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    Methods and Systems for Biologically Producing Methanol
    1.
    发明申请
    Methods and Systems for Biologically Producing Methanol 审中-公开
    生物制甲醇的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US20140093928A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-04-03

    申请号：US13991921

    申请日：2011-12-08

    申请人： Kartik Chandran

    发明人： Kartik Chandran

    IPC分类号： C12P7/04

    CPC分类号： C12P7/04 ,  C12M21/12 ,  C12M29/06 ,  C12M41/48

    摘要： A method for biologically producing methanol is disclosed. In some embodiments, the method includes the following: providing a biomass including ammonia oxidizing bacteria having ammonia monooxygenase enzymes and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase enzymes; feeding ammonia to the ammonia oxidizing bacteria; feeding a non-substrate-organic compound including methane to the ammonia oxidizing bacteria; feeding oxygen and reducing equivalents (in the form of hydroxylamine) to the ammonia oxidizing bacteria; oxidizing the ammonia using the ammonia monooxygenase enzymes in the ammonia oxidizing bacteria to generate hydroxylamine and oxidizing the hydroxylamine using the hydroxylamine oxidoreductase enzymes to form nitrite; and partially oxidizing the methane in the compound using the ammonia monooxygenase enzymes in the ammonia oxidizing bacteria to generate methanol.

    摘要翻译： 公开了生物制备甲醇的方法。 在一些实施方案中，该方法包括以下：提供包含具有氨单加氧酶和羟胺氧化还原酶的氨氧化细菌的生物质; 向氨氧化细菌喂氨; 向氨氧化细菌喂养包括甲烷的非底物有机化合物; 向氨氧化细菌喂养氧气和还原当量（以羟胺的形式）; 在氨氧化细菌中使用氨单加氧酶氧化氨以产生羟胺并使用羟胺氧化还原酶氧化羟胺以形成亚硝酸盐; 并使用氨氧化细菌中的氨单加氧酶部分氧化化合物中的甲烷以产生甲醇。

    Methods and Systems for Producing Products Using Engineered Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria
    2.
    发明申请
    Methods and Systems for Producing Products Using Engineered Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria 审中-公开
    使用工程氨氧化细菌生产产品的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US20130052689A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-02-28

    申请号：US13650824

    申请日：2012-10-12

    申请人： Scott Banta ,  Kartik Chandran ,  Alan West

    发明人： Scott Banta ,  Kartik Chandran ,  Alan West

    IPC分类号： C12P7/16 ,  C12P19/00 ,  C12P13/04 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C12M1/42

    CPC分类号： C12M35/00 ,  C12P1/04 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12P7/52 ,  C12P7/54 ,  Y02E50/10

    摘要： Methods and systems for producing a biofuel using genetically modified ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: providing an AOB that have been genetically modified to include a particular metabolic pathway to enable them to generate a particular biofuel or chemical; feeding a first source of ammonia to the AOB; feeding carbon dioxide to the AOB; and producing at least the biofuel or chemical, nitrite, and an AOB biomass. In some embodiments, the methods and systems include the following: a bioreactor including AOB that have been genetically modified to include a particular metabolic pathway to enable them to generate a particular biofuel; a first source of ammonia; a source of carbon dioxide; and a electrochemical reactor that is configured to electrochemically reduce nitrite produced in the bioreactor to a second source of ammonia.

    摘要翻译： 公开了使用转基因氨氧化细菌（AOB）生产生物燃料的方法和系统。 在一些实施方案中，所述方法包括以下：提供经遗传修饰以包括特定代谢途径以使其能够产生特定生物燃料或化学品的AOB; 向AOB提供第一个氨源; 向二氧化碳供应二氧化碳; 并生产至少生物燃料或化学品，亚硝酸盐和AOB生物质。 在一些实施方案中，所述方法和系统包括以下：包含AOB的生物反应器，所述生物反应器已被遗传修饰以包括特定的代谢途径以使其能够产生特定的生物燃料; 第一个氨源; 二氧化碳来源; 以及电化学反应器，其被配置为将生物反应器中产生的亚硝酸盐电化学还原成第二个氨源。

    Biomass As A Sustainable Energy Source
    3.
    发明申请
    Biomass As A Sustainable Energy Source 审中-公开
    生物质作为可持续能源来源

    公开(公告)号：US20100167369A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-07-01

    申请号：US12515475

    申请日：2007-11-20

    申请人： Marco J. Castaldi ,  Kartik Chandran

    发明人： Marco J. Castaldi ,  Kartik Chandran

    IPC分类号： C12P5/02 ,  C12M1/00

    CPC分类号： C10L3/08 ,  C01B3/386 ,  C01B3/48 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/06 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/1023 ,  C01B2203/1058 ,  C01B2203/1064 ,  C01B2203/84 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02P20/145

