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1.发明申请Process for the transesterification of fat and/or oil by heterogeneous catalysis 审中-公开通过非均相催化酯交换脂肪和/或油的方法公开(公告)号：US20050020843A1
公开(公告)日：2005-01-27
申请号：US10887455
申请日：2004-07-08
摘要： A process for preparing fat and/or oil with a modified distribution of fatty acids in the glycerides by heterogeneously catalysed transesterification, wherein the process comprises reaction of the fat and/or oil of biological origin to be transesterified in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a metal salt of a basic amino acid or an amino acid derivative. The disadvantages of conventional transesterification processes can be overcome by using this catalyst.
摘要翻译： 一种通过异构催化酯交换制备具有脂肪酸在甘油酯中的分布改变的脂肪和/或油的方法，其中所述方法包括将生物来源的脂肪和/或油在催化剂存在下进行酯交换反应，所述催化剂由 碱性氨基酸或氨基酸衍生物的金属盐。 通过使用该催化剂可以克服常规酯交换方法的缺点。
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公开(公告)号：US06407306B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-18
申请号：US09709823
申请日：2000-11-10
IPC分类号： C07C40300
CPC分类号： C07C403/24 , C09B61/00
摘要： A process is described for extracting carotenes from carotene-containing materials, in particular from fats and oils of biological origin, which provides for extraction of carotene-containing material with an extractant comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,Ndimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 4-formylmorpholine, 4-acetylmorpholine, 4-methylmorpholine, 4-phenylmorpholine.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于从含胡萝卜素的材料，特别是从生物来源的脂肪和油中提取胡萝卜素的方法，其提供了含有至少一种选自乙腈，N- N-甲基吡咯烷酮，N，N-二甲基甲酰胺，N，N-二甲基乙酰胺，4-甲酰基吗啉，4-乙酰基吗啉，4-甲基吗啉，4-苯基吗啉。
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公开(公告)号：US5646258A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-08
申请号：US555564
申请日：1995-11-08
CPC分类号： C07H15/04
摘要： A method for synthesizing alkyl glucosides by the acetalization of sugars, particularly glucose, with alcohols in excess and subsequent separation of the excess alcohol by extraction, the extraction being carried out with an extraction agent, which is close to the critical point at a reduced pressure in the range of 0.8 to 1.3 and preferably of 0.9 to 1.2 at pressures, which are selected so that the density of the extraction agent, which is close to the critical point, is greater than 180 kg/m.sup.3.
摘要翻译： 通过将醇，特别是葡萄糖与醇过量缩合并随后通过萃取分离过量的醇来合成烷基葡糖苷的方法，用萃取剂进行萃取，该提取剂在减压下接近临界点 在0.8至1.3的范围内，优选在0.9至1.2的压力下进行选择，使得接近临界点的萃取剂的密度大于180kg / m 3。
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公开(公告)号：US5512692A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-30
申请号：US320770
申请日：1994-10-11
申请人： Siegfried Peter , Bernd Czech , Eckard Weidner
发明人： Siegfried Peter , Bernd Czech , Eckard Weidner
CPC分类号： C07C67/58
摘要： Described is a process for removing glycerol and/or diglycerol from glycerides and glyceride mixtures by extraction, which process is characterized in that the glyceride or glyceride mixture is dissolved in organic compounds which preferably contain carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, if desired in combination with hydrocarbons, and that glycerol is extracted from the resulting solution with the aid of water. Thereby glycerol concentrations in the material to be purified of 0.1 weight % or lower may be obtained in a simple manner.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种通过萃取从甘油酯和甘油酯混合物中除去甘油和/或双甘油的方法，该方法的特征在于甘油酯或甘油酯混合物溶解在有机化合物中，如果需要，可以与烃结合使用含有羰基和羟基的有机化合物， 并且借助于水从所得溶液中提取甘油。 因此，纯化物质中的甘油浓度可以以简单的方式得到0.1重量％以下。
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公开(公告)号：US4882139A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-21
申请号：US277700
申请日：1988-11-30
申请人： Herbert Beneke , Siegfried Peter
发明人： Herbert Beneke , Siegfried Peter
摘要： In a process for the production of carbon fibers from high boiling bituminous substances in which a purified and polymerized concentrated carbon fiber precursor is spun into fibers which are oxidized and then carbonized and optionally graphitized, the improvement comprising just before spinning a supercritical gas is dissolved in mesophase pitch at a pressure of 100 to 350 bars and a temperature up to 150.degree. K. below the melting temperature of the mesophase pitch to form a low viscosity melt, separating the latter into an isotropic phase and an anisotropic carbon fiber precursor and spinning the latter into fibers whereby the spinning temperature is lowered and the mesophase contact is increased due to the viscosity lowering activity of the supercritical gas.
摘要翻译： 在由高沸点沥青物质生产碳纤维的方法中，将纯化和聚合的浓缩碳纤维前体纺丝成氧化然后碳化并任选石墨化的纤维，在将超临界气体旋转之前的改进溶解在 在100至350巴的压力下，中温相沥青的温度高于中间相沥青的熔融温度至150°K，以形成低粘度熔体，将其分离成各向同性相和各向异性碳纤维前体，并纺丝 后者变成纤维，由此由于超临界气体的降粘活性，纺丝温度降低并且中间相接触增加。
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公开(公告)号：US4871443A
公开(公告)日：1989-10-03
申请号：US331592
申请日：1989-03-30
CPC分类号： C10C1/00
摘要： A method of removing salts from coal tar and coal pitches comprising washing coal tar or coal pitch in a pressure container with water and a carbon dioxide containing gas at a temperature and pressure near the critical point of the gas in the optional presence of at least one member of the group consisting of a solvent and an entraining agent, removing the liquid or dissolved tar or pitch to obtain tar or pitch with a low salt content and removing the aqueous phase whereby all the resins remain in the tar or pitch.
