公开(公告)号：US5022757A

公开(公告)日：1991-06-11

申请号：US299315

申请日：1989-01-23

申请人： Mark D. Modell

发明人： Mark D. Modell

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/64

CPC分类号： G01N21/6456 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N2021/1738 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G01N21/6402 ,  G01N2201/06113

摘要： A system and method for sensing a target substance in a medium by directing at least first and second beams of radiation to intersect within the medium and establish one or more sensing volumes. The beams have different frequencies to generate a beat frequency at the sensing volume. A selected optical effect, based on an optical property of the target substance within the sensing volume, on the first and second beams is detected at at least one selected spectral line. A signal is generated representative of the selected optical effect, such as absorbance or fluorescence, and the portion of the signal which is substantially at the beat frequency is combined with at least one selected value to determine the amount of the target substance.

摘要翻译： 通过引导至少第一和第二辐射束在介质内相交并建立一个或多个感测体积来感测介质中的目标物质的系统和方法。 光束具有不同的频率以在感测体积处产生拍频。 在至少一个选定的光谱线上检测基于感测体积内的目标物质的光学特性在第一和第二光束上的所选光学效应。 产生表示所选择的光学效应（例如吸光度或荧光）的信号，并且基本上以拍频的信号部分与至少一个选定值组合以确定目标物质的量。

公开(公告)号：US08634067B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-21

申请号：US11596096

申请日：2005-05-11

申请人： Lev T. Perelman ,  Juan G. Alvarez ,  Mark D. Modell

发明人： Lev T. Perelman ,  Juan G. Alvarez ,  Mark D. Modell

IPC分类号： G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G02B21/0052

摘要： Apparatus including a broadband illumination source and a confocal optical system. The confocal optical system is configured and arranged to receive a portion of light projected onto an object by the broadband illumination source. The apparatus can include an illumination source, a confocal optical system, and at least one detector configured and arranged to receive angularly separated light corresponding to a confocal volume. There is also provided a light scattering spectroscopic device including a broadband illumination source, a two-dimensional detector, and a spectral separation device configured and arranged to receive scattered light from an object and to direct at least a portion of the scattered light onto the two-dimensional detector. The method and apparatus can combine confocal microscopy techniques with light scattering spectroscopy techniques to create a confocal light scattering spectroscopy (CLSS) system.

摘要翻译： 装置包括宽带照明源和共焦光学系统。 共焦光学系统被配置和布置成通过宽带照明源接收投射到物体上的一部分光。 该装置可以包括照明源，共焦光学系统和至少一个被配置和布置为接收对应于共焦体积的角度分离的光的检测器。 还提供了一种包括宽带照明源，二维检测器和光谱分离装置的光散射光谱装置，其被配置和布置成接收来自物体的散射光并将至少一部分散射光引导到二维 维度检测器。 该方法和装置可以将共焦显微技术与光散射光谱学技术结合起来，以产生共焦光散射光谱（CLSS）系统。

公开(公告)号：US08396536B2

公开(公告)日：2013-03-12

申请号：US12661829

申请日：2010-03-24

申请人： Mark D. Modell

发明人： Mark D. Modell

IPC分类号： A61B5/05 ,  G01J3/45 ,  G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02097 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/6852 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01J3/45

摘要： Light is collected from a sample that is to be imaged, such as tissue or the like, and made to undergo self-interference, e.g., on a detector. An imaging system may include a low coherence light source arranged for illuminating the sample, and an interferometer arranged to receive the light collected from the sample and to pass it to a detector. The interferometer includes a beam divider that directs the radiation collected from the sample along two paths, phase-delaying one beam relative to another and then recombining the beams on a detector. A processor may be coordinated with the phase delay and in some embodiments with spatial scanning or detector array addresses, and operates on the signal from the detector to form a tomographic image of the sample illuminated tissue. By constructing an image based upon interference the interferometric signal from of the split and then recombined radiation collected from the sample signal, rather than interference of a source reference and a return signal, the invention is able to image with light naturally emitted by the sample, or with wavelength-shifted, delayed or induced light signals of different types, allowing new modalities of diagnostic and other imaging of the sample and its structure. A processor generates one or more images of the structure being viewed, and may create images in registry from different (for example, close but separable) wavelengths. Some systems may operate without an illumination source or may apply other stimuli to evoke emission from the sample.

