b表示医疗状况。 在许多情况下，如果颜色因子的普通范围对于具有类似于受检对象的皮肤着色的健康个体是已知的，则颜色因子的单次测量可以用作对医疗或污染状况的可能性的警告。 即使没有基线测量，并且测试对象的颜色使得一个或两个颜色因子的单次读数不会警告可能存在的医疗状况或污染，顺序读数可以指示条件的存在或不存在 基于测量的颜色因子的变化或缺乏变化。 颜色测量技术适用于广泛的生物测试对象（例如，头发，牙齿，组织，排泄物，食物，土壤，动物，植物）。 用于确定准确的毛发颜色分类的方法和装置以及适当的着色剂以引起选择的颜色变化，包括头发颜色分类表，到达猎人L的颜色测量仪器，用于识别特定分类的颜色测量仪器 该表和一个数据库，其基于来自菜单的选择着色动作和毛发颜色的分类来识别适合的着色剂。

公开(公告)号：US6129664A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-10

申请号：US939784

申请日：1997-09-29

Applicant: Darby Simpson Macfarlane ,  David Kenneth Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

Inventor： Darby Simpson Macfarlane ,  David Kenneth Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/103 ,  G01J3/46 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/52

CPC classification number: A61B5/448 ,  A61B5/0088 ,  A61B5/1032 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/443 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/52 ,  G01J3/524 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  G01J2003/466 ,  G01J3/462 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/465

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the condition of a test subject based on color uses a color measuring instrument to detect change in a color factor indicative of a condition such as a disease, spoilage, ageing, etc. A medical condition such as bilirubinemia that affects skin color can be detected. One measures color factors such as Hunter b and L in the subjects' skin color. For predetermined ranges of one color factor, in particular L, changes in the other color factor, e.g. Hunter b, above predetermined levels are indicative of the medical condition. In many cases, a single measurement of the color factors can be utilized as a warning of the likelihood of the medical or contaminated condition, if the ordinary range of the color factor is known for healthy individuals with skin coloration like that of the test subject. Even if there has been no baseline measurement and the test subject's color is such that a single reading of one or two color factors will not warn of the possible presence of the medical condition or contamination, sequential readings can indicate the presence or absence of the condition based upon changes in the measured color factor, or lack of changes. The color measuring techniques apply to a wide range of biological test subjects (e.g. hair, teeth, tissue, excretions, foods, soil, animals, plants). Methods and apparatus for determining accurate hair color classifications and appropriate coloring agents to bring about a selected change of color include a table of hair color classifications, a color measuring instrument to arrive at Hunter L, a and b for use in identifying a particular classification from the table and a database that identifies appropriate coloring agents based on a selection of coloring actions from a menu and the classifications of hair color.

公开(公告)号：US6128516A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-03

申请号：US939583

申请日：1997-09-29

Applicant: Darby Simpson Macfarlane ,  David Kenneth Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

Inventor： Darby Simpson Macfarlane ,  David Kenneth Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/103 ,  G01J3/46 ,  G01J3/52

CPC classification number: A61B5/448 ,  A61B5/0088 ,  A61B5/1034 ,  A61B5/441 ,  G01J3/524 ,  G01J3/528 ,  G01J2003/466 ,  G01J3/462 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/465

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the condition of a test subject based on color uses a color measuring instrument to detect change in a color factor indicative of a condition such as a disease, spoilage, ageing, etc. A medical condition such as bilirubinemia that affects skin color can be detected. One measures color factors such as Hunter b and L in the subjects' skin color. For predetermined ranges of one color factor, in particular L, changes in the other color factor, e.g. Hunter b, above predetermined levels are indicative of the medical condition. In many cases, a single measurement of the color factors can be utilized as a warning of the likelihood of the medical or contaminated condition, if the ordinary range of the color factor is known for healthy individuals with skin coloration like that of the test subject. Even if there has been no baseline measurement and the test subject's color is such that a single reading of one or two color factors will not warn of the possible presence of the medical condition or contamination, sequential readings can indicate the presence or absence of the condition based upon changes in the measured color factor, or lack of changes. The color measuring techniques apply to a wide range of biological test subjects (e.g. hair, teeth, tissue, excretions, foods, soil, animals, plants).

