摘要:
A method of measuring a deviation of an optical surface from a target shape and a method of manufacturing an optical element. This method of measuring the deviation includes: performing a first interferometric measurement using a first diffractive measurement structure, which is arranged to cover a first area of the optical surface, to provide a first interferometric measurement result, performing a second interferometric measurement using a second diffractive measurement structure, which is arranged to cover a second area of the optical surface different from the first area, to provide a second interferometric measurement result, and determining a deviation of the optical surface from the target shape.
摘要:
A method of aligning at least two wave shaping elements, a method of measuring a deviation of an optical surface from a target shape and a measuring apparatus for interferometrically measuring a deviation of an optical surface from a target shape. The method of aligning at least two wave shaping elements, each of which wave shaping elements has a diffractive measurement structure for adapting part of a wave front of incoming light to a respective portion of the target shape, includes: providing a first one of the wave shaping elements with a diffractive alignment structure, arranging the wave shaping elements relative to each other such that each of the diffractive measurement structures is traversed by a separate subset of rays of the incoming light during operation of the measuring apparatus, and aligning the first wave shaping element and a second one of the wave shaping elements relative to each other by evaluating alignment light having consecutively interacted with the diffractive alignment structure and with the second wave shaping element.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing an optical element includes testing the optical element by using an interferometer optics generating a beam of measuring light illuminating only a sub-aperture of the tested optical element. The interferometer optics comprises a hologram. Results of the sub-aperture measurement are stitched together to obtain a measuring result with respect to the full surface of the optical element. Further, a method of calibrating the interferometer optics includes performing an interferometric measurement using a calibrating optics having a hologram covering only a sub-aperture of the full cross section of the beam of measuring light generated by the interferometer optics and stitching together the sub-aperture measurements to obtain a result indicative for the full cross section of the interferometer optics.
摘要:
A method for configuring a configurable hardware block includes implementing commands and/or command sequences of a program to be executed. The implementing step includes ascertaining a given type of subunit of a configurable hardware block, the given type of subunit being required for executing a respective command, selecting, if available, a subunit of the given type of subunit, configuring configurable connections provided around the subunit selected in the selecting step, if the subunit of the given type of subunit is found in the selecting step, and ascertaining configuration data with the step of implementing the commands and/or command sequences. The configurable hardware block is configured by using the configuration data.
摘要:
A diffractive optical element contains a multiplicity of binary blazed diffraction structures, which substantially extend mutually parallel in a longitudinal direction. Perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction, the diffraction structures have a width g which is greater than the effective wavelength of electromagnetic radiation for which the diffractive optical element is designed. The diffraction structures respectively comprise a series of individual substructures, which produce a blaze effect and have a maximum extent p in the longitudinal direction which is less than the effective wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation, at least on average over a diffraction structure. In a plan view, the individual substructures respectively have the shape of a closed geometrical surface, which has an extent parallel to the longitudinal direction that varies perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction. Perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction, the surface has a maximum extent which is greater than the effective wavelength.
摘要:
A method described is distinguished by the fact that an external test device brings about the execution, in a program-controlled unit, of a program that initiates, performs or supports the testing of the program-controlled unit. As a result, program-controlled units can be rapidly and reliably tested under all circumstances with minimal outlay.
摘要:
A method of measuring a deviation of an optical surface from a target shape and a method of manufacturing an optical element. The method of measuring the deviation includes:—performing a first interferometric measurement using a first diffractive measurement structure, which is arranged to cover a first area of the optical surface, to provide a first interferometric measurement result,—performing a second interferometric measurement using a second diffractive measurement structure, which is arranged to cover a second area of the optical surface different from the first area, to provide a second interferometric measurement result, and—determining a deviation of the optical surface from the target shape.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus for testing a semiconductor device. A testing interface is configured to interface with an external test apparatus and a device under test (DUT). In one embodiment, the testing interface receives test data and a test clock signal from the external test apparatus. The test data is clocked out of the testing interface and to the DUT according to the test clock signal. Further, the test clock signal is delayed by a period of time and then a delayed clock signal is issued to the device. The data previously written to the DUT is read out of the DUT and compared with the test data received from the external test apparatus. The period of time by which the test clock signal is delayed can be varied to achieve a desired timing.
摘要:
In order to test digital modules with functional elements, these are divided into test units (3) which respectively have inputs and outputs. Alternating test patterns are applied to the inputs of the test unit (3), and the test responses resulting from this are evaluated at the outputs of the test unit (3). The effect is then encountered that changes at each of the inputs of a test unit (3) do not all affect a particular output of this test unit (3). For every output of the test unit (3), it is possible to define a cone (5) whose apex is formed by the particular output of the test unit (3) and whose base comprises the inputs of the test unit (3) where, and only where, changes affect the particular output. According to the invention, the test pattern to be applied to the inputs of the test unit (3) is constructed of sub-patterns, whose length is in particular
摘要:
Unidirectional input switching arrangements or pad circuits are supplemented by transfer switching devices employed to route an internal test signal to the input of an input driver in the unidirectional input switching arrangement and to couple it to an internal switching logic unit. The transfer switching devices are controlled via a multiplexer unit, which for its part can be programmed directly using boundary scan registers. The present invention allows all unidirectional pad circuits or input drivers to be tested in the course of a reduced I/O test method for semiconductor circuits, in which testing internal circuits in the semiconductor circuit involves only a subset of the signal connections associated with the input drivers being coupled to a test apparatus.