摘要翻译： 从要成像的样品（例如组织等）收集光，并使其经受自干扰，例如在检测器上。 成像系统可以包括布置成照亮样本的低相干光源和布置成接收从样品收集的光并将其传递到检测器的干涉仪。 该干涉仪包括一个光束分离器，其引导从两个路径收集的样本的辐射，相对于另一个相位延迟一个光束，然后在检测器上重新组合光束。 处理器可以与相位延迟协调，并且在一些实施例中与空间扫描或检测器阵列地址协调，并且对来自检测器的信号进行操作以形成样本照射的组织的断层图像。 通过基于来自采样信号收集的分离和再结合辐射的干涉测量信号构建基于干扰的图像，而不是源参考和返回信号的干扰，本发明能够利用样品自然发射的光进行成像， 或具有不同类型的波长偏移，延迟或感应光信号，允许样品及其结构的诊断和其他成像的新模式。 处理器生成正在观看的结构的一个或多个图像，并且可以从不同的（例如，接近但可分离的）波长创建注册表中的图像。 一些系统可以在没有照明源的情况下操作，或者可以应用其他刺激来引起来自样品的发射。

公开(公告)号：US07130054B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-31

申请号：US11166522

申请日：2005-06-24

申请人： Isaac Ostrovsky ,  Mark D. Modell ,  Robert J. Crowley

发明人： Isaac Ostrovsky ,  Mark D. Modell ,  Robert J. Crowley

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02029 ,  G01B9/02032 ,  G01B9/02044 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01N21/4795

摘要： Diffraction grating based fiber optic interferometric systems for use in optical coherence tomography, wherein sample and reference light beams are formed by a first beam splitter and the sample light beam received from a sample and a reference light beam are combined on a second beam splitter. In one embodiment, the first beam splitter is an approximately 50/50 beam splitter, and the second beam splitter is a non 50/50 beam splitter. More than half of the energy of the sample light beam is directed into the combined beam and less than half of the energy of the reference light beam are directed into the combined beam by the second beam splitter. In another embodiment, the first beam splitter is a non 50/50 beam splitter and the second beam splitter is an approximately 50/50 beam splitter. An optical circulator is provided to enable the sample light beam to bypass the first beam splitter after interaction with a sample. Two combined beams are formed by the second beam splitter for detection by two respective detectors. More than half of the energy of the light source provided to the first beam splitter is directed into the sample light beam and less than half of the energy is directed into the reference light beam. The energy distribution between the sample and reference light beams can be controlled by selection of the characteristics of the beam splitters.

公开(公告)号：US07720526B1

公开(公告)日：2010-05-18

申请号：US10770699

申请日：2004-02-03

申请人： Mark D. Modell

发明人： Mark D. Modell

IPC分类号： A61B5/05 ,  G01J3/45 ,  G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02097 ,  A61B5/0066 ,  A61B5/6852 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01J3/45

摘要： Light from a tissue sample undergoes self-interference on a detector. A low coherence light source may illuminate the sample, and an interferometer receives light from the sample, divides and directs the received light along two paths, phase-delaying one and recombining the beams on a detector to form a signal. A processor coordinated with the phase delay and optionally with spatial scanning or detector array addresses, converts the signal to a tomographic image. Using self-interfering radiation from the sample, rather than interference of a reference source and a return signal, permits imaging with light naturally emitted by the sample, or with wavelength-shifted, delayed or induced light signals, allowing new diagnostic imaging modalities. The processor may create images in registry from different (for example, close but separable) wavelengths. Systems may also operate without an illumination source or may apply other stimuli to evoke emission from the sample.

摘要翻译： 来自组织样本的光在检测器上经受自身干扰。 低相干光源可以照亮样品，并且干涉仪从样品接收光，沿着两条路径分割并引导接收的光，相位延迟一个并在检测器上重组光束以形成信号。 与相位延迟协调的处理器和可选地具有空间扫描或检测器阵列地址的处理器将信号转换为断层图像。 使用来自样品的自干扰辐射，而不是参考源和返回信号的干扰，允许用样品自然发射的光或波长漂移，延迟或感应的光信号进行成像，从而允许新的诊断成像模式。 处理器可以从不同的（例如，可接近但可分离的）波长创建注册表中的图像。 系统也可以在没有照明源的情况下操作，或者可以施加其他刺激来引起来自样品的发射。

公开(公告)号：US20090009771A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-08

申请号：US12210967

申请日：2008-09-15

申请人： Isaac Ostrovsky ,  Mark D. Modell ,  Robert J. Crowley

发明人： Isaac Ostrovsky ,  Mark D. Modell ,  Robert J. Crowley

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02029 ,  G01B9/02032 ,  G01B9/02044 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01N21/4795

摘要： Diffraction grating based fiber optic interferometric systems for use in optical coherence tomography, wherein sample and reference light beams are formed by a first beam splitter and the sample light beam received from a sample and a reference light beam are combined on a second beam splitter. In one embodiment, the first beam splitter is an approximately 50/50 beam splitter, and the second beam splitter is a non 50/50 beam splitter. More than half of the energy of the sample light beam is directed into the combined beam and less than half of the energy of the reference light beam are directed into the combined beam by the second beam splitter. In another embodiment, the first beam splitter is a non 50/50 beam splitter and the second beam splitter is an approximately 50/50 beam splitter. An optical circulator is provided to enable the sample light beam to bypass the first beam splitter after interaction with a sample. Two combined beams are formed by the second beam splitter for detection by two respective detectors. More than half of the energy of the light source provided to the first beam splitter is directed into the sample light beam and less than half of the energy is directed into the reference light beam. The energy distribution between the sample and reference light beams can be controlled by selection of the characteristics of the beam splitters.

