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    LUBRICATION WITH OIL-COMPATIBLE POLYMER BRUSHES
    1.
    发明申请
    LUBRICATION WITH OIL-COMPATIBLE POLYMER BRUSHES 有权
    润滑与油相容的聚合物刷

    公开(公告)号：US20140066343A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-03-06

    申请号：US14113448

    申请日：2012-04-03

    申请人： Robert M. Bielecki ,  Edmondo M. Benetti ,  Nicholas D. Spencer

    发明人： Robert M. Bielecki ,  Edmondo M. Benetti ,  Nicholas D. Spencer

    IPC分类号： C10M107/28

    CPC分类号： C10M107/28 ,  C09D133/08 ,  C10M177/00 ,  C10M2203/0206 ,  C10M2203/065 ,  C10M2207/0406 ,  C10M2207/2805 ,  C10M2207/401 ,  C10M2209/0845 ,  C10N2250/121 ,  C10N2270/00

    摘要： A polymer-brush-based, surface-modification strategy for friction and wear reduction in hard contact under boundary-lubrication conditions is proposed, specifically for a non-aqueous environment. Surface-initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (SI-ATRP) was employed for the synthesis of three different oil-compatible, hydrophobic polymer brushes based on alkyl methacrylates. This study presents polymerisation kinetics, chemical characterization by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and surface morphologies observed in atomic force microscopy (AFM). The lubrication properties of the anchored polymers were evaluated macroscopically by means of ball-on-disk methods and on the nanonewton scale by lateral force microscopy (AFM/LFM) and showed significant reduction in friction up to contact pressures as high as 460 MPa. The frictional response of surface-grafted polymers is shown to depend strongly on the compatibility of the polymer with the chosen lubricating fluid. Their good tribological performances have also been proven with watchmaking lubricants. These results do make the prevent invention a suitable candidate for a watchmaking application (such as at the balance pivot or the escapement) in order to increase the efficiency and reliability of the movements.

    摘要翻译： 提出了一种基于聚合物刷的表面改性策略，用于在边界润滑条件下硬接触的摩擦和磨损降低，特别适用于非水环境。 表面引发的原子转移自由基聚合（SI-ATRP）用于合成基于甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的三种不同的油相容的疏水性聚合物刷。 本研究通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和原子力显微镜（AFM）观察到的表面形态，提出了聚合动力学，化学特征。 锚定聚合物的润滑性能通过球盘法和纳米级尺度横向力显微镜（AFM / LFM）进行宏观评估，并显示高达460MPa的接触压力下的摩擦力显着降低。 显示表面接枝聚合物的摩擦响应强烈依赖于聚合物与所选择的润滑流体的相容性。 他们的良好的摩擦学性能也被制表润滑剂证明。 这些结果确实使得防止发明成为制表应用（例如平衡枢轴或擒纵机构）的合适候选者，以便提高运动的效率和可靠性。

    Environmentally compatible additives for aqueous lubricants
    2.
    发明授权
    Environmentally compatible additives for aqueous lubricants 有权
    环保型水性润滑剂添加剂

    公开(公告)号：US07514150B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-04-07

    申请号：US10511121

    申请日：2003-04-15

    申请人： Nicholas D. Spencer ,  Seunghwan Lee

    发明人： Nicholas D. Spencer ,  Seunghwan Lee

    IPC分类号： B32B33/00

    CPC分类号： C10M173/02 ,  C10M2209/104 ,  C10M2209/12 ,  C10M2217/023 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/044 ,  C10N2230/06 ,  C10N2230/56 ,  C10N2230/64 ,  C10N2260/06 ,  Y10T428/31678 ,  Y10T428/8305

    摘要： Lubricating compositions, containing non-modified and modified multifunctional, polyionic copolymers and an aqueous lubricating medium, and methods for making and using such compositions are described herein. The lubricating compositions are applied to metal oxide surfaces, which are in contact with each other. The copolymers can serve as a surface protective boundary layer for the sliding surfaces, or they can also be used for the immobilization of further molecules, which can modify the tribological properties of the surfaces.

    摘要翻译： 本文描述了含有未改性和改性的多官能聚异戊二烯共聚物和水性润滑介质的润滑组合物，以及制备和使用这些组合物的方法。 将润滑组合物施加到彼此接触的金属氧化物表面。 共聚物可以用作滑动表面的表面保护性边界层，或者它们也可以用于固定其它分子，这可以改变表面的摩擦学性质。

    Controlled surface chemical gradients
    3.
    发明授权
    Controlled surface chemical gradients 失效
    受控表面化学梯度

    公开(公告)号：US07854959B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-12-21

    申请号：US10814995

    申请日：2004-03-31

    申请人： Nicholas D. Spencer ,  Sara Maria Morgenthaler ,  Seunghwan Lee

    发明人： Nicholas D. Spencer ,  Sara Maria Morgenthaler ,  Seunghwan Lee

    IPC分类号： G01N1/31

    CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  B01L3/5088 ,  B05D1/283 ,  B05D5/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  G01N13/02 ,  G01N33/5005 ,  G01N33/5029 ,  G01N33/52 ,  G01N2610/00

    摘要： A simple and reproducible preparative method for the fabrication of surface-chemical gradients is described herein. Surface-chemical gradient films are prepared by using a liquid front in relative motion to the substrate (e.g. immersion by a linear-motion drive or the use of a spreading droplet) to gradually expose substrate samples to very dilute solutions of adsorbates. As demonstrated by XPS, the self-assembled monolayer gradients produced in this way display a high packing density. This method can be used in the preparation of other gradients of various chemical or biochemical functionalities in one or two dimensions. Such gradients can be used in a wide variety of applications in such diverse areas as cell motility studies, nanotribology research, and high-throughput screening.

