Abstract:
A draw solute for forward osmosis may include a copolymer including a first structural unit, where a temperature-sensitive side chain is graft polymerized, and a second structural unit including a hydrophilic functional group. The temperature-sensitive side chain may include a structural unit for a side chain including a temperature-sensitive moiety. The temperature-sensitive moiety may be represented by Chemical Formula 1, Chemical Formula 2, or Chemical Formula 3: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or a linear or branched C3 to C5 alkyl group, provided that at least one of R1 and R2 is not hydrogen, R3 is a C3 to C5 alkylene group, and R4 is a linear or branched C3 to C5 alkyl group. The draw solute may be used to form an osmosis draw solution for use in a forward osmosis water treatment device and method.
Abstract:
Example embodiments relate to a membrane, a method of manufacturing the same, and a composite membrane including the same. The membrane may include a polyacrylonitrile-based copolymer that includes a hydrophobic side chain and/or a hydrophobic repeating unit. The membrane may include a skin layer and a porous layer. A thickness ratio of the skin layer relative to the porous layer may be about 0.01 or less. The skin layer may have a thickness of about 1 μm or less. The membrane may have a relatively high water flux. When using the membrane, a water treatment module having higher energy efficiency may be achieved.
Abstract:
An organic/inorganic fouling resistant composite compound is disclosed, which includes a core of a polyhedron of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and at least one arm connected to a silicon atom of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. The at least one arm includes a vinyl-based first structural unit including at least one ethylene oxide group at a side chain of the vinyl-based first structural unit and an oleophobic vinyl-based second structural unit including a silicon group at the side chain.
Abstract:
The capacitive fingerprint sensor according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention includes: a fingerprint sensing electrode Cfp for sensing a human fingerprint; a first transistor T1 in which the amount of currents flowing therethrough changes depending on an output voltage of the fingerprint sensing electrode Cfp; a second transistor T2 in which the amount of currents flowing therethrough changes due to a difference between the currents flowing through the first transistor T1; and a third transistor T3 which resets a gate electrode of the first transistor T1 and provides capacitive coupling with the gate electrode of the first transistor T1 via a pulse signal.
Abstract:
A hybrid porous structure may include a base template and an ionic polymer coating layer within the base template. The structural framework of the base template itself is non-porous. The base template fills the gaps among a plurality of imaginary spherical bodies stacked in three-dimensions as an imaginary stack. The ionic polymer coating layer is laminated on an inner surface of the base template inside the imaginary spherical bodies. The imaginary spherical bodies may have a pore in the center which is not occupied by the ionic polymer coating layer. The hybrid porous structure may include a plurality of necks, which are openings formed in a contact part where adjacent imaginary spherical bodies contact each other. The necks may be interconnected to the pores located in the center part of the imaginary spherical bodies.
Abstract:
Example embodiments relate to a separation membrane including at least one polymer including a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, Chemical Formula 1 may be as described in the detailed description. Example embodiments also relate to a forward osmosis device including the separation membrane, methods of preparing the polymer of the separation membrane, and methods of manufacturing the separation membrane.
Abstract:
Example embodiments relate to a polyacrylonitrile-based copolymer, a method for manufacturing a membrane including the same, a membrane including the same, and a water treatment module using the same. A membrane according to an example embodiment may include a polyacrylonitrile-based copolymer including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and/or a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 3. The definitions of the above Chemical Formulae 1, 2, and/or 3 may be the same as in the detailed description. Accordingly, the membrane may allow the attainment of a relatively high water permeation amount and a water treatment module having a relatively high energy efficiency.
Abstract:
A mobile terminal having an identification system is disclosed. The mobile terminal comprises a display unit for displaying an image, a transceiver unit for providing wireless transmission and reception, a fingerprint identification unit for detecting direction data from at least one fingerprint movement of a user, and a controller for controlling an operation to be performed in response to the direction data.
Abstract:
Disclosed a method for dry etching a semiconductor wafer by a plasma generated between a power-supplied first electrode and a grounded second electrode. After the bottom surface of the edge of the wafer is in contact with the first electrode, and the top surface of the edge and the side surface of the wafer are etched by ionized plasma species generated by the plasma discharge of reactive ion etching. Then, after the upper surface of the edge of the wafer is in contact with the second electrode, and the bottom surface of the edge and the side surface of the wafer are etched by radicalized plasma species generated by the plasma discharge of plasma etching.
Abstract:
An organic/inorganic composite compound for fouling resistance may include a core and at least an arm. The core may be formed of a polyhedron of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. At least one arm may be connected to a Si atom of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. The arm may include a vinyl-based first structural unit including at least one ethylene oxide group at the side chain, and a hydrophobic vinyl-based second structural unit.