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公开(公告)号：US6107726A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-22
申请号：US41278
申请日：1998-03-11
申请人： Craig D. Near , Brian G. Pazol , Leslie J. Bowen
发明人： Craig D. Near , Brian G. Pazol , Leslie J. Bowen
CPC分类号： H01L41/0926 , H01L41/0986
摘要： A serpentine cross-section piezoelectric linear actuator includes a unitary, densified, rigid, monolithic piezoelectric or electrostrictive ceramic body, the body including a top, four sides generally normal to and interconnected with the top, a base generally normal to and interconnected with the sides, and two or more ceramic layers including a top ceramic layer providing the top, a bottom ceramic layer providing the bottom, and, optionally, one or more intermediate ceramic layers, the layers being disposed parallel to and superimposed over one another. Each ceramic layer except the top ceramic layer is joined at a first side to one of the ceramic layers adjacent thereto by a first ceramic bridge and each ceramic layer except the bottom ceramic layer is joined at a second side opposite the first side to another of the ceramic layers adjacent thereto by a second ceramic bridge. First and second cavities extend into the ceramic body from the first and second sides, respectively, the first cavities alternating with the second cavities in the ceramic body, so that the ceramic body has a serpentine cross-section. The body further includes a first electrode and a second electrode, each of an electrically conductive material. The first and second electrodes are disposed along and bonded to the first and second sides, respectively, of the body for activation of the actuator. The actuator may be poled and electroded in, e.g., a d.sub.33, d.sub.15, or d.sub.31, configuration for linear expansion of the actuator.
摘要翻译： 蜿蜒截面的压电线性致动器包括单一的，致密的，刚性的，整体的压电或电致伸缩陶瓷体，该主体包括顶部，大致垂直于顶部和与之相互连接的四个侧面，大体上垂直于并与其相互连接的基部 ，以及包括提供顶部的顶部陶瓷层，提供底部的底部陶瓷层和可选地一个或多个中间陶瓷层的两个或更多个陶瓷层，所述层平行并叠置在彼此上。 除了顶部陶瓷层之外的每个陶瓷层通过第一陶瓷桥连接到与其相邻的陶瓷层中的一个陶瓷层，并且除了底部陶瓷层之外的每个陶瓷层在与第一侧相反的第二侧接合 与第二陶瓷桥相邻的陶瓷层。 第一和第二空腔分别从第一和第二侧延伸到陶瓷体中，第一空腔与陶瓷体中的第二空腔交替，使得陶瓷体具有蛇形横截面。 主体还包括第一电极和第二电极，每个电极材料。 第一和第二电极分别设置在主体的第一侧和第二侧上并且被结合到致动器的启动中。 致动器可以被极化并且被电化为例如d33，d15或d31的构造，用于致动器的线性膨胀。
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公开(公告)号：US4949095A
公开(公告)日：1990-08-14
申请号：US277179
申请日：1988-11-29
IPC分类号： H01Q1/42
CPC分类号： H01Q1/42 , C03B19/095
摘要： A new and improved fused silica radome is discussed. The radome has a density equal to or greater than 95 percent of theoretical density, an average bend strength equal to or greater than 10 Kpsi, a thermal expansion of about 0.3.times.10.sup.-6 .degree. C., a dielectric constant of about 3.8 at X-Band frequencies, a loss tangent of about 0.002 at X-Band frequencies, an average modulus of rupture greater than 10 Kpsi from room temperature to 1000.degree. C., and no crystalline phase present. The radome is made by an arc fusion process in which a quartz powder is placed within a graphite mold, then shaped by centrifugal force as the mold is rotated. An arc is then struck between electrodes within the mold cavity. The quartz powder fuses to form a dense silica radome which is removed from the mold after the fusion occurs.
