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公开(公告)号：US08607016B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-10
申请号：US11022369
申请日：2004-12-23
CPC分类号： G06F3/064 , G06F3/061 , G06F3/0643 , G06F3/0679 , G06F12/0246
摘要： Techniques for managing data in a non-volatile memory system (e.g., Flash Memory) are disclosed. A controller can use information relating to a host's file system, which is stored by the host on non-volatile memory, to determine if one or more clusters (or sectors with clusters) are currently allocated. The controller can use the information relating to the host's file system to identify when the host is sending data to the next free cluster and to store such data in a sequential format by copying data from other locations in the non-volatile memory.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于在非易失性存储器系统（例如，闪存）中管理数据的技术。 控制器可以使用由主机在非易失性存储器上存储的主机文件系统相关的信息来确定当前是否分配了一个或多个集群（或具有集群的扇区）。 控制器可以使用与主机文件系统相关的信息来识别主机何时向下一个空闲簇发送数据，并通过从非易失性存储器中的其他位置复制数据来以顺序格式存储这些数据。
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公开(公告)号：US07139864B2
公开(公告)日：2006-11-21
申请号：US10750155
申请日：2003-12-30
申请人： Alan David Bennett , Alan Douglas Bryce , Sergey Gorobets , Alan Welsh Sinclair , Peter John Smith
发明人： Alan David Bennett , Alan Douglas Bryce , Sergey Gorobets , Alan Welsh Sinclair , Peter John Smith
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1666 , G06F11/1072 , G06F11/141 , G06F11/1415 , G06F11/1658 , G06F12/0246 , G06F2212/7202 , G06F2212/7203 , G06F2212/7205 , G06F2212/7208 , G11C11/5621 , G11C11/5628 , G11C16/102 , G11C16/105 , G11C16/20 , G11C29/00 , G11C29/76 , G11C2211/5641
摘要： A non-volatile memory system is organized in physical groups of physical memory locations. Each physical group (metablock) is erasable as a unit and can be used to store a logical group of data. A memory management system allows for update of a logical group of data by allocating a metablock dedicated to recording the update data of the logical group. The update metablock records update data in the order received and has no restriction on whether the recording is in the correct logical order as originally stored (sequential) or not (chaotic). Eventually the update metablock is closed to further recording. One of several processes will take place, but will ultimately end up with a fully filled metablock in the correct order which replaces the original metablock. In the chaotic case, directory data is maintained in the non-volatile memory in a manner that is conducive to frequent updates. The system supports multiple logical groups being updated concurrently.
摘要翻译： 非易失性存储器系统被组织在物理存储器位置的物理组中。 每个物理组（元区块）作为一个单元是可擦除的，可用于存储一组逻辑数据。 存储器管理系统允许通过分配专用于记录逻辑组的更新数据的元区块来更新逻辑数据组。 更新元区块以所接收的顺序记录更新数据，并且对于是否按照原始存储（顺序）或不是混乱的顺序，记录是否处于正确的逻辑顺序中是没有限制的。 最终，更新元区块被关闭以进一步录制。 几个进程之一将发生，但最终将以完全填充的元区块以正确的顺序取代原来的元区块。 在混乱的情况下，目录数据以有利于频繁更新的方式保存在非易失性存储器中。 系统支持同时更新的多个逻辑组。
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公开(公告)号：US07010957B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-14
申请号：US10275887
申请日：2001-05-09
IPC分类号： G01N7/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/004 , G01N27/12 , G01N33/006 , Y10T436/184
摘要： Semiconductor gas-sensitive materials of the formula Cr2-xTixO3 where 0.05>x≧0.0001, and gas sensors formed therefrom.
