摘要:
In a method and a circuit for timing pulse generation, a frame pulse of a corresponding system is masked when an alarm signal of either a working system or a protection system is received, a monitoring window which indicates an absorbable range of delay time difference between the frame pulses is generated upon an arrival of the frame pulse of the system selected by a switching signal, when the alarm signal of a system not selected is generated upon selection of the switching signal. Alternatively, a request signal for regenerating the monitoring window which indicates an absorbable range of delay time difference between the frame pulses is provided upon an arrival of the frame pulse of the system selected by the switching signal, when a slip signal is generated upon selection of the switching signal. The monitoring window is generated around the frame pulse selected by the switching signal when the monitoring window generation request signal is received, a read timing pulse common to memories of both systems is generated at a predetermined timing position, and the monitoring window is regenerated when the selected frame pulse deviates from the monitoring window. Alternatively, a correction signal including a number and a direction of bits when a reference timing pulse not selected deviates from the monitoring window is generated to be transmitted, the correction signal is extracted from a main signal received, and a position of the reference timing pulse of the protection system is corrected based on the correction signal, when the protection system is presently selected.
摘要:
A fixed length data processing apparatus has a registration holding unit holding registration information necessary to identify fixed length data that is an object of a processing commonly to transmission routes, and a data processing unit identifying whether received fixed length data is fixed length data that is an object of the processing or not on the basis of at least the registration information in the registration information holding unit to perform a data processing for fault management in the asynchronous communication on the basis of the fixed length data when identifying that the fixed length data is fixed length data that is an object of a processing correspondingly to the transmission route, thereby holding a large volume of information efficiently for identifying fixed length data to process fixed length data with a simple structure.
摘要:
A transmitting apparatus for cross connecting and transmitting main signals which enter via ring-configured transmission lines to which working and protection channels have been assigned in first and second directions, and rescuing a main signal by looping back the main signal in the opposite direction using the protection channel when a transmission line fails. Storing non-rescue information which indicates whether each channel that is the object of rescue by loop-back is a non-rescue channel. Determining whether a failure for which rescue is impossible has occurred in each channel, which is the object of rescue, other than a non-rescue channel. On the basis of main-signal cross-connect information, interchanging a result of discrimination of each channel and inserting the interchanged result of discrimination in the main signal of the corresponding channel after cross connect.
摘要:
A fixed length data processing apparatus has a data processing unit receiving at least fixed length data to perform a desired data processing on the fixed length data, and an operation state monitoring process unit performing a monitoring process to monitor an operation state of an asynchronous communication on the basis of the fixed length data received by said data processing unit, thereby detecting loss or misinsertion of fixed length data such as an ATM cell or the like and monitoring a flow state in a transmission system having a high transmission rate.
摘要:
A liquid crystal device is disclosed wherein a pair of liquid crystal supporting plates each having a molecular alignment controlling film formed thereon through the Langmuir-Blodgett method singly orlaminatedly a monomolecular film having as a main component a polyamide compound having a long-chain alkyl substituent in its side chain and a property to overspread a surface of water to form a monomolecular film is oppositely held via a spacer which is adhered on the side on which the molecular alignment controlling film is formed, and a liquid crystal material is injected and held into the space produced between the films thus oppositely held to each other thereby to align the molecules of liquid crystal to the azimuth parallel to the dipping direction of the substrate. A liquid crystal device thus manufactured exhibits a uniform and indefective molecular alignment condition.
摘要:
A method of producing an optical recording medium according to the present invention includes the steps of forming a recording film on a transparent substrate, recording signals in the form of perforated pit rows on the recording film by a laser beam, and forming a reflection layer on the recording film on which the pit rows have been formed. The recording film is bleached after recording or the laser beam used for recording is selected to have a wavelength different from that of a laser beam used for reproducing so that the recording film is transparent to the laser beam used for reproducing.
摘要:
In a jitter correction method and circuit, combination data combined by adding, to referenced data, an end bit of data 1 clock prior to and a head bit of data 1 clock subsequent to the referenced data is sequentially generated. Each bit of the combination data is sequentially referred. When a change between a referenced bit and a bit directly adjoining the referenced bit is detected, and when a number of references reaches a multiplication number of the oversampling and a change between at least three adjoining bits including the referenced bit is not detected, change position display data regarding the directly adjoining bit as a change bit of the referenced data is generated and the number of references is initialized. When the change is not detected and the number of references does not reach the multiplication number, the number of references is incremented. All the change bits are extracted from the referenced data and the change position display data, and a data reproduction is performed corresponding to the multiplication number.
摘要:
A transmission device which cross connects channels on a synchronous multiplex transmission network which forms a ring, and which performs restoration of communication by looping back signals in a protection path when a failure occurs includes a memory area which stores information for determining whether an alarm indication signal needs to be inserted in a channel or not, wherein the size of the memory area corresponds to the number of channels targeted for the restoration, and a part which inserts said alarm indication signal in a channel by switching results of the determination according to predetermined information. Further, the transmission device may switch and recover a path without skipping an event which arises between polling accesses by a CPU of said transmission device. Furthermore, the transmission device may include a part, provided in each interface part, which performs phase adjusting of channel signals.
摘要:
A digital phase locked circuit provides an output clock signal whose phase is synchronous with the phase of an input clock signal under a desired level of a phase absorption characteristic even if the input clock signal is supplied in a burst fashion. A phase comparing part compares the phase of the output clock signal with the phase of the input clock signal. A phase comparison result detecting part outputs an INC/DEC request signal for controlling a division operation based on a phase comparison signal. An execution rate computing part computes a phase difference between the input clock signal and the output clock signal based on the INC/DEC request signal and outputs an execution rate corresponding to the phase difference. A clock generating part controls a division operation for the master clock signal in accordance with the INC/DEC request signal and changes phase absorption speed of the output clock signal in accordance with the execution rate.
摘要:
A highly efficient method for cleaning a substrate, whereby in the cleaning of the substrate, {circle around (1)} in a short time, {circle around (2)} both particle contaminants and metal contaminants can be removed, and {circle around (3)} a problem associated therewith, such as re-deposition of contaminants or a dimensional change due to etching, can be remarkably reduced, and which has the following characteristics.A method for cleaning a surface of a substrate, which comprises at least the following steps (1) and (2), wherein the step (2) is carried out after carrying out the step (1):Step (1): A cleaning step of cleaning the surface of the substrate with an alkaline cleaning agent containing a completing agent, andStep (2): A cleaning step employing a cleaning agent having a hydrofluoric acid content C (wt %) of from 0.03 to 3 wt %, wherein the cleaning time t (seconds) of the substrate with said cleaning agent is at most 45 seconds, and C and t satisfy the relationship of 0.25≦tC1.29≦5.