    摘要翻译： 本文描述了用于制造表面化学梯度的简单且可重现的制备方法。 通过使用与基底相对运动的液体前沿（例如通过线性运动驱动的浸入或使用扩散液滴）来制备表面化学梯度膜，以逐渐将底物样品暴露于非常稀的吸附物溶液。 如XPS所证明的，以这种方式生产的自组装单层梯度显示出高的堆积密度。 该方法可用于制备一维或二维各种化学或生物化学功能的其他梯度。 这种梯度可以用于各种领域，例如细胞运动性研究，纳米技术研究和高通量筛选。

    Synthesis of submicron powders under reduced oxygen pressure
    7.
    发明授权
    Synthesis of submicron powders under reduced oxygen pressure 失效
    在降低氧气压力的条件下合成亚磷酸钙

    公开(公告)号：US5152973A

    公开(公告)日：1992-10-06

    申请号：US520695

    申请日：1990-05-08

    申请人： Nicholas D. Spencer

    发明人： Nicholas D. Spencer

    IPC分类号： B01J2/04 ,  C01B13/14 ,  C01B13/18 ,  C01B32/60 ,  C01G1/00 ,  C01G3/00

    CPC分类号： C01G3/006 ,  C01B13/185 ,  C01P2004/51 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  C01P2006/12 ,  Y10S505/737 ,  Y10S505/738

    摘要： The invention process provides a metal oxide, or oxides of more than one more metal, wherein the oxides have a mean particle size less than 1 micron. The oxides are made by steps including (1) reacting an aqueous solution of a metal salt (or salts) that form insoluble carbonate(s), thereby to form a carbonate precipitate, followed by (b) recovering the precipitate, e.g., by filtration; (c) redispersing the precipitate in water to form a second very dilute slurry; (d) spray-drying said second slurry; (e) calcining the spray-dried product at a low temperature (e.g., 540.degree. C.), followed by a final calcination in atmosphere consisting of flowing oxygen initially under reduced pressure (e.g., 2 Torr). The spray-dried spheroids comprise particles having a mean particle size less than one micron, a property carried over into the products of both calcinations.

    Ceramic composition
    9.
    发明授权
    Ceramic composition 失效
    陶瓷组成

    公开(公告)号：US5001109A

    公开(公告)日：1991-03-19

    申请号：US324482

    申请日：1989-03-16

    申请人： Nicholas D. Spencer

    发明人： Nicholas D. Spencer

    IPC分类号： C04B35/622 ,  C01G1/00 ,  C01G15/00 ,  C04B35/45 ,  H01L39/24

    CPC分类号： H01L39/2477 ,  C01G15/006 ,  C04B35/4512 ,  Y10S505/738

    摘要： Improved process for making Bi-Pb-Sb-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide superconductors. A solution of the nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca, and Cu is reacted with a quaternary ammonium carbonate in a dispersion (heel) of Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5. Carbonates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca, and Cu precipitate homogeneously on the Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5 particles. Solids are recovered, dried, and heated to make a superconductor. The method minimizes handling toxic antimony compounds and reduces introduction of contaminants. Novel compositions result.

    Process for the production of formaldehyde from methane
    10.
    发明授权
    Process for the production of formaldehyde from methane 失效
    从甲烷生产甲醛的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4727198A

    公开(公告)日：1988-02-23

    申请号：US25043

    申请日：1987-03-12

    申请人： Nicholas D. Spencer

    发明人： Nicholas D. Spencer

    IPC分类号： B01J23/22 ,  C07C45/33

    CPC分类号： B01J23/22 ,  C07C45/33

    摘要： Formaldehyde is made from methane and a molecular oxygen containing gas by using a silica supported catalyst having less than 350 parts per million by weight of sodium and having a catalytically effective amount of V.sub.2 O.sub.5. The low sodium form of the silica support can be made by washing silica gel or precipitated silica or by using a fumed silica. In general, the lower the sodium level, the better is the catalyst.

    摘要翻译： 甲醛由甲烷和含分子氧的气体制成，使用的二氧化硅负载型催化剂，其重量比小于350ppm，具有催化有效量的V 2 O 5。 二氧化硅载体的低钠形式可以通过洗涤硅胶或沉淀二氧化硅或使用热解二氧化硅来制备。 一般来说，钠含量越低催化剂越好。