Abstract:
An improved reference loop for a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) uses an approximate 50% duty cycle to improve the DC performance and the drift of the DAC at mid-scale. The 50% duty cycle also allows the DAC to provide the same performance over all outputs irrespective of the number of bits supplied to each input. The 50% duty cycle for the reference loop may be obtained from one of the DAC system outputs by forcing that output to supply a square wave output signal which may be used as input for the reference loop. The reference loop may alternatively be supplied by a DAC clock that is divided to obtain the desired 50% duty cycle input to the reference loop, in which case all outputs of the DAC are available for system output.
Abstract:
An operational amplifier that may be fabricated on an integrated circuit is disclosed. Three precision emitter followers and four additional transistors comprise the major components of the op-amp. Two of the precision emitter followers are connected to the inverting and non-inverting inputs of the op-amp, respectively. The outputs of these two precision emitter followers are connected together to form a differential pair of precision emitter followers. Four additional transistors are used to convert the differential output of the precision emitter follower differential pair to a single-ended output and to provide gain. Two of the four additional transistors are used to mirror the currents in the drive transistors of the differential pair of precision emitter followers. These two mirrored currents are then fed to the drive and sense transistors of a current mirror respectively to convert the differential currents into a single-ended voltage. This single-ended output is coupled to the third precision emitter follower that is used as an output stage.
Abstract:
A housing carries a male push-lock precision BNC connector. The function of the BNC latch of the male connector carried therein is performed by a spring-biased lock ring captive in a housing and that fits snugly and concentrically over a male sleeve, resulting in a double shell of two rigidly attached cylindrical portions that are coaxial, coextensive, yet separated to accept a BNC female shell. The double shell is held captive by anchoring it to the inside of the housing. The male sleeve has a slot and/or cut-away portion to accept the forward travel of the bayonet pins, which, when the connector halves are engaging, extend beyond the thickness of the sleeve and into the region occupied by the lock ring. The lock ring has grooves having various portions that engage the bayonet pins. As the housing containing these male parts is without rotation moved toward the female connector, the lock ring rotates as the grooves contact the bayonet pins. After sufficient angular rotation the grooves allow the two connector halves to approach each other without further rotation of the lock ring. After the male and female halves are essentially fully mated along the axial direction, the grooves clear the bayonet pins, and a bias spring rotates the lock ring, whose grooves now present a path at right angles to the axial path. The lock ring now blocks the separation of the connector halves. To create the tension needed to draw the precision BNC connector parts firmly together, the grooves resume a shallow angled path (ramp). The bias spring continues to provide the force to rotate the lock ring. Eventually the bayonet pins resist any further motion of the lock ring. The lock ring has a thumb tab that extends out from the housing to allow the motion of the lock ring to be reversed when removing the push-lock connector.
Abstract:
An electrical probe is provided for use with an electrical instrument, such as an oscilloscope. The probe includes a probe body, a sensing element affixed to the probe body for sensing an electrical parameter and a storage device containing probe information that uniquely identifies the probe. The probe information is electronically transferred from the storage device to the electrical instrument when the probe is connected to the electrical instrument. The electrical instrument stores calibration information that is associated with the probe. The electrical instrument uses the probe information received from the storage device in the probe to access the associated calibration information. The accessed calibration information is used to calibrate measurements made with the probe.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for automatically acquiring and storing a waveform measurement using a measuring instrument having a video display, such as an oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer, is disclosed. According to the invention, an operator first instructs the measuring instrument to automatically measure a probed waveform one or more times and to automatically store at least one selected sample set representing each probed waveform measurement. Thereafter, the operator is not required to interact with the measuring instrument during a measurement or series of measurements. Once measurement acquisition and storage is automatically completed, the measuring instrument alerts the operator by providing at least one indication for each selected sample set stored. The invention offers several advantages, for example, by allowing the operator to focus on a measurement probe in contact with a waveform source, instead of diverting his or her attention to observe the graphic display or otherwise interact with the measurement instrument during one or more measurement operations.
Abstract:
A precision bipolar digital-to-analog converter (DAC) allows a first DAC channel to provide significantly reduced bipolar zero offset voltage. By supplying an additional DAC output as input to the first DAC channel, bipolar zero offset voltage in the first channel may be significantly reduced.
Abstract:
A high efficiency non-dissipative snubber circuit suitable for most power supplies used in international markets is disclosed. Circuit uses diode-capacitor-inductor structure to capture input voltage equivalent and reverse polarity on snubber capacitor. No external voltage source is required.
Abstract:
A mass-producible, cost-effective discrete electrical protection device utilizing a precision gap between two electrically conductive members attached to an electrically insulating substrate to provide over-voltage protection to an electrical device. In one aspect, the electrical protection device is a surface mountable device. In another aspect, the device has through-holes for accommodating leads on an electrical connector. Methods are provided also for making the electrical protection device.
Abstract:
A power supply includes a voltage regulator for generating a regulated voltage in response to an input voltage and an error signal, first and second output terminals connected to the voltage regulator for coupling the power supply to a load, first and second sense terminals and a sensing circuit for generating the error signal. The sensing circuit includes a high input impedance differential amplifier having first and second inputs respectively coupled to the first and second sense terminals for measuring a sense voltage between the sense terminals. The power supply may be operated in a remote sensing mode or in a local sensing mode. In the local sensing mode, no connections are required between the sense terminals and the output terminals.