摘要:
The system (40) provides for directing a hydrogen-rich reformate fuel stream from a reformer (42) through a sulfur removal bed (50) having a sulfur removal material consisting of manganese oxide secured to a support material. A regeneration fluid is intermittently directed through the bed (50) to remove sulfur and regenerate the bed. A regeneration-produced sulfur containing stream is then directed into a sulfur capture bed (54) having a heat source (60) and a flush inlet (62) and flush outlet (64). The sulfur capture bed (54) includes sulfur capture material consisting of nickel oxysulfide catalyst supported on silicon carbide. When the heat source (60) heats the sulfur capture bed (54) a flush liquid passed through the flush inlet (62), capture bed (54), and flush outlet (64) to transport elemental sulfur to a sulfur storage container (50).
摘要:
A method that redistributes light from a light source. The controller can redistribute light to make an irradiance profile of the light source more uniform or make the irradiance profile match a fluid flow profile. The irradiance profile may be controlled by modifying light leakage from a plurality of waveguides or changing the light-directing properties of reflectors and/or lenses.
摘要:
A concentrated solar energy system includes a photovoltaic cell, an optical concentrator, a heat removal system, and means for providing thermal contact between the photovoltaic cell and the heat removal system. The optical concentrator is configured to direct concentrated solar energy to the photovoltaic cell such that the photovoltaic cell generates electricity and heat. The heat removal system removes heat from the photovoltaic cell. The means for providing thermal contact provides an effective thermal conductivity per unit length between the photovoltaic cell and the heat removal system of greater than about 50 kilowatts per square meter per degree Celsius.
摘要:
This invention involves a process for dimeric carbonylation of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of an alkanol and a palladium-phosphine complex catalyst to yield alkyl nonadienoate.An important aspect of the invention process is the recovery of a separate alkanol-rich liquid phase which contains the catalyst in a highly reactive form suitable for recycle.
摘要:
A process for producing zeolite aggregates involves providing a formable paste composed of zeolite, a binder composed of an organic/metal oxide containing aluminum, a peptizing agent and water; forming the paste into an aggregate, preferably by extruding into an extrudate; curing the aggregate; hydro-thermally calcining the aggregate; and washing the hydro-thermally calcined aggregate with a washing medium, preferably followed by rinsing with a rinsing medium to remove residual washing medium from the aggregate. The washed and rinsed aggregate may then be permitted to equilibrate or is subjected to a drying procedure. Preferably, the washed and rinsed aggregate is again subjected to curing/hydro-thermal calcining. The resultant aggregates, such as extrudates, have an exterior surface with openings and interstitial spaces between particles of binder and zeolite which communicate by such openings between the exterior surface of the aggregate and micropores of the zeolite; the aggregates also exhibit characteristics of crush strength greater than about 0.9 pounds per millimeter and a loss by attrition of less than about 3.0%. Regenerable catalysts, such as reforming catalysts, based on such aggregate also exhibit a catalyst activity pass through to the zeolite bound in the aggregate of at least 70% of the initial catalyst activity of freshly prepared zeolite, as well as exhibiting more than about 70% of the reforming benzene yield that the reforming catalyst exhibited when similarly tested prior to being exposed to a hydrocarbon stream under specified reforming conditions of the catalyst activity test procedures.
摘要:
This invention provides an improved catalyst for vapor phase oxidation of propylene or isobutylene to the corresponding acrolein or methacrolein product. In a preferred embodiment, the oxidation catalyst corresponds to the formula:Mo.sub.12 Co.sub.4-5 Fe.sub.2-4 Ni.sub.2-3 Bi.sub.0.5-2 K.sub.0.65-1.3 P.sub.0.35-0.5 O.sub.xThis invention further provides a method of preparing the improved oxidation catalyst which in one important aspect of the preparation involves controlling the pH of an aqueous slurry admixture of catalyst components within the range of about 1-5.
摘要:
This invention provides an improved catalyst for vapor phase oxidation of propylene or isobutylene to the corresponding acrolein or methacrolein product. In a preferred embodiment, the oxidation catalyst corresponds to the formula:Mo.sub.12 Ni.sub.6 Bi.sub.1.5-2.5 Co.sub.2 Fe.sub.2 Sb.sub.2 Zn.sub.0.3 -0.8K.sub.0.4 -2O.sub.xThis invention further provides a method of preparing the improved oxidation catalyst which in one important aspect of the preparation involves controlling the pH of an aqueous slurry admixture of catalyst components within the range of about 1-5.
摘要:
This invention provides an improved catalyst for vapor phase oxidation of propylene or isobutylene to the corresponding acrolein or methacrolein product. In a preferred embodiment, the oxidation catalyst corresponds to the formula:Mo.sub.12 Co.sub.4-5 Fe.sub.2-4 Ni.sub.2-3 Bi.sub.0.5-2 K.sub.0.65-1.3 P.sub.0.35-0.5 O.sub.xThis formula further provides a method of preparing the improved oxidation catalyst which in one important aspect of the preparation involves controlling the pH of an aqueous slurry admixture of catalyst components within the range of about 1-5.
摘要:
This invention provides an improved hydrogenation process for converting .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated carbonylic compounds into the corresponding allylic alcohol derivatives in the presence of a novel silver-cadmium alloy catalyst. Acrolein is hydrogenated to allyl alcohol with 100 percent conversion and 70 percent yield.
摘要:
There is disclosed a selective process for preparing alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol in the vapor phase. This process comprises reacting an alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated aldehyde such as acrolein with a hydrogen-containing gas in the vapor phase in the presence of a supported partially decomposed rhenium catalyst. A preferred catalyst comprises the partial decomposition product of rhenium decacarbonyl and a large pore diameter support material such as controlled pore size type glass.A particularly selective vapor phase reduction results when the reaction is carried out in the presence of a critical amount of a selective catalyst poison such as carbon monoxide or carbon disulfide. This selective catalyst poison substantially inhibits the conversion of reactant to undesired product but does not substantially interfere with the conversion of reactant to the desired products.