摘要翻译： 其中0.05> x> = 0.0001的式Cr 2 x x Ti 3 O 3的半导体气体敏感材料和由其形成的气体传感器 。
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公开(公告)号：US06711059B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-23
申请号：US10260135
申请日：2002-09-27
IPC分类号： G11C1604
CPC分类号： G11C7/20 , G06F9/4403 , G11C16/102
摘要： According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a memory system having a controller and a non-volatile memory storing firmware for start up and for normal operation of the system, the controller comprising, a volatile memory; and a processor; wherein the controller is arranged to operate during initialization or configuration of the system so that the start up firmware stored in the non-volatile memory is loaded into the volatile memory under hardware control by the controller and with the processor halted, the start up firmware in the volatile memory being subsequently executed by the processor.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种具有控制器和非易失性存储器的存储器系统，该存储器存储用于系统启动和正常操作的固件，所述控制器包括：易失性存储器; 和处理器; 其中所述控制器被布置为在所述系统的初始化或配置期间操作，使得存储在所述非易失性存储器中的所述启动固件在所述控制器的硬件控制下被加载到所述易失性存储器中，并且所述处理器停止，所述启动固件在 随后由处理器执行易失性存储器。
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公开(公告)号：US5985946A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-16
申请号：US11858
申请日：1998-02-05
CPC分类号： C08J9/0061 , C08J9/122 , C08J2325/04 , C08J2433/00
摘要： A foamed article having a closed cell structure formed from: (i) a polymer blend comprising at least 80% by weight of a styrenic polymer and up to 20% by weight of an acrylic polymer; and (ii) gaseous carbon dioxide blowing agent.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB96 / 02705 Sec。 371日期：1998年2月5日 102（e）日期1998年2月5日PCT 1996年11月5日PCT公布。 出版物WO97 / 17395 日期1997年5月15日具有闭孔结构的泡沫制品由以下物质形成：（i）包含至少80重量％苯乙烯聚合物和至多20重量％丙烯酸聚合物的聚合物共混物; 和（ii）气态二氧化碳发泡剂。
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公开(公告)号：US5898039A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-27
申请号：US765849
申请日：1997-05-08
IPC分类号： C08J9/12 , B29C47/00 , B29K25/00 , B29K105/04 , B32B5/18 , C08J9/00 , C08J9/14 , C08J9/34 , C08L25/04 , C08L25/06 , C08L33/04 , C08L33/06
CPC分类号： C08J9/0061 , C08J9/34 , C08L25/06 , C08J2325/04 , C08J2433/00 , C08L33/06 , Y10T428/249987
摘要： A process for forming a foamed article having a closed cell structure without the need to use a halogenated blowing agent. In the process, a polymer blend comprising at least 50% by weight of a styrenic polymer and up to 50% by weight of an acrylic polymer which has an average molecular weight which is less than 90% of that of the styrenic polymer and a hydrocarbon blowing agent are supplied to a heated extruder where the blend is formed and the blowing agent incorporated to form a molten mixture from which the foamed article is formed on release from the extruder.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB95 / 01315 Sec。 371日期：1997年5月8日 102（e）日期1997年5月8日PCT提交1995年6月7日PCT公布。 公开号WO96 / 00257 日本1996年1月4日一种用于形成具有闭孔结构而不需要使用卤化发泡剂的泡沫制品的方法。 在该方法中，包含至少50重量％的苯乙烯聚合物和至多50重量％的平均分子量小于苯乙烯聚合物的90％的丙烯酸类聚合物的聚合物共混物和烃 将发泡剂供给到形成共混物的加热挤出机中，并且将发泡剂并入以形成从挤出机中释放发泡制品的熔融混合物。
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公开(公告)号：US08151035B2
公开(公告)日：2012-04-03
申请号：US12189396
申请日：2008-08-11
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/064 , G06F3/0616 , G06F3/0679 , G06F12/0246 , G06F2212/7203 , G11C16/102
摘要： In a memory that is programmable page by page and each page having multiple sectors that are once-programmable, even if successive writes are sequential, the data recorded to an update block may be fragmented and non-sequential. Instead of recording update data to an update block, the data is being recorded in at least two interleaving streams. When a full page of data is available, it is recorded to the update block. Otherwise, it is temporarily recorded to the scratch pad block until a full page of data becomes available to be transferred to the update block. Preferably, a pipeline operation allows the recording to the update block to be set up as soon as the host write command indicates a full page could be written. If the actual write data is incomplete due to interruptions, the setup will be canceled and recording is made to the scratch pad block instead.
摘要翻译： 在逐页可编程的存储器中，每页具有一次可编程的多个扇区，即使顺序写入是顺序的，记录到更新块的数据可能是分段的和非顺序的。 代替将更新数据记录到更新块，数据被记录在至少两个交错流中。 当全页数据可用时，它被记录到更新块。 否则，它暂时记录到便笺块块中，直到完整页面的数据可用于传送到更新块。 优选地，管道操作允许一旦主机写入命令指示可以写入完整页面就可以对更新块进行记录。 如果实际的写入数据由于中断而不完整，则设置将被取消，而代之以记录。
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公开(公告)号：US07913061B2
公开(公告)日：2011-03-22
申请号：US12239351
申请日：2008-09-26
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1666 , G06F11/1072 , G06F11/141 , G06F11/1415 , G06F11/1658 , G06F12/0246 , G06F2212/7202 , G06F2212/7203 , G06F2212/7205 , G06F2212/7208 , G11C11/5621 , G11C11/5628 , G11C16/102 , G11C16/105 , G11C16/20 , G11C29/00 , G11C29/76 , G11C2211/5641
摘要： A non-volatile memory is constituted from a set of memory planes, each having its own set of read/write circuits so that the memory planes can operate in parallel. The memory is further organized into erasable blocks, each for storing a logical group of logical units of data. In updating a logical unit, all versions of a logical unit are maintained in the same plane as the original. Preferably, all versions of a logical unit are aligned within a plane so that they are all serviced by the same set of sensing circuits. In a subsequent garbage collection operation, the latest version of the logical unit need not be retrieved from a different plane or a different set of sensing circuits, otherwise resulting in reduced performance. In one embodiment, any gaps left after alignment are padded by copying latest versions of logical units in sequential order thereto.