摘要翻译： 讨论了一种新的改进的熔融二氧化硅天线罩。 雷达罩的密度等于或大于理论密度的95％，平均弯曲强度等于或大于10Kpsi，热膨胀约为0.3×10 -6℃，X-射线介电常数约为3.8， 频带频率，X频带频率下的损耗角正切大约为0.002，从室温到1000℃的平均断裂模数大于10 Kpsi，并且不存在结晶相。 雷达罩通过电弧熔合法制成，其中将石英粉置于石墨模具内，然后在模具旋转时通过离心力成形。 然后在模腔内的电极之间撞击电弧。 石英粉熔融形成密集的二氧化硅天线罩，在发生融合后从模具中取出。
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公开(公告)号：US06579600B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-17
申请号：US08686495
申请日：1996-07-25
IPC分类号： B32B2714
CPC分类号： H01G4/30 , H01G4/302 , Y10S428/901 , Y10T428/24777 , Y10T428/24826 , Y10T428/24917 , Y10T428/24926
摘要： A multilayer capacitor includes a unitary, net-shape molded dielectric ceramic body having first and second cavities molded into at least one side to divide the ceramic body into a plurality of ceramic layers disposed generally parallel to the top. The first cavities alternate with the second cavities in the ceramic body. Each of the ceramic layers except an uppermost and a lowermost of the ceramic layers is joined at one edge to one ceramic layer adjacent thereto by a first ceramic bridge and at the same or a different edge to another ceramic layer adjacent thereto by a second ceramic bridge. The first and second cavities are filled with one or more materials to form first and second electrically conductive electrode layers, respectively, each electrode layer being bonded to the ceramic layers adjacent thereto. The first electrode layers are electrically interconnected to provide a first set of electrode layers, and the second electrode layers are electrically interconnected to provide a second set of electrode layers alternating with and electrically isolated from the first set electrode layers in the body.
摘要翻译： 多层电容器包括整体的网状模制的电介质陶瓷体，其具有模制在至少一个侧面中的第一和第二空腔，以将陶瓷体分成多个平行于顶部设置的陶瓷层。 第一腔与陶瓷体中的第二腔交替。 除了陶瓷层的最上部和最下面的陶瓷层之外，通过第一陶瓷桥将一个边缘与其相邻的陶瓷层在一个边缘处接合，并且在与第二陶瓷桥相邻的另一个陶瓷层的相同或不同的边缘处 。 第一和第二空腔填充有一种或多种材料以分别形成第一和第二导电电极层，每个电极层与邻近的陶瓷层结合。 第一电极层电互连以提供第一组电极层，并且第二电极层电互连以提供与主体中的第一组电极层交替并与其电隔离的第二组电极层。
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公开(公告)号：US6111818A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-29
申请号：US080746
申请日：1998-05-18
申请人： Leslie J. Bowen , Craig D. Near
发明人： Leslie J. Bowen , Craig D. Near
CPC分类号： B06B1/0655 , H01L27/20 , H01L41/37 , H04R17/00 , H04R17/08
摘要： An actuator includes a ceramic body having a base and an array of tube-shaped or blade-pair-shaped piezoelectric or electrostrictive ceramic elements defining an enclosure and integral with the base. A first electrode contacts the inner surfaces of walls of the elements, while a second electrode contacts the wall outer surfaces. The actuator is driven for d.sub.31 mode or d.sub.15 mode vibration of the walls. The wall vibration is transmitted to a desired medium via a vibration transmission means, e.g., a compliant polymer filler material of Shore A30 to Shore D75 filling the enclosure and bonded to the walls. Alternatively, a stiff cover plate may be used to transmit the tube wall vibration to a desired medium. An acoustic sensor device is also described.
摘要翻译： 致动器包括陶瓷体，其具有基部和限定外壳并与基底成一体的管状或叶片对形状的压电或电致伸缩陶瓷元件的阵列。 第一电极接触元件的壁的内表面，而第二电极接触壁外表面。 执行器被驱动用于d31模式或d15模式振动的墙壁。 壁振动通过振动传递装置（例如，肖氏A30至肖氏D75的顺应性聚合物填充材料）填充到外壳并结合到壁上而传递到期望的介质。 或者，可以使用刚性盖板将管壁振动传递到期望的介质。 还描述了一种声学传感器装置。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5950291A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-14
申请号：US899577
申请日：1997-07-24
CPC分类号： B06B1/0629 , H01L41/183 , H01L41/37 , H04R17/08 , Y10T29/42 , Y10T29/49005
摘要： Methods for fabricating a conformable composite acoustic transducer panel including a conformable composite body having upper and lower planar faces and upper and lower thin, flexible electrodes bonded to the upper and lower faces, respectively. The composite body includes an array of individual piezoelectric or electrostrictive ceramic elements extending normal to the upper and lower faces and through the composite body from the upper face to the lower face to electrically contact the electrodes. Stiff integral face plates are bonded to the side surfaces of the elements at their upper and lower ends. Alternatively, a conformable, stiff, voided polymer matrix is bonded to the element sides over their entire length. Flexible circuit boards may be bonded to the electrodes to provide electrical contact thereto.