Abstract translation: 用于基于颜色确定测试对象的状况的方法和装置使用颜色测量仪器来检测指示疾病，腐败，衰老等状况的颜色因子的变化。影响如胆红素血症的医学病症 可检测肤色。 一种可以测量受试者皮肤颜色中的Hunter b和L等颜色因素。 对于一个颜色因子，特别是L的预定范围，另一个颜色因子的变化，例如， 超过预定水平的猎人b表示医疗状况。 在许多情况下，如果颜色因子的普通范围对于具有类似于受检对象的皮肤着色的健康个体是已知的，则颜色因子的单次测量可以用作对医疗或污染状况的可能性的警告。 即使没有基线测量，并且测试对象的颜色使得一个或两个颜色因子的单次读数不会警告可能存在的医疗状况或污染，顺序读数可以指示条件的存在或不存在 基于测量的颜色因子的变化或缺乏变化。 颜色测量技术适用于广泛的生物测试对象（例如，头发，牙齿，组织，排泄物，食物，土壤，动物，植物）。

公开(公告)号：US6067504A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-23

申请号：US476809

申请日：1995-06-08

Applicant: Darby Simpson MacFarlane ,  David Kenneth MacFarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

Inventor： Darby Simpson MacFarlane ,  David Kenneth MacFarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

IPC: A45D19/00 ,  A45D44/00 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/103 ,  G01J3/46 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/52 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G06F17/00 ,  G06F19/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/448 ,  A45D44/005 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0088 ,  A61B5/1034 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/524 ,  G01N21/84 ,  A45D2019/0066 ,  A45D2044/007 ,  G01J2003/466 ,  G01J3/462 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/465 ,  G01N2021/8444

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining accurate hair color classificatinos and appropriate coloring agents to bring about a selected change of color include a table of hair color classifications, a color measuring instrument to arrive at Hunter L, a and b values for use in identifying a particular classification from the table and a database that identifies appropriate coloring agents based on a selection of coloring actions from a menu and the classifications of hair color.

Abstract translation: 用于确定准确的头发颜色分类和适当着色剂以产生选择的颜色变化的方法和装置包括头发颜色分类表，到达猎人L的颜色测量仪器，用于识别特定分类的a和b值 从表和数据库，基于从菜单的选择着色动作和头发颜色的分类来识别适合的着色剂。

公开(公告)号：US06437863B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-20

申请号：US09544250

申请日：2000-04-05

Applicant: Darby Simpson Macfarlane ,  David Kenneth Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

Inventor： Darby Simpson Macfarlane ,  David Kenneth Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

IPC: G01J110

CPC classification number: A61B5/448 ,  A61B5/0088 ,  A61B5/1032 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/443 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  G01J3/462 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/465 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/52 ,  G01J3/524 ,  G01J2003/466

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the condition of a test subject based on color uses a color measuring instrument to detect change in a color factor indicative of a condition such as a disease, spoilage, ageing, etc. A medical condition such as bilirubinemia that affects skin color can be detected. One measures color factors such as Hunter b and L in the subjects' skin color. For predetermined ranges of one color factor, in particular L, changes in the other color factor, e.g. Hunter b, above predetermined levels are indicative of the medical condition. In many cases, a single measurement of the color factors can be utilized as a warning of the likelihood of the medical or contaminated condition, if the ordinary range of the color factor is known for healthy individuals with skin coloration like that of the test subject. Even if there has been no baseline measurement and the test subject's color is such that a single reading of one or two color factors will not warn of the possible presence of the medical condition or contamination, sequential readings can indicate the presence or absence of the condition based upon changes in the measured color factor, or lack of changes. The color measuring techniques apply to a wide range of biological test subjects (e.g. hair, teeth, tissue, excretions, foods, soil, animals, plants). Methods and apparatus for determining accurate hair color classifications and appropriate coloring agents to bring about a selected change of color include a table of hair color classifications, a color measuring instrument to arrive at Hunter L, a and b for use in identifying a particular classification from the table and a database that identifies appropriate coloring agents based on a selection of coloring actions from a menu and the classifications of hair color.