    摘要： Methods and systems for increasing the generation of methane from a biomass are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method includes the following: decomposing a biomass to produce an gaseous effluent including methane; decomposing a portion of the gaseous effluent in the presence of catalysts to form a decomposed stream including hydrogen, carbon monoxide; converting substantially all of the carbon monoxide in the decomposed stream to carbon dioxide to produce a feed stream including hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and mixing the feed stream with the biomass to facilitate decomposition of the biomass. In some embodiments, the system includes a bioreactor for generating methane from a biomass and additional devices for producing a feed stream including hydrogen and carbon dioxide that is recirculated to the bioreactor to accelerate the production of methane. The additional devices include a catalytic reforming reactor and a shift reactor.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于增加生物质产生甲烷的方法和系统。 在一些实施方案中，该方法包括以下步骤：分解生物质以产生包括甲烷的气态流出物; 在催化剂存在下分解一部分气态流出物以形成包含氢气，一氧化碳的分解物流; 将分解流中的基本上所有的一氧化碳转化为二氧化碳以产生包含氢气和二氧化碳的进料流; 并将进料流与生物质混合以促进生物质的分解。 在一些实施方案中，该系统包括用于从生物质产生甲烷的生物反应器和用于产生包含氢气和二氧化碳的进料流的附加装置，所述进料流再循环到生物反应器以加速甲烷的产生。 附加装置包括催化重整反应器和换档反应器。

    Systems and methods for achieving partial nitrification in a biological nitrogen removal reactor
    6.
    发明授权
    Systems and methods for achieving partial nitrification in a biological nitrogen removal reactor 有权
    在生物除氮反应器中实现部分硝化的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US08586337B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-11-19

    申请号：US12681123

    申请日：2008-10-06

    申请人： Kartik Chandran ,  Ran Yu ,  Joon Ho Ahn

    发明人： Kartik Chandran ,  Ran Yu ,  Joon Ho Ahn

    IPC分类号： C12P1/04 ,  C12M1/00

    CPC分类号： C02F3/006 ,  C02F3/02 ,  C02F2101/16 ,  C02F2103/001 ,  C02F2103/06 ,  C02F2103/20 ,  C02F2209/06 ,  C02F2209/14 ,  C02F2209/22 ,  C02F2209/44 ,  C02F2303/00 ,  Y02W10/15

    摘要： Methods of controlling a nitrification reaction in a biological nitrogen removal reactor to favor partial nitrification of ammonia to nitrite instead of complete oxidation of ammonia to nitrate are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: maintaining a pH in the reactor within a range that promotes growth of ammonia oxidizing bacteria; maintaining a concentration of dissolved oxygen in the reactor within a range that limits the ammonia oxidizing bacteria from completing nitrification; selecting an operational solids retention time within a range suitable for maintaining increasing concentrations of the ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the reactor while reducing concentrations of nitrite oxidizing bacteria in the reactor; and increasing a concentration of free ammonia in the reactor thereby inhibiting growth of the nitrite oxidizing bacteria in the reactor.

    摘要翻译： 公开了在生物除氮反应器中控制硝化反应以有利于将氨部分硝化成亚硝酸盐而不是氨完全氧化成硝酸盐的方法。 在一些实施方案中，所述方法包括以下步骤：将反应器中的pH保持在促进氨氧化细菌生长的范围内; 在限制氨氧化细菌完成硝化的范围内保持反应器中溶解氧的浓度; 选择在适于维持反应器中氨氧化细菌浓度增加的范围内的操作固体停留时间，同时减少反应器中亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的浓度; 并增加反应器中游离氨的浓度，从而抑制反应器中亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的生长。

    Systems and Methods for Sustainable Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment
    7.
    发明申请
    Systems and Methods for Sustainable Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment 审中-公开
    可持续污水和生物固体处理系统与方法

    公开(公告)号：US20110076519A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-03-31

    申请号：US12679554

    申请日：2008-10-06

    申请人： Kartik Chandran ,  Timothy Chang

    发明人： Kartik Chandran ,  Timothy Chang

    IPC分类号： H01M8/16

    CPC分类号： C02F3/005 ,  C02F2001/46133 ,  C02F2305/06 ,  H01M8/16 ,  Y02E60/527

    摘要： Methods of sustainable wastewater and biosolids treatment using a bioreactor including a microbial fuel cell are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: enriching an anode of the microbial fuel cell in the bioreactor with a substantially soluble electron acceptor; growing the bacteria in the presence of the anode enriched with a substantially soluble electron acceptor; oxidizing a substrate using the bacteria to produce free electrons; channeling the free electrons away from a terminal electron acceptor and to the enriched anode, the enriched anode serving as an electron acceptor; and carrying the free electrons from the enriched anode to a cathode of the microbial fuel cell to generate electricity.