摘要翻译： 用于制造包括具有上平面和下平面的适形复合体的适形复合声换能器面板的方法以及分别结合到上表面和下表面的上下薄薄柔性电极。 复合体包括从上表面到下表面垂直于上表面和下表面延伸的单个压电或电致伸缩陶瓷元件的阵列，以电接触电极。 坚固的整体面板在其上端和下端结合到元件的侧表面。 或者，在整个长度上，将符合要求的，刚性的，空隙的聚合物基体结合到元件侧。 柔性电路板可以结合到电极以提供与其的电接触。
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公开(公告)号：US5841736A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-24
申请号：US847435
申请日：1997-04-28
申请人： Leslie J. Bowen , Craig D. Near
发明人： Leslie J. Bowen , Craig D. Near
CPC分类号： H04R17/00 , B06B1/0655 , H01L27/20 , H01L41/183 , H01L41/333 , H01L41/37 , H01L41/43 , H04R17/08
摘要： A transducer including a ceramic body having a base and an array of tube-shaped piezoelectric or electrostrictive ceramic elements integral with the base. A first electrode contacts the tube wall inner surface, while a second electrode contacts the tube wall outer surface and is electrically isolated from the first electrode and from the lower surface of the transducer. The first electrode extends onto the transducer lower surface for electrical connection to a power source for driving the transducer across the tube walls for d.sub.31 mode vibration of the tube walls. A stiff cover plate may be used to transmit the tube wall vibration to a desired medium. The ceramic base may be removed if an electrically insulating layer is provided between the elements at the lower surface of the transducer. The insulating layer and tube wall upper edges then electrically isolate the second electrode from the first electrode and the transducer lower surface. In this alternative, the first and second electrodes are provided by a stiff conductive polymer matrix filling the tube-shaped elements and spaces between the elements. The matrix upper surface transmits the tube wall vibration to a desired medium without a cover plate. The first electrode extends onto the composite body lower surface for electrical connection to a source of electric power for driving the transducer across the tube walls for d.sub.31 mode vibration of the tube walls. A net-shape molding method for producing the transducer is also described.
摘要翻译： 一种换能器，包括具有底座的陶瓷体和与基座一体的管状压电或电致伸缩陶瓷元件阵列。 第一电极接触管壁内表面，而第二电极接触管壁外表面并且与第一电极和换能器的下表面电隔离。 第一电极延伸到换能器下表面上，用于电连接到电源，用于驱动换能器穿过管壁，用于管壁的d31模式振动。 可以使用刚性盖板将管壁振动传递到期望的介质。 如果在换能器的下表面处的元件之间提供电绝缘层，则可以去除陶瓷基底。 绝缘层和管壁上边缘然后将第二电极与第一电极和换能器下表面电隔离。 在这种替代方案中，第一和第二电极由填充管状元件和元件之间的空间的刚性导电聚合物基体提供。 基体上表面将管壁振动传递到所需的介质，而不需要盖板。 第一电极延伸到复合主体下表面上，用于电连接到电源，用于驱动换能器穿过管壁，用于管壁的d31模式振动。 还描述了用于制造换能器的网形成型方法。
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公开(公告)号：US06262517B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-17
申请号：US09502584
申请日：2000-02-11
申请人： Gerald E. Schmidt , Leslie J. Bowen
发明人： Gerald E. Schmidt , Leslie J. Bowen
IPC分类号： H01L4104
CPC分类号： G01H11/08
摘要： A piezoelectric acoustic sensor including stress-transferring arches to protect the elements at the lateral side surfaces. An array of parallel rod-like or blade-shaped elements is formed from a dense, poled, strongly piezoelectric or electrostrictive ceramic material. The array is encapsulated in a matrix, e.g., a polymeric matrix, to form a two-phase ceramic/polymer composite body exhibiting 1-3 or 2-2 connectivity. The upper and lower ends of the elements are exposed at upper and lower planar surfaces of the composite body to electrically contact upper and lower electrodes. A stiff portion, e.g., a face plate, extends across each of the upper and lower electroded surfaces, each extending to the edge surfaces of the composite body. A convex-shaped, stress-transferring arch is rigidly anchored to at least one edge of each stiff portion. Hinge portions of each arch at the edges of the stiff portions has a thickness of 0-10 mm. The arches are formed of a material having a stiffness of at least Shore D 80, and are shaped and disposed to direct ambient lateral stress toward the stiff portions, decoupling the ceramic elements from ambient lateral stress and forming a stress resistant piezoelectric acoustic sensor.
