摘要:
A method for manufacturing a full color, reflective display includes the steps of depositing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with a first electrode and a second plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with a second electrode. The electrophoretic display elements include a capsule containing a species of particles dispersed in a suspending fluid. The selective deposition of the display elements can be achieved by ink-jet printing methods, screen printing methods or other printing methods. In some embodiments the electrodes are printed onto the substrate before selective deposition of the display elements, while in other embodiments the substrate is provided having the electrodes already disposed on it. In still other embodiments, the sequence of printing of electrodes and electrophoretic display elements can be varied.
摘要:
The invention relates to electro-optic displays and methods for driving such displays. The invention provides (i) electrochromic displays with solid charge transport layers; (ii) apparatus and methods for improving the contrast and reducing the cost of electrochromic displays; (iii) apparatus and methods for sealing electrochromic displays from the outside environment and preventing ingress of contaminants into such a display; and (iv) methods for adjusting the driving of electro-optic displays to allow for environmental and operating parameters.
摘要:
An electrophoretic display comprises a fluid and a plurality of nanoparticles having diameters substantially less the wavelengths of visible light such that, when the nanoparticles are in a dispersed state and uniformly dispersed throughout the fluid, the fluid presents a first optical characteristic, but when the nanoparticles are in an aggregated state in which they are gathered into aggregates substantially larger than the individual nanoparticles, the fluid presents a second optical characteristic different from the first optical characteristic. The electrophoretic display further comprises at least one electrode arranged to apply an electric field to the nanoparticle-containing fluid and thereby move the nanoparticles between their dispersed and aggregated states. Various compound particles comprising multiple nanoparticles, alone or in combination with larger objects, and processes for the preparation of such compound particles, are also described.
摘要:
Disclosed is a process for forming images which comprises (a) generating an electrostatic latent image; (b) contacting the latent image with a developer comprising a colorant and a substantial amount of a vehicle with a melting point of at least about 25° C., said developer having a melting point of at least about 25° C., said contact occurring while the developer is maintained at a temperature at or above its melting point, said developer having a viscosity of no more than about 500 centipoise and a resistivity of no less than about 108 ohm-cm at the temperature maintained while the developer is in contact with the latent image; and (c) cooling the developed image to a temperature below its melting point subsequent to development. Specific processes disclosed include electrophoretic development processes, polarizable liquid development processes, and photoelectrophoretic development processes. Optionally, the developed image is transferred to a substrate subsequent to development.
摘要:
Disclosed is a process for forming images which comprises generating an electrostatic image on an imaging member, developing the electrostatic image with a toner, optionally transferring the developed toner image from the imaging member to a substrate, applying to the developed toner image a curable liquid in which the toner is at least partially soluble, and curing the liquid to a solid.
摘要:
A method for reducing the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate in a sulfite-containing aqueous medium is disclosed and comprises adding to the medium water-soluble polyethyleneamine having at least one secondary amine and two primary amines.
摘要:
The present disclosure is directed to oligomeric phosphonic acid derivatives which possess excellent chlorine resistance and acceptable calcium tolerance and which, at substoichiometric amounts, inhibit the formation of scale in aqueous mediums. Additionally, the oligomers have been found to be quite active as dispersants for particulate matter contained in an aqueous medium.
摘要:
The present disclosure is directed to oligomeric phosphonic acid derivatives which possess excellent chlorine resistance and acceptable calcium tolerance and which, at substoichiometric amounts, inhibit the formation of scale in aqueous mediums. Additionally, the oligomers have been found to be quite active as dispersants for particulate matter contained in an aqueous medium.
摘要:
Novel addressing schemes for controlling electronically addressable displays include a scheme for rear-addressing displays, which allows for in-plane switching of the display material. Other schemes include a rear-addressing scheme which uses a retroreflecting surface to enable greater viewing angle and contrast. Another scheme includes an electrode structure that facilitates manufacture and control of a color display. Another electrode structure facilitates addressing a display using an electrostatic stylus. Methods of using the disclosed electrode structures are also disclosed. Another scheme includes devices combining display materials with silicon transistor addressing structures.
摘要:
The present invention relates to dispersions comprising particulate materials and a solvent, with an optional dispersant. The solvent has a low dielectric constant, and the particulate material is present at high loading levels. The resulting dispersion has been found to be stable and have a low viscosity, even at high particulate material loadings. Various uses for these dispersions are also disclosed.