摘要翻译： 用于光学相干断层摄影的基于衍射光栅的光纤干涉系统，其中采样和参考光束由第一分束器形成，并且从样本和参考光束接收的样本光束被组合在第二分束器上。 在一个实施例中，第一分束器是大约50/50分束器，并且第二分束器是非50/50分束器。 样品光束的一半以上的能量被引导到组合光束中，并且参考光束的能量的不到一半被第二分束器引导到组合光束中。 在另一个实施例中，第一分束器是非50/50分束器，第二分束器是大约50/50分束器。 提供光环行器以使得样品光束能够在与样品相互作用之后绕过第一分束器。 两个组合光束由第二分束器形成，用于由两个相应的检测器检测。 提供给第一分束器的光源的能量的一半以上被引导到样本光束中，并且少于一半的能量被引导到参考光束中。 可以通过选择分束器的特性来控制样品和参考光束之间的能量分布。

公开(公告)号：US07728983B2

公开(公告)日：2010-06-01

申请号：US12210967

申请日：2008-09-15

申请人： Isaac Ostrovsky ,  Mark D. Modell ,  Robert J. Crowley

发明人： Isaac Ostrovsky ,  Mark D. Modell ,  Robert J. Crowley

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02029 ,  G01B9/02032 ,  G01B9/02044 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01N21/4795

摘要： Diffraction grating based fiber optic interferometric systems for use in optical coherence tomography, wherein sample and reference light beams are formed by a first beam splitter and the sample light beam received from a sample and a reference light beam are combined on a second beam splitter. In one embodiment, the first beam splitter is an approximately 50/50 beam splitter, and the second beam splitter is a non 50/50 beam splitter. More than half of the energy of the sample light beam is directed into the combined beam and less than half of the energy of the reference light beam are directed into the combined beam by the second beam splitter. In another embodiment, the first beam splitter is a non 50/50 beam splitter and the second beam splitter is an approximately 50/50 beam splitter. An optical circulator is provided to enable the sample light beam to bypass the first beam splitter after interaction with a sample. Two combined beams are formed by the second beam splitter for detection by two respective detectors. More than half of the energy of the light source provided to the first beam splitter is directed into the sample light beam and less than half of the energy is directed into the reference light beam. The energy distribution between the sample and reference light beams can be controlled by selection of the characteristics of the beam splitters.

摘要翻译： 用于光学相干断层摄影的基于衍射光栅的光纤干涉系统，其中采样和参考光束由第一分束器形成，并且从样本和参考光束接收的样本光束被组合在第二分束器上。 在一个实施例中，第一分束器是大约50/50分束器，并且第二分束器是非50/50分束器。 样品光束的一半以上的能量被引导到组合光束中，并且参考光束的能量的不到一半被第二分束器引导到组合光束中。 在另一个实施例中，第一分束器是非50/50分束器，第二分束器是大约50/50分束器。 提供光环行器以使得样品光束能够在与样品相互作用之后绕过第一分束器。 两个组合光束由第二分束器形成，用于由两个相应的检测器检测。 提供给第一分束器的光源的能量的一半以上被引导到样本光束中，并且少于一半的能量被引导到参考光束中。 可以通过选择分束器的特性来控制样品和参考光束之间的能量分布。

公开(公告)号：US20090237498A1

公开(公告)日：2009-09-24

申请号：US12401009

申请日：2009-03-10

申请人： Mark D. Modell ,  David W. Robertson ,  Jason Y. Sproul

发明人： Mark D. Modell ,  David W. Robertson ,  Jason Y. Sproul

IPC分类号： H04N7/18

CPC分类号： A61B1/045 ,  A61B1/00009 ,  A61B1/00165 ,  G02B27/46 ,  G06T5/002 ,  G06T5/10 ,  G06T5/20 ,  G06T2207/10068 ,  G06T2207/20056 ,  G06T2207/30028 ,  H04N9/735 ,  H04N17/002 ,  H04N2005/2255