摘要翻译： 非易失性存储器由一组存储器平面构成，每个存储器平面具有其自己的一组读/写电路，使得存储器平面可以并行操作。 存储器被进一步组织成可擦除块，每个块用于存储数据的逻辑单元的逻辑组。 在更新逻辑单元时，逻辑单元的所有版本都保持在与原始单元相同的平面中。 优选地，逻辑单元的所有版本在平面内对准，使得它们都由相同的一组感测电路服务。 在随后的垃圾回收操作中，不需要从不同的平面或不同的感测电路组检索最新版本的逻辑单元，否则导致性能降低。 在一个实施例中，通过按照顺序复制最新版本的逻辑单元来填补对齐之后留下的任何间隙。
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9.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20090019218A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-15
申请号：US12239489
申请日：2008-09-26
CPC分类号： G06F11/1666 , G06F11/1072 , G06F11/141 , G06F11/1415 , G06F11/1658 , G06F12/0246 , G06F2212/7202 , G06F2212/7203 , G06F2212/7205 , G06F2212/7208 , G11C11/5621 , G11C11/5628 , G11C16/102 , G11C16/105 , G11C16/20 , G11C29/00 , G11C29/76 , G11C2211/5641
摘要： In a nonvolatile memory with block management system that supports update blocks with non-sequential logical units, an index of the logical units in a non-sequential update block is buffered in RAM and stored periodically into the nonvolatile memory. In one embodiment, the index is stored in a block dedicated for storing indices. In another embodiment, the index is stored in the update block itself. In yet another embodiment, the index is stored in the header of each logical unit. In another aspect, the logical units written after the last index update but before the next have their indexing information stored in the header of each logical unit. In this way, after a power outage, the location of recently written logical units can be determined without having to perform a scanning during initialization. In yet another aspect, a block is managed as partially sequential and partially non-sequential, directed to more than one logical subgroup.
摘要翻译： 在具有支持具有非顺序逻辑单元的更新块的块管理系统的非易失性存储器中，非顺序更新块中的逻辑单元的索引被缓冲在RAM中并被周期性地存储到非易失性存储器中。 在一个实施例中，索引被存储在专用于存储索引的块中。 在另一个实施例中，索引被存储在更新块本身中。 在另一个实施例中，索引被存储在每个逻辑单元的标题中。 在另一方面，在最后一个索引更新之后但在下一个之前写入的逻辑单元将其索引信息存储在每个逻辑单元的标题中。 以这种方式，在断电之后，可以确定最近写入的逻辑单元的位置，而不必在初始化期间执行扫描。 在另一方面，块被部署顺序地且部分地非顺序地管理，定向到多于一个的逻辑子组。
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公开(公告)号：US07412560B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-12
申请号：US11191686
申请日：2005-07-27
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/064 , G06F3/0616 , G06F3/0679 , G06F12/0246 , G06F2212/7203 , G11C16/102
摘要： In a memory that is programmable page by page and each page having multiple sectors that are once-programmable, even if successive writes are sequential, the data recorded to an update block may be fragmented and non-sequential. Instead of recording update data to an update block, the data is being recorded in at least two interleaving streams. When a full page of data is available, it is recorded to the update block. Otherwise, it is temporarily recorded to the scratch pad block until a full page of data becomes available to be transferred to the update block. Preferably, a pipeline operation allows the recording to the update block to be set up as soon as the host write command indicates a full page could be written. If the actual write data is incomplete due to interruptions, the setup will be canceled and recording is made to the scratch pad block instead.
摘要翻译： 在逐页可编程的存储器中，每页具有一次可编程的多个扇区，即使顺序写入是顺序的，记录到更新块的数据可能是分段的和非顺序的。 代替将更新数据记录到更新块，数据被记录在至少两个交错流中。 当全页数据可用时，它被记录到更新块。 否则，它暂时记录到便笺块块中，直到完整页面的数据可用于传送到更新块。 优选地，管道操作允许一旦主机写入命令指示可以写入完整页面就可以对更新块进行记录。 如果实际的写入数据由于中断而不完整，则设置将被取消，而代之以记录。
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