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公开(公告)号：US5434876A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-18
申请号：US965457
申请日：1992-10-23
IPC分类号： H01S3/07 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/0941 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/13 , H01S3/131 , H01S3/17
CPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H01S2301/02 , H01S3/0941 , H01S3/1312 , Y10S372/703
摘要： We have discovered that at least some optical waveguide lasers such as Er-doped fiber lasers are subject to excessive output amplitude fluctuations, including severe fluctuations when the laser is subjected to mechanical shock. We have determined that these highly undesirable fluctuations are due to a resonance phenomenon, and that the fluctuations can be at least substantially reduced by means of a feedback loop that makes the amplitude of the output of the pump laser responsive to the amplitude of the output of the waveguide laser. We have also discovered that the operation of a pump laser/waveguide laser combination is frequently improved if an appropriate non-reciprocal element (e.g., an isolator or a tilted wavelength filter) is placed between the two lasers. An exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises the feedback loop as well as the non-reciprocal element.
摘要翻译： 我们已经发现，至少有些光波导激光器如掺铒光纤激光器会受到过大的输出幅度波动，包括当激光器受到机械冲击时的严重波动。 我们已经确定这些非常不期望的波动是由于谐振现象引起的，并且可以通过使得泵浦激光器的输出的幅度响应于输出的振幅的反馈回路至少大大降低波动 波导激光器。 我们还发现，如果在两个激光器之间放置适当的非可逆元件（例如，隔离器或倾斜波长滤光器），则泵激光器/波导激光器组合的操作经常被改进。 本发明的示例性实施例包括反馈回路以及非可逆元件。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5057781A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-15
申请号：US387260
申请日：1989-07-31
IPC分类号： C03C25/12
CPC分类号： C03C25/12
摘要： A method of for manufacturing a coated optical fiber includes depositing a conductive coating on the optical fiber and measuring a value of conductance of that coating. Featured within the manufacturing method is a method for measuring the thickness of the conductive coating on an insulator, e.g., carbon on an optical fiber, including the following steps. An electromagnetic field is established by an input signal. The conductively coated insulator is moved through the energized electromagnetic field. The conductive coating on the insulator is oriented with respect to the electric field so that their interaction increases transmission loss from input to output. An output signal is extracted from the electromagnetic field. From changes in the output signal with respect to a predetermined standard, or reference, the conductance and the thickness of the conductive coating are determined. From the measured thickness of the coating, a control signal is generated for dynamically controlling one or more of the process parameters for depositing the coating on the insulator from a precursor gas. The coated insulator continuously moves through the apparatus without any physical contact. No interruption of the production process occurs.
摘要翻译： 一种制造涂覆光纤的方法包括在光纤上沉积导电涂层并测量该涂层的电导值。 该制造方法中的特征是用于测量绝缘体上的导电涂层的厚度的方法，例如光纤上的碳，包括以下步骤。 通过输入信号建立电磁场。 导电涂覆的绝缘体移动通过通电的电磁场。 绝缘体上的导电涂层相对于电场定向，使得它们的相互作用增加了从输入到输出的传输损耗。 从电磁场中提取输出信号。 根据输出信号相对于预定标准或参考的变化，确定导电涂层的电导和厚度。 从测量的涂层厚度，产生控制信号以动态地控制一个或多个工艺参数，用于从前体气体沉积绝缘体上的涂层。 涂覆的绝缘体连续移动通过设备而没有任何物理接触。 不会中断生产过程。
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3.发明授权Method of making optical fiber with reduced E-band and L-band loss peaks 有权具有降低的E波段和L波段损耗峰值的光纤的制造方法公开(公告)号：US06865327B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-08
申请号：US10247100
申请日：2002-09-19
申请人： Robert M. Atkins , Alice W. Liu , Poul Kristensen , Morten Østergaard Pedersen , Stig Nissen Knudsen , Jan Levin Nielsen , Jake Bromage , Kai H. Chang
发明人： Robert M. Atkins , Alice W. Liu , Poul Kristensen , Morten Østergaard Pedersen , Stig Nissen Knudsen , Jan Levin Nielsen , Jake Bromage , Kai H. Chang
IPC分类号： C03B37/014 , C03C13/04 , G02B6/02
CPC分类号： C03C13/045 , C03B37/014 , C03B2201/03 , C03B2201/07 , G02B6/02
摘要： Applicants have discovered the existence of loss peaks in optical fiber transmission systems using wavelengths in the E-band and the L-band. Specifically, they have discovered the existence of narrow loss peaks at 1440 nm, 1583 nm and 1614 nm. Because the peaks are relatively narrow, they cannot be easily removed by conventional gain equalizers in long haul transmission systems, and although the peaks are relatively small, they can nonetheless cause transmission channels to drop out in amplified DWDM transmission systems. Applicants have further discovered that these loss peaks are due to carbon contamination of the transmission fiber. Thus optical fibers should be fabricated essentially free of carbon contamination. This means eliminating carbon-containing reagents in preform and tube-making processes.