Abstract translation: 用于基于颜色确定测试对象的状况的方法和装置使用颜色测量仪器来检测指示疾病，腐败，衰老等状况的颜色因子的变化。影响如胆红素血症的医学病症 可检测肤色。 一种可以测量受试者皮肤颜色中的Hunter b和L等颜色因素。 对于一个颜色因子，特别是L的预定范围，另一个颜色因子的变化，例如， 超过预定水平的猎人b表示医疗状况。 在许多情况下，如果颜色因子的普通范围对于具有类似于受检对象的皮肤着色的健康个体是已知的，则颜色因子的单次测量可以用作对医疗或污染状况的可能性的警告。 即使没有基线测量，并且测试对象的颜色使得一个或两个颜色因子的单次读数不会警告可能存在的医疗状况或污染，顺序读数可以指示条件的存在或不存在 基于测量的颜色因子的变化或缺乏变化。 颜色测量技术适用于广泛的生物测试对象（例如，头发，牙齿，组织，排泄物，食物，土壤，动物，植物）。 用于确定准确的毛发颜色分类的方法和装置以及适当的着色剂以引起选择的颜色变化，包括头发颜色分类表，到达猎人L的颜色测量仪器，用于识别特定分类的颜色测量仪器 该表和一个数据库，其基于来自菜单的选择着色动作和毛发颜色的分类来识别适合的着色剂。

公开(公告)号：US06314372B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-06

申请号：US08657590

申请日：1996-06-07

Applicant: Darby Simpson Macfarlane ,  David Kenneth Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

Inventor： Darby Simpson Macfarlane ,  David Kenneth Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

IPC: G01J346

CPC classification number: A61B5/448 ,  A45D44/005 ,  A45D2019/0066 ,  A45D2044/007 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/0088 ,  A61B5/1034 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  G01J3/462 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/465 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/524 ,  G01J2003/466 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01N2021/8444

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining accurate hair color classifications and appropriate coloring agents to bring about a selected change of color include a table of hair color classifications, a color measuring instrument to arrive at Hunter L, a and b values for use in identifying a particular classification from the table and a database that identifies appropriate coloring agents based on a selection of coloring actions from a menu and the classifications of hair color.

Abstract translation: 用于确定准确的毛发颜色分类的方法和装置和适当的着色剂以引起选择的颜色变化，包括头发颜色分类表，到达猎人L的颜色测量仪器，用于识别特定分类的a和b值 从表和数据库，基于从菜单的选择着色动作和头发颜色的分类来识别适合的着色剂。

公开(公告)号：US5313267A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-17

申请号：US21657

申请日：1993-02-22

Applicant: Darby S. MacFarlane ,  David K. MacFarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer

Inventor： Darby S. MacFarlane ,  David K. MacFarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer

IPC: G01J3/50 ,  A45D44/00 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/103 ,  G01J3/52

CPC classification number: A61B5/448 ,  A45D44/005 ,  A61B5/1034 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  G01J3/52 ,  G01J3/524 ,  G01J3/528 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/465

Abstract: Skin coloration categories are identified based upon blue and yellow undertones of the skin using a color measuring device, developing the Hunter b value, utilizing that value alone to determine which of several categories of skin coloration a subject's skin exhibits. Category selection is made by comparison of measured Hunter b with ranges of Hunter b value of skin color categories. Instrumentation to effect the method includes the color measuring device, a central processing unit (CPU), memory storing the ranges of Hunter b, and an output device such as a printer, LCD, or CRT. The skin color Hunter b is calculated and compared to stored ranges to assign a category. The output device displays the category of skin color based upon the central processing unit's comparison. Colors compatible with skin color categories are identified or formulated based upon broad color family designation, yellow, brown, red, etc., and a comparison of measured and stored ranges of known or specially developed color characteristics for the particular family.