摘要翻译： 一种压电声传感器，包括应力传递拱，以保护侧面处的元件。 平行的杆状或叶片状元件的阵列由致密的极化，强压电或电致伸缩陶瓷材料形成。 将阵列包封在基质例如聚合物基质中以形成呈现1-3或2-2连接性的两相陶瓷/聚合物复合体。 元件的上端和下端在复合体的上下平面处露出，以电接触上电极和下电极。 刚性部分（例如面板）延伸穿过上部和下部电化表面中的每一个，每个延伸到复合体的边缘表面。 凸形的应力传递拱刚性地锚固到每个刚性部分的至少一个边缘。 在刚性部分的边缘处的每个拱的铰链部分具有0-10mm的厚度。 拱形材料具有至少具有肖氏D 80的刚度的材料，并且被成形和设置成朝向刚性部分引导环境横向应力，使陶瓷元件与环境横向应力分离，并形成抗压压电声学传感器。
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公开(公告)号：US4485321A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-27
申请号：US344098
申请日：1982-01-29
CPC分类号： B06B1/0622 , Y10S73/04
摘要： A broad bandwidth electro-mechanical transducer is shaped into a wedge of varying thickness, with a plurality of PZT elements or sheets embedded in an inactive polymer. The transducer is driven at frequencies corresponding to resonance of the thickness dimensions. The piezoelectric elements with different thicknesses are decoupled mechanically from one another using an inactive polymer of low Q so as to prevent interference.
摘要翻译： 宽带电机转换器成形为不同厚度的楔形，多个PZT元件或片嵌入非活性聚合物中。 换能器以对应于厚度尺寸的共振的频率驱动。 具有不同厚度的压电元件使用低Q的无活性聚合物彼此机械地解耦，以防止干扰。
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公开(公告)号：US4436650A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-13
申请号：US398038
申请日：1982-07-14
申请人： Leslie J. Bowen
发明人： Leslie J. Bowen
CPC分类号： H01C7/112
摘要： The breakdown voltage of a zinc oxide varistor is lowered by increasing the grain size of the zinc oxide using Al.sup.+3 as a zinc oxide grain growth promoting agent and the varistor's resistance to high energy electrical surges is increased by an grain boundary barrier layer stabilizer such as Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Rb.sup.+, or Cs.sup.+.
摘要翻译： 通过使用Al + 3作为氧化锌晶粒生长促进剂，通过增加氧化锌的晶粒尺寸来降低氧化锌变阻器的击穿电压，并且通过晶界阻挡层稳定剂增加压敏电阻对高能量电涌的抵抗力 作为Na +，K +，Rb +或Cs +。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5691960A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-25
申请号：US510393
申请日：1995-08-02
CPC分类号： B06B1/0629 , H01L41/183 , H01L41/37 , H04R17/08 , Y10T29/42 , Y10T29/49005
摘要： A conformable composite acoustic transducer panel including a conformable composite body having upper and lower planar faces and upper and lower thin, flexible electrodes bonded to the upper and lower faces, respectively. The composite body includes an array of individual piezoelectric or electrostrictive ceramic elements extending normal to the upper and lower faces and through the composite body from the upper face to the lower face to electrically contact the electrodes. Stiff integral face plates are bonded to the side surfaces of the elements at their upper and lower ends. Alternatively, a conformable, stiff, voided polymer matrix is bonded to the element sides over their entire length. Flexible circuit boards may be bonded to the electrodes to provide electrical contact thereto. Methods for fabricating the transducer panel are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 一种适合的复合声学传感器面板，包括具有上和下平面的适形复合体，以及分别结合到上表面和下表面的上下薄的柔性电极。 复合体包括从上表面到下表面垂直于上表面和下表面延伸的单个压电或电致伸缩陶瓷元件的阵列，以电接触电极。 坚固的整体面板在其上端和下端结合到元件的侧表面。 或者，在整个长度上，将符合要求的，刚性的，空隙的聚合物基体结合到元件侧。 柔性电路板可以结合到电极以提供与其的电接触。 还公开了用于制造换能器面板的方法。
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