摘要翻译： 一种从煤焦油和煤沥青中除去盐的方法，包括在压力容器中用水和含二氧化碳的气体在靠近气体临界点的温度和压力下洗涤煤焦油或煤沥青，任选存在至少一种 由溶剂和夹带剂组成的组分，除去液体或溶解的焦油或沥青以获得低盐含量的焦油或沥青，并除去水相，由此所有树脂保留在焦油或沥青中。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4543193A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-24
申请号：US516900
申请日：1983-07-25
CPC分类号： E21B37/06 , C09K8/60 , Y10S507/932
摘要： Process for preventing the precipitation of elementary sulfur in the riser pipes of probes for natural gas including a solvent for sulfur. For the dissolution of the precipitating elementary sulfur an ester of an optionally mono- or poly-unsaturated fatty acid and/or the reaction product of H.sub.2 S with an ester of a mono- or poly-unsaturated fatty acid, optionally in solution, is used. The solvent for sulfur is liquid under the conditions in the mining probe and only slightly soluble in the gas.
摘要翻译： 用于防止包括用于硫的溶剂的天然气探针的提升管中的元素硫沉淀的方法。 为了溶解沉淀的元素硫，可以使用任选的单或多不饱和脂肪酸和/或H 2 S的反应产物的酯与任选在溶液中的单不饱和脂肪酸或多不饱和脂肪酸的酯。 在采矿探针中的条件下，硫的溶剂是液体，只是微溶于气体。
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公开(公告)号：US4508543A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-02
申请号：US29719
申请日：1979-04-13
申请人： Siegfried Peter
发明人： Siegfried Peter
CPC分类号： C10J3/78 , C10J3/00 , C10J3/74 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0979 , C10J2300/0986
摘要： Disclosed is a process for gasifying solid carbon fuels with steam. After forming a supersaturated solution of catalyst in steam the pressure is reduced to reaction pressure.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用蒸汽气化固体碳燃料的方法。 在蒸汽中形成催化剂的过饱和溶液后，压力降低到反应压力。
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9.发明授权Process for removing free fatty acids from fats and oils of biological origin or their steam distillates 失效从生物来源的油脂或其蒸馏馏分中除去游离脂肪酸的方法公开(公告)号：US06579996B2
公开(公告)日：2003-06-17
申请号：US10046063
申请日：2001-10-20
IPC分类号： C11B300
CPC分类号： C11B3/06
摘要： A method for removing free fatty acids from fats or oils of biological origin or their steam distillates by extracting the free fatty acids with a mixture of basic organic nitrogen compounds and water as an extraction medium at a temperature below the boiling point of the organic nitrogen compounds. The content of the basic organic nitrogen compounds in the extraction medium is 20-30% by weight. In this manner, the formation of a viscous soapstock which is difficult to remove is prevented. The boiling point of the basic organic nitrogen compounds used is the same as or above boiling point of water and below the boiling point of the fatty acids to be extracted in order to enable simple recovery of the extraction medium.
摘要翻译： 通过在低于有机氮化合物的沸点的温度下用碱性有机氮化合物和水的混合物萃取游离脂肪酸作为提取介质，从生物来源的脂肪或油或其蒸汽馏出物中除去游离脂肪酸的方法 。 萃取介质中碱性有机氮化合物的含量为20-60％（重量）。 以这种方式，防止了难以去除的粘性肥皂的形成。 使用的碱性有机氮化合物的沸点与水的沸点相同或高于待提取的脂肪酸的沸点，以使得能够简单地回收萃取介质。
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公开(公告)号：US06211390B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-03
申请号：US09269090
申请日：1999-12-03
申请人： Siegfried Peter , Ruth Ganswindt , Eckhard Weidner
发明人： Siegfried Peter , Ruth Ganswindt , Eckhard Weidner
IPC分类号： C07C5100
摘要： The invention concerns a method for producing fatty acid esters from fatty acid triglyceride and in particular from animal or vegetable fats and oils by transesterification with a monovalent low-molecular weight alcohol in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. In accordance with the invention, the formed fatty acid ester is extracted from the reaction mixture by means of a near-critical extractant. In this way fatty acid esters are obtained at high yield and excellent purity. As the extractant preferably a low pressure gas having a reduced temperature at 20° C. of about 0.7, preferably of equal to or greater than 0.7, is employed. Preferred extractants are carbon dioxide, propane, butane, dimethyl ether, ethyl acetate or mixtures thereof.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种通过在均相或多相催化剂存在下通过与一价低分子量醇的酯交换从脂肪酸甘油三酯，特别是动物或植物脂肪和油制备脂肪酸酯的方法。 根据本发明，通过近临界萃取剂从反应混合物中提取形成的脂肪酸酯。 以这种方式获得高产率和优异纯度的脂肪酸酯。 作为萃取剂，优选使用在20℃下的温度降低约0.7，优选等于或大于0.7的低压气体。 优选的萃取剂是二氧化碳，丙烷，丁烷，二甲醚，乙酸乙酯或其混合物。
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