摘要:
In fuel injection system having at least one fuel injector and a control unit for triggering the injector, each injector has a piezoelectric actuator, a nozzle element having at least one nozzle opening and at least one movable nozzle needle for selectively closing and opening the at least one nozzle opening, a hydraulic coupling element, which is connected between the piezoelectric actuator and the nozzle needle, and at least one stroke stop, against which the nozzle needle rests in its completely open and/or completely closed position. To be better able to ascertain when the stroke stop is reached in such injectors, the needle stroke stop is ascertained during an energization pause of the piezoelectric actuator by analyzing a voltage signal applied to the piezoelectric actuator. Oscillations of the voltage signal during the energization pause are preferably analyzed. To this end, regression lines are drawn through the voltage characteristic, a correlation coefficient of the regression lines to the voltage characteristic is ascertained and a needle stroke stop is detected on the basis of the correlation coefficient.
摘要:
A device for the purification of an exhaust gas containing at least one contaminant removable through heterogeneous catalysis and flowing through a chamber having an inlet and an outlet, comprises at least one disk structure positionable within the chamber and defining a central cavity alignable with the inlet of the chamber. The disk structure includes a non-metallic, gas-permeable and flexible carrier element comprising a band woven of glass fiber yarn. The yarn is formed of individual fibers coated with a layer of pulverized zeolitic material defining a molecular sieve and having a catalytic material, selected to act adsorptively upon the at least one contaminant, dispersed therein. The device further includes a heatable metallic woven band disposed in laminar relation with the carrier element, the metallic woven band and carrier element being wound spirally end-over-end, whereby exhaust gas flowing into the central cavity from the chamber inlet passes through the woven bands and the at least one contaminant is removed therefrom. A plurality of disk elements may be stacked and positioned within a cylindrical housing a having perforated sidewall, an inlet end, and a sealed end. Exhaust gas flows through the inlet and passes through the central cavities of the disk structures, the woven bands making up the disk structures, and perforated sidewall of the housing, respectively for subsequent flow through the chamber outlet. Adjacent pairs of disk elements may be wired in series in a star configuration to respective phases of a three-phase system.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing unsaturated aldehydes or unsaturated carboxylic acids by heterogeneous catalytic gas phase oxidation of unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbons, comprising the process steps of: i) providing a gas mixture comprising a saturated hydrocarbon and catalytically dehydrogenating the saturated hydrocarbon in the gas phase to obtain a gas mixture comprising an unsaturated hydrocarbon in a dehydrogenation reactor having a dehydrogenation catalyst material; or ii) providing a gas mixture comprising oxygen and an unsaturated hydrocarbon; iii) catalytically oxidizing the unsaturated hydrocarbon obtained in process step i) or provided in process step ii) in the gas phase to obtain a gas mixture comprising an unsaturated aldehyde in a first oxidation reactor having a first oxidation catalyst material; wherein at least one of the reactors selected from the dehydrogenation reactor, the first oxidation reactor and the second oxidation reactor comprises at least one foam body.
摘要:
A method for determining an opening voltage of an injector having a piezo actuator, in particular an injector of an internal combustion engine, in which an output voltage is applied at the piezo actuator in the closed state of the injector, and the voltage is lowered by energizing the piezo actuator so as to open the injector. The energy supply is interrupted at a holding voltage and the voltage change present at the piezo actuator is then measured over the time, the reaching of the opening voltage being inferred in the case of a voltage rise.
摘要:
A method for operating an injection valve, in particular a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine, in which a trigger voltage is able to be applied to an actuator, designed as piezoelectric element, of the fuel injector in order to induce an injection of fluid, in particular fuel, supplied to the fuel injector via a supply system. A specifiable test voltage is applied to the actuator in a test triggering, and a fluid pressure prevailing in the supply system is detected at least during the test triggering in order to derive information about an operating state of the fuel injector and/or the actuator from the test voltage and the detected fluid pressure.
摘要:
The inventive system comprises a graphic interface and a converter translating the graphic symbols entered by the user into a CPL script. The generated CPL script is fed into a CPL engine for controlling various IP based services. Not only the service to be executed, but also a definition of the semantics of the individual linguistic elements are enclosed via the converter.
摘要:
A method for ascertaining learned values for controlling an internal combustion engine, a second drive unit, e.g., an electric motor, drags the internal combustion engine in a specific operating state, and the learned values are ascertained in this operating state.
摘要:
A method is provided for producing windings for a dry-type transformer with in each case one winding for the low voltage (LV winding) and one for the high voltage (HV winding). The LV and HV windings are each electrically insulated from one another and have layers which are electrically insulated from one another by virtue of, initially, the winding for the low voltage being produced from electrically conductive wire or tape material and an insulating layer including resin-impregnated fibre material. Prior to the application of the HV winding, the maximum insulating thickness for the layer insulation and the number of fiber rovings corresponding to this insulating thickness can be determined, and each winding layer and the associated insulating layer can be produced simultaneously with a physical offset with respect to one another. To produce the winding, fiber polymer layers can be applied, as layers of insulation, simultaneously with the winding conductor between the individual winding layers of the winding, and the finished winding is subjected to a curing operation.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing unsaturated aldehydes or unsaturated carboxylic acids by heterogeneous catalytic gas phase oxidation of unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbons, comprising the process steps of: i) providing a gas mixture comprising a saturated hydrocarbon and catalytically dehydrogenating the saturated hydrocarbon in the gas phase to obtain a gas mixture comprising an unsaturated hydrocarbon in a dehydrogenation reactor having a dehydrogenation catalyst material; or ii) providing a gas mixture comprising oxygen and an unsaturated hydrocarbon; iii) catalytically oxidizing the unsaturated hydrocarbon obtained in process step i) or provided in process step ii) in the gas phase to obtain a gas mixture comprising an unsaturated aldehyde in a first oxidation reactor having a first oxidation catalyst material; wherein at least one of the reactors selected from the dehydrogenation reactor, the first oxidation reactor and the second oxidation reactor comprises at least one foam body.
摘要:
A method for ascertaining learned values for controlling an internal combustion engine, a second drive unit, e.g., an electric motor, drags the internal combustion engine in a specific operating state, and the learned values are ascertained in this operating state.