Abstract translation: 基于使用颜色测量装置的皮肤的蓝色和黄色底色来识别皮肤着色类别，开发Hunter b值，单独利用该值来确定受试者皮肤表现出几种类型的皮肤着色中的哪一种。 通过将测量的猎人b与皮肤颜色类别的猎人b值的范围进行比较来进行类别选择。 实现该方法的仪器包括色彩测量装置，中央处理单元（CPU），存储猎人b的范围的存储器以及诸如打印机，LCD或CRT的输出装置。 计算皮肤颜色Hunter b并将其与存储的范围进行比较以分配类别。 输出设备根据中央处理单元的比较显示皮肤颜色的类别。 与皮肤颜色类别相容的颜色基于广泛的颜色系列名称，黄色，棕色，红色等进行识别或配制，以及特定家族已知或特别开发的颜色特征的测量和存储范围的比较。

公开(公告)号：US06271920B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-07

申请号：US09215907

申请日：1998-12-18

Applicant: Darby S. Macfarlane ,  David K. Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

Inventor： Darby S. Macfarlane ,  David K. Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

IPC: G01J352

CPC classification number: G01J3/52 ,  G01J3/0272 ,  G01J3/524

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for calibrating a color measuring instrument with a color standard and verifying the color standard and calibration are provided. One method includes providing a color standard having a surface with at least two different colors (preferably arranged for a simultaneous color measurement), calibrating the instrument, and verifying that said color standard is an authorized color standard of a predetermined specification and that the calibration of the color measuring instrument has achieved predetermined specified results. Some of the provided methods and apparatus use a photosensitive portion of the color standard that changes color in a known way when exposed to a predetermined dose of light. Various color standards for use with this invention are provided.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于校准具有颜色标准的颜色测量仪器并验证颜色标准和校准的方法和设备。 一种方法包括提供具有至少两种不同颜色的表面的颜色标准（优选地布置用于同时进行颜色测量），校准仪器，以及验证所述颜色标准是预定规格的授权颜色标准，并且校准 色彩测量仪器已达到预定的指定结果。 所提供的方法和装置中的一些使用当暴露于预定剂量的光时以已知方式改变颜色的颜色标准的感光部分。 提供了用于本发明的各种颜色标准。

公开(公告)号：US06178341B1

公开(公告)日：2001-01-23

申请号：US09216495

申请日：1998-12-18

Applicant: Darby S. Macfarlane ,  David K. Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr. ,  Hugh S. Fairman

Inventor： Darby S. Macfarlane ,  David K. Macfarlane ,  Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr. ,  Hugh S. Fairman

IPC: A61B500

CPC classification number: G01J3/46 ,  G01J3/462 ,  G01J3/465 ,  G01J3/508 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01J3/52 ,  G01J2003/467

Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring with a Color Measurement System of predetermined specification and evaluating the color of skin, teeth, hair and material substances with a Color Index. The principles of this invention also relate to techniques for using such a Color Measurement System with the Color Index in medical applications such as the detection of chromogenic disease including bilirubin infant jaundice, cosmetics applications and in the evaluation of the color of hair or teeth, and other applications. The Color Index is measured and calculated from the reflectance spectrum of any skin (or teeth, hair or material substance) by a two step process. The first step is the weighting of the visible spectra with a unique set of weighting factors which calculate a sample's reflectance spectrum's contribution to the appearance of four color components independent of the illuminating condition. The second step places the sample's reflectance spectrum's contribution to the appearance of the four color components in opponency to each other and calculates the Color Index providing attributes representative of correlates of lightness-darkness (L, also referred to as lightness), redness-greenness (M) and yellowness-blueness (N).

Abstract translation: 使用预定规格的色彩测量系统进行测量的方法和系统，并用颜色索引评估皮肤，牙齿，头发和物质物质的颜色。 本发明的原理还涉及在医疗应用中使用具有颜色指数的这种颜色测量系统的技术，例如检测包括胆红素婴儿黄疸在内的显色疾病，化妆品应用和对头发或牙齿颜色的评估，以及 其他应用。 颜色指数通过两步法从任何皮肤（或牙齿，毛发或物质物质）的反射光谱测量和计算。 第一步是使用独特的一组加权因子对可见光谱进行加权，这些加权因子可以计算样本的反射光谱对独立于照明条件的四种颜色分量的出现的贡献。 第二步将样本的反射光谱对对方的四个颜色分量的出现作出贡献，并计算提供颜色指数的颜色指数，该属性表示亮度 - 黑暗（L，也称为亮度），发红度（红色） M）和淡黄色（N）。