摘要翻译： 申请人已经发现在使用E波段和L波段的光纤传输系统中存在损耗峰值。 具体来说，他们已经发现在1440nm，1583nm和1614nm处存在窄的损耗峰。 由于峰值相对较窄，它们不能通过长距离传输系统中的常规增益均衡器容易地去除，尽管峰值相对较小，但是它们仍可能使传输信道在放大的DWDM传输系统中丢失。 申请人进一步发现，这些损失峰值是由于传输纤维的碳污染。 因此，光纤应该基本上没有碳污染。 这意味着在预成型件和制管工艺中消除含碳试剂。
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公开(公告)号：US5235659A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-10
申请号：US878802
申请日：1992-05-05
CPC分类号： G02B6/13 , G02B6/02114 , G02B6/124 , G02B2006/12038
摘要： Unexpectedly large normalized refractive index changes (.DELTA.>10.sup.-5, but possibly even larger than 10.sup.-3) can be obtained in SiO.sub.2 -based optical waveguides (fiber or planar waveguides) by a treatment that comprises exposing at least a portion of the waveguide at a temperature of at most 250.degree. C. to H.sub.2 (partial pressure greater than 1 atmosphere), and irradiating at least a part of the exposed portion with actinic (typically UV) radiation.
摘要翻译： 在基于SiO 2的光波导（光纤或平面波导）中可以获得意想不到的大的归一化折射率变化（DELTA> 10-5，但是可能甚至大于10-3），该处理包括使至少一部分波导 在至多250℃的温度下至H 2（分压大于1个大气压），并用光化（通常为UV）辐射照射至少一部分曝光部分。
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公开(公告)号：US5455835A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-03
申请号：US195190
申请日：1994-02-07
IPC分类号： H01S3/07 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/0941 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/13 , H01S3/131 , H01S3/17 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H01S2301/02 , H01S3/0941 , H01S3/1312 , Y10S372/703
摘要： We have discovered that at least some optical waveguide lasers such as Er-doped fiber lasers are subject to excessive output amplitude fluctuations, including severe fluctuations when the laser is subjected to mechanical shock. We have determined that these highly undesirable fluctuations are due to a resonance phenomenon, and that the fluctuations can be at least substantially reduced by means of a feedback loop that makes the amplitude of the output of the pump laser responsive to the amplitude of the output of the waveguide laser. We have also discovered that the operation of a pump laser/waveguide laser combination is frequently improved if an appropriate non-reciprocal element (e.g., an isolator or a tilted wavelength filter) is placed between the two lasers. An exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises the feedback loop as well as the non-reciprocal element.