    摘要翻译： 公开了使用包括微生物燃料电池的生物反应器的可持续废水和生物固体处理方法。 在一些实施方案中，所述方法包括以下：用基本上可溶的电子受体富集生物反应器中微生物燃料电池的阳极; 在富含基本上可溶的电子受体的阳极存在下生长细菌; 使用细菌氧化底物以产生自由电子; 将自由电子引导离开终端电子受体和富集的阳极，富集的阳极用作电子受体; 并将自由电子从富集阳极运送到微生物燃料电池的阴极以发电。

    Method and apparatus for providing reserved rates to multiple flows on a network interface
    8.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for providing reserved rates to multiple flows on a network interface 有权
    用于向网络接口上的多个流提供保留速率的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06801500B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-10-05

    申请号：US09574638

    申请日：2000-05-18

    申请人： Kartik Chandran

    发明人： Kartik Chandran

    IPC分类号： H04L512

    CPC分类号： H04L47/10 ,  H04L12/5602 ,  H04L47/215 ,  H04L2012/5637 ,  H04L2012/5681

    摘要： The disclosed system provides management of multiple flows at a network device interface such as a router interface to assure maximum usage of the bandwidth available on the physical line while guaranteeing minimum reserved rates for individual flows. It accomplishes this by monitoring usage of a peak rate and a reserved rate for each data flow handled by the interface.

    摘要翻译： 所公开的系统提供在诸如路由器接口的网络设备接口处的多个流的管理，以确保物理线路上可用的带宽的最大使用，同时保证个体流的最小保留速率。 它通过监视由接口处理的每个数据流的峰值速率和保留速率的使用来实现。

    Methods and assays for treating filoviridae infections
    9.
    发明授权
    Methods and assays for treating filoviridae infections 有权
    治疗丝状病毒感染的方法和试验

    公开(公告)号：US09234885B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-01-12

    申请号：US13979179

    申请日：2012-01-24

    申请人： Kartik Chandran ,  Sean Whelan ,  Thijn Brummelkamp ,  Jan Carette ,  Matthijs Raaben

    发明人： Kartik Chandran ,  Sean Whelan ,  Thijn Brummelkamp ,  Jan Carette ,  Matthijs Raaben

    IPC分类号： G01N33/50 ,  A61K31/55 ,  A61K31/566 ,  C12Q1/70 ,  G01N33/569 ,  A61K31/5685

    CPC分类号： G01N33/5035 ,  A61K31/55 ,  A61K31/566 ,  A61K31/5685 ,  C12N2760/14034 ,  C12N2760/14111 ,  C12N2760/14211 ,  C12N2760/20243 ,  C12Q1/70 ,  G01N33/56983

    摘要： Methods and assays for treating a subject with a filovirus infection using an agent that inhibits Niemann-Pick CI (NPCI), VPSII, VPSI6, VPSI8, VPS33A, VPS39, VPS41, BLOCISI, BLOCIS2, GNPTAB, PIKFYVE, ARHGAP23 or FIG4. Methods for screening for an agent that treats and/or prevents infection of a subject with a filovirus, where the methods comprise determining whether the agent inhibits one or more of Niemann-Pick CI (NPCI), VPSII, VPSI6, VPSI8, VPS33A, VPS39, VPS41. BLOCISI, BLOCIS2, GNPTAB, PIKFYVE, ARHGAP23 or FIG4, wherein an agent that inhibits one or more of NPCI, VPSII, VPSI6, VPSI8, VPS33A, VPS39, VPS41, BLOCISI, BLOCIS2, GNPTAB, PIKFYVE, ARHGAP23 or FIG4 is a candidate for treating and/or preventing an infection with a filovirus and wherein an agent that does not inhibit NPCI, VPSII, VPSI6, VPSI8, VPS33A. VPS39, VPS41, BLOCISI, BLOCIS2, GNPTAB, PIKFYVE, ARHGAP23 or FIG4 is not a candidate for treating and/or preventing an infection with a filovirus.

    摘要翻译： 使用抑制Niemann-Pick CI（NPCI），VPSII，VPSI6，VPSI8，VPS33A，VPS39，VPS41，BLOCISI，BLOCIS2，GNPTAB，PIKFYVE，ARHGAP23或FIG4的药物治疗患有病毒感染的受试者的方法和测定法。 用于筛选治疗和/或预防患有病毒感染受试者的药剂的方法，其中所述方法包括确定该药物是否抑制Niemann-Pick CI（NPCI），VPSII，VPSI6，VPSI8，VPS33A，VPS39中的一种或多种 ，VPS41。 BLOCISI，BLOCIS2，GNPTAB，PIKFYVE，ARHGAP23或FIG4，其中抑制NPCI，VPSII，VPSI6，VPSI8，VPS33A，VPS39，VPS41，BLOCISI，BLOCIS2，GNPTAB，PIKFYVE，ARHGAP23或FIG4中的一种或多种的药剂是 治疗和/或预防感染病毒，并且其中不抑制NPCI，VPSII，VPSI6，VPSI8，VPS33A的药剂。 VPS39，VPS41，BLOCISI，BLOCIS2，GNPTAB，PIKFYVE，ARHGAP23或FIG4不是用于治疗和/或预防感染病毒的候选物。