摘要： A method according to an embodiment of the invention includes receiving a first optical image from an endoscope having a plurality of imaging fibers. A spatial frequency is identified that is associated with the plurality of imaging fibers. A second optical image is received from the endoscope. The spatial frequency is filtered from the second optical image. A method according to another embodiment includes producing an optical image of at least a portion of a body lumen using a fiberscope. The optical image is transmitted to a video camera coupled to the fiberscope. A honeycomb pattern associated with a fiber bundle of the fiberscope is removed from the optical image. In some embodiments, the honeycomb pattern can be removed in substantially real time. In some embodiments, prior to producing the optical image, a calibration cap is coupled to the fiberscope and used in a calibration process.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明的实施例的方法包括从具有多个成像光纤的内窥镜接收第一光学图像。 识别与多个成像光纤相关联的空间频率。 从内窥镜接收第二光学图像。 从第二光学图像滤波空间频率。 根据另一实施例的方法包括使用纤维内窥镜产生至少一部分体腔的光学图像。 光学图像被传送到耦合到纤维内窥镜的摄像机。 从光学图像中去除与纤维内窥镜的纤维束相关联的蜂窝状图案。 在一些实施例中，可以基本上实时地去除蜂窝图案。 在一些实施例中，在制造光学图像之前，将校准盖耦合到纤维内窥镜并在校准过程中使用。

公开(公告)号：US07426037B2

公开(公告)日：2008-09-16

申请号：US11531211

申请日：2006-09-12

申请人： Isaac Ostrovsky ,  Mark D. Modell ,  Robert J. Crowley

发明人： Isaac Ostrovsky ,  Mark D. Modell ,  Robert J. Crowley

IPC分类号： G01B11/02 ,  G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02029 ,  G01B9/02032 ,  G01B9/02044 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01N21/4795

摘要： Diffraction grating based fiber optic interferometric systems for use in optical coherence tomography, wherein sample and reference light beams are formed by a first beam splitter and the sample light beam received from a sample and a reference light beam are combined on a second beam splitter. In one embodiment, the first beam splitter is an approximately 50/50 beam splitter, and the second beam splitter is a non 50/50 beam splitter. More than half of the energy of the sample light beam is directed into the combined beam and less than half of the energy of the reference light beam are directed into the combined beam by the second beam splitter. In another embodiment, the first beam splitter is a non 50/50 beam splitter and the second beam splitter is an approximately 50/50 beam splitter. An optical circulator is provided to enable the sample light beam to bypass the first beam splitter after interaction with a sample. Two combined beams are formed by the second beam splitter for detection by two respective detectors. More than half of the energy of the light source provided to the first beam splitter is directed into the sample light beam and less than half of the energy is directed into the reference light beam. The energy distribution between the sample and reference light beams can be controlled by selection of the characteristics of the beam splitters.

摘要翻译： 用于光学相干断层摄影的基于衍射光栅的光纤干涉系统，其中采样和参考光束由第一分束器形成，并且从样本和参考光束接收的样本光束被组合在第二分束器上。 在一个实施例中，第一分束器是大约50/50分束器，并且第二分束器是非50/50分束器。 样品光束的一半以上的能量被引导到组合光束中，并且参考光束的能量的不到一半被第二分束器引导到组合光束中。 在另一个实施例中，第一分束器是非50/50分束器，第二分束器是大约50/50分束器。 提供光环行器以使得样品光束能够在与样品相互作用之后绕过第一分束器。 两个组合光束由第二分束器形成，用于由两个相应的检测器检测。 提供给第一分束器的光源的能量的一半以上被引导到样本光束中，并且少于一半的能量被引导到参考光束中。 可以通过选择分束器的特性来控制样品和参考光束之间的能量分布。

公开(公告)号：US07006231B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-28

申请号：US10017534

申请日：2001-10-18

申请人： Isaac Ostrovsky ,  Mark D. Modell ,  Robert J. Crowley

发明人： Isaac Ostrovsky ,  Mark D. Modell ,  Robert J. Crowley

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01B9/02007 ,  G01B9/02002 ,  G01B9/02029 ,  G01B9/02032 ,  G01B9/02044 ,  G01B9/02091 ,  G01B2290/45 ,  G01B2290/70 ,  G01N21/4795

摘要： Diffraction grating based fiber optic interferometric systems for use in optical coherence tomography, wherein sample and reference light beams are formed by a first beam splitter and the sample light beam received from a sample and a reference light beam are combined on a second beam splitter. In one embodiment, the first beam splitter is an approximately 50/50 beam splitter, and the second beam splitter is a non 50/50 beam splitter. More than half of the energy of the sample light beam is directed into the combined beam and less than half of the energy of the reference light beam are directed into the combined beam by the second beam splitter. In another embodiment, the first beam splitter is a non 50/50 beam splitter and the second beam splitter is an approximately 50/50 beam splitter. An optical circulator is provided to enable the sample light beam to bypass the first beam splitter after interaction with a sample. Two combined beams are formed by the second beam splitter for detection by two respective detectors. More than half of the energy of the light source provided to the first beam splitter is directed into the sample light beam and less than half of the energy is directed into the reference light beam. The energy distribution between the sample and reference light beams can be controlled by selection of the characteristics of the beam splitters.