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公开(公告)号：US20100287993A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-18
申请号：US12799561
申请日：2010-04-27
申请人： Robert M. Atkins , James W. Fleming , Paul F. Glodis , Man F. Yan
发明人： Robert M. Atkins , James W. Fleming , Paul F. Glodis , Man F. Yan
IPC分类号： C03B37/018
CPC分类号： C03B37/01869 , C03B37/01211 , C03B37/01248 , C03B37/01861 , C03B2201/04 , C03B2203/22
摘要： The specification describes methods for the manufacture of very large optical fiber preforms wherein the core material is produced by MCVD. Previous limitations on preform size inherent in having the MCVD starting tube as part of the preform process are eliminated by removing the MCVD starting tube material from the collapsed MCVD rod by etching or mechanical grinding. Doped overcladding tubes are used to provide the outer segments of the refractive index profile thus making most effective use of the MCVD produced glass and allowing the production of significantly larger MCVD preforms than previously possible.
摘要翻译： 该说明书描述了用于制造非常大的光纤预制件的方法，其中芯材料通过MCVD制造。 通过蚀刻或机械研磨，通过从收缩的MCVD棒中除去MCVD起始管材料，从而消除了将MCVD起始管作为预制件工艺的一部分而固有的预制件尺寸的限制。 掺杂的外包管用于提供折射率分布的外部部分，从而最有效地利用MCVD生产的玻璃，并允许生产比之前可能的显着更大的MCVD预成型件。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07069883B2
公开(公告)日：2006-07-04
申请号：US11034129
申请日：2005-01-12
申请人： Robert M. Atkins
发明人： Robert M. Atkins
IPC分类号： F02F1/36
CPC分类号： F02B75/243 , F01P3/02 , F01P7/16 , F01P11/04 , F01P2031/22 , F02B61/04 , F02B69/00 , F02B2075/027 , F02B2075/1816
摘要： Early stage detection of engine liquid cooling problems is provided with temperature, pressure and other sensors and associated logic circuits configured for detecting alarm conditions including below normal static coolant pressure coupled with an elevated coolant temperature, above normal static coolant pressure, below normal coolant pump pressure condition, coolant voids due to coolant loss or boiling, and external steam or liquid leakage from the cooling system. A gauge displays the difference between coolant pump output pressure and static coolant pressure.
摘要翻译： 发动机液体冷却问题的早期检测提供有温度，压力和其他传感器和相关联的逻辑电路，其配置用于检测报警条件，包括低于正常静态冷却剂压力，以及高于正常静态冷却剂压力，低于正常冷却剂泵压力 冷却液损失或沸腾导致的冷却剂空隙以及冷却系统外部蒸气或液体泄漏。 压力表显示冷却液泵输出压力和静态冷却剂压力之间的差异。
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8.发明授权Liquid cooling system and retrofit for horizontally opposed air cooled piston aircraft engines 有权液体冷却系统和水平相对的空气冷却活塞式飞机发动机改造公开(公告)号：US06408803B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-25
申请号：US09693757
申请日：2000-10-19
申请人： Robert M. Atkins
发明人： Robert M. Atkins
IPC分类号： F02F110
CPC分类号： F02B75/243 , F01P3/02 , F01P7/16 , F01P11/04 , F01P2031/22 , F02B61/04 , F02B69/00 , F02B2075/027 , F02B2075/1816
摘要： A cooling system for conversion of air cooled aircraft engines to liquid cooling, including replacement cylinders, light weight, flex tolerant coolant manifolds and cooling system instrumentation for monitoring coolant temperature and pressure. The replacement cylinders have internal gating of coolant flow between a cylinder jacket and cylinder head exhaust port cooling passages for continuous high power operation of the engine.
摘要翻译： 用于将空气冷却飞机发动机转换为液体冷却的冷却系统，包括更换气缸，重量轻，耐弯曲冷却液歧管和用于监测冷却液温度和压力的冷却系统仪器。 更换的气缸具有在气缸套和气缸盖排气口冷却通道之间的冷却剂流的内部门控，用于发动机的连续高功率运行。
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公开(公告)号：US5500031A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-19
申请号：US357353
申请日：1994-12-14
CPC分类号： G02B6/02114 , C03C23/00 , C03C23/001 , C03C23/007 , C03C25/00 , C03C25/002 , C03C25/6213 , G02B6/124 , G02B6/13 , G02B2006/12038 , G02B6/02133 , G02B6/02142
摘要： In accordance with the invention, the index of refraction of a glassy material is increased by treating the material with hydrogen and applying heat. Specifically, the glass is exposed to hydrogen or deuterium at pressure in the range 14-11,000 p.s.i. and a temperature in the range 21.degree.-150.degree. C. for a time sufficient for the hydrogen to diffuse into the glass. The glass is then subjected to heat in excess of about 500.degree. C., as by application of a flame or infrared radiation. The duration of heating can be less than a second. The result is a substantial and long-lived increase in the normalized refractive index. For example, flame heating of H.sub.2 loaded commercial GeO.sub.2 doped optical fibers (AT&T Accutether single mode fiber) has produced normalized index changes .increment.n/n of 4.times.10.sup.-3. This process can be used to make and adjust a variety of optical waveguide devices.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，通过用氢处理材料并施加热量来增加玻璃状材料的折射率。 具体地说，将玻璃暴露于氢或氘，压力范围为14-11,000p.s.i。 和温度在21°-150℃范围内的时间足以使氢扩散到玻璃中。 然后通过施加火焰或红外辐射，将玻璃经受超过约500℃的热量。 加热的持续时间可以少于一秒。 结果是归一化折射率的实质性和长寿命的增加。 例如，H2负载商业化的GeO2掺杂光纤（AT＆T Accutether单模光纤）的火焰加热已经产生4×10 -3的归一化指数变化INCREMENT n / n。 该过程可用于制造和调整各种光波导器件。
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10.发明授权Large aperture device for controlling thickness of conductive coatings on optical fibers 失效用于控制光纤上导电涂层厚度的大孔径装置
公开(公告)号：US5372622A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-13
申请号：US55129
申请日：1993-04-30
摘要： Described is a new method and apparatus for measuring the thickness of a thin conductive coating deposited on a moving elongated dielectric body. Of special use is an application of a carbon coating on an optical fiber. The thickness of the conductive coating is measured by establishing an electromagnetic field in a resonator including an elongated unshielded helix and a pair of coupling loops. The helix is suspended between the coupling loops out of contact with either one of them. An electromagnetic energy is coupled into one loop as an input signal from a source of electromagnetic energy and coupled out from the other loop as an output signal. The difference between the magnitude of energy of an empty helix or of a helix with an uncoated body, and the helix with a coated body, is used for controlling the coating process. The inner diameter of the helix is large relative to the diameter of the elongated body being at least five times the diameter of the fiber and the spacing between the coils of the helix being equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the rod, wire or tubing making up the coil. The general principles stated herein can be applied over a wide range of radio frequencies, typically from about 100 MHz to 100 GHz, and can be applied to a wide range of coating configurations by appropriately selecting a frequency range and equipment that is compatible with the selected frequency range.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于测量沉积在移动的细长介质体上的薄导电涂层的厚度的新方法和装置。 特别使用的是碳纤维涂层在光纤上的应用。 通过在包括细长的非屏蔽螺旋和一对耦合环的谐振器中建立电磁场来测量导电涂层的厚度。 螺旋悬挂在与其中任何一个接触的耦合回路之间。 电磁能量作为来自电磁能源的输入信号耦合到一个环路中，并作为输出信号从另一个环路耦合出来。 使用空螺旋线或具有未涂覆体的螺旋线的能量的大小与涂覆体的螺旋线之间的差异来控制涂覆过程。 螺旋体的内径相对于细长体的直径大至少是纤维直径的五倍，并且螺旋线圈之间的间距等于棒，线或管的横截面尺寸 组成线圈 本文所述的一般原理可以应用在广泛的射频频率范围内，通常从大约100MHz到100GHz，并且可以通过适当地选择频率范围和与所选择的兼容的设备来应用于广泛的涂层配置 频率范围。
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