公开(公告)号：US08883469B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-11

申请号：US12922186

申请日：2009-02-10

申请人： Ties Karstens

发明人： Ties Karstens

IPC分类号： C12P7/10 ,  D21C3/20

CPC分类号： C12P7/10 ,  D21C3/20 ,  Y02E50/16

摘要： The description relates to a method of producing bioethanol by separating lignin from a crushed lignocellulose biomass and obtaining cellulose and, if required, hemicellulose and additionally processing the cellulose or the mixture of cellulose and hemicellulose to form sugars and subsequently form bioethanol. The method is characterized in that crushed lignocelluloses biomass is treated with an alkanolamine for extracting the lignin therein, the lignin solution is separated, the residue containing cellulose/hemicellulose is converted to sugars without drying, and the sugars are fermented to obtain bioethanol. The raw cellulose (cellulose/hemicellulose), owing to its high reactivity, can easily be converted into sugar, which can be fermented to form bioethanol.

摘要翻译： 该描述涉及通过从破碎的木质纤维素生物质中分离木质素并获得纤维素和（如果需要的话）半纤维素并另外加工纤维素或纤维素和半纤维素的混合物以形成糖并随后形成生物乙醇来生产生物乙醇的方法。 该方法的特征在于，用链烷醇胺处理破碎的木质纤维素生物质用于提取木质素，分离木质素溶液，将含有纤维素/半纤维素的残余物转化成糖而不干燥，并将糖发酵得到生物乙醇。 原纤维素（纤维素/半纤维素）由于其高反应性，可以容易地转化为糖，其可以被发酵形成生物乙醇。

公开(公告)号：US06416621B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-09

申请号：US09646054

申请日：2000-09-11

申请人： Ties Karstens

发明人： Ties Karstens

IPC分类号： D21B136

CPC分类号： B01J19/20 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J3/02 ,  B01J2219/185 ,  B01J2219/1943 ,  C08B1/00 ,  D21C3/024 ,  D21C7/00

摘要： The invention relates to a process for the treatment of solids with pressurized liquid gases, in particular liquid ammonia, with which the to be treated solid is fed into a pressure reactor at atmospheric pressure. Subsequently the pressurized liquid gas is fed to the pressure reactor and after a pre-set dwell time the resultant liquid gas/solid mixture is expanded explosion-like into an expansion tank. With this at least two reactors are operated in a time-staggered manner. Furthermore an apparatus is described for the treatment of solids with pressurized liquid gases, which comprises at least two parallel arranged pressure reactors for the alternating taking in of a solid and a liquid gas, which each have inlet and outlet openings for the solid provided with shut-off elements as well as each at least one inlet opening for the liquid gas, at least one expansion tank which is connected to the respective pressure reactors, and conveying means for feeding the solid as well as the liquid gas.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用加压液体气体，特别是液氨处理固体的方法，将待处理的固体与大气压进入压力反应器。 随后将加压的液体气体进料到压力反应器中，并且在预设的停留时间之后，所得到的液体气体/固体混合物膨胀膨胀成膨胀罐。 有了这个至少两个反应堆以时间交错的方式运行。 此外，描述了一种用于用加压液体气体处理固体的装置，其包括用于交替吸入固体和液体气体的至少两个平行布置的压力反应器，每个压力反应器具有用于固体的入口和出口， 每个至少一个用于液体气体的入口，至少一个连接到各个压力反应器的膨胀罐，以及用于供给固体以及液体气体的输送装置。

公开(公告)号：US20110111474A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-12

申请号：US12922186

申请日：2009-02-10

申请人： Ties Karstens

发明人： Ties Karstens

IPC分类号： C12P7/10

CPC分类号： C12P7/10 ,  D21C3/20 ,  Y02E50/16

摘要： The description relates to a method of producing bioethanol by separating lignin from a crushed lignocellulose biomass and obtaining cellulose and, if required, hemicellulose and additionally processing the cellulose or the mixture of cellulose and hemicellulose to form sugars and subsequently form bioethanol. The method is characterised in that crushed lignocelluloses biomass is treated with an alkanolamine for extracting the lignin therein, the lignin solution is separated, the residue containing cellulose/hemicellulose is converted to sugars without drying, and the sugars are fermented to obtain bioethanol. The raw cellulose (cellulose/hemicellulose), owing to its high reactivity, can easily be converted into sugar, which can be fermented to form bioethanol.

摘要翻译： 该描述涉及通过从破碎的木质纤维素生物质中分离木质素并获得纤维素和（如果需要的话）半纤维素并另外加工纤维素或纤维素和半纤维素的混合物以形成糖并随后形成生物乙醇来生产生物乙醇的方法。 该方法的特征在于，用链烷醇胺处理破碎的木质纤维素生物质用于提取木质素，分离木质素溶液，将含有纤维素/半纤维素的残余物转化成糖而不干燥，并将糖发酵得到生物乙醇。 原纤维素（纤维素/半纤维素）由于其高反应性，可以容易地转化为糖，其可以被发酵形成生物乙醇。

公开(公告)号：US20050065336A1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-24

申请号：US10496853

申请日：2002-11-27

申请人： Ties Karstens

发明人： Ties Karstens

IPC分类号： C13K1/02 ,  C13K13/00 ,  C07H1/00

CPC分类号： C13K13/002 ,  C13K1/02

摘要： The invention is directed to a method for separating xylose from lignocelluloses rich in xylan, particularly wood, and for obtaining pulp, characterized by the following steps: (1) pretreating wood chips through mechanical destruction of the original structure; (2) impregnating the obtained wood mass with diluted mineral acid; (3) carrying out prehydrolysis of the obtained wood mass modified by the process under the influence of steam at an elevated temperature to hydrolyze the obtained hemicelluloses; and (4) removing the hemicelluloses from the residual pulp by washing, filtering and/or centrifuging while obtaining an aqueous solution rich in xylose. The combination of method steps according to the invention makes it possible to achieve high α-cellulose contents with very low proportions of xylose, that is, highly pure chemical pulp qualities, while at the same time enabling a virtually quantitative separation of the valuable xylose.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及从富含木聚糖，特别是木材的木质纤维素中分离木糖并获得纸浆的方法，其特征在于以下步骤：（1）通过机械破坏原始结构来预处理木屑; （2）用稀释的无机酸浸渍得到的木质物料; （3）在升高的温度下，通过蒸汽的影响，对得到的木质物质进行预水解处理，水解得到的半纤维素; 和（4）通过洗涤，过滤和/或离心从残留的纸浆中除去半纤维素，同时得到富含木糖的水溶液。 根据本发明的方法步骤的组合使得可以实现具有非常低比例的木糖的高α-纤维素含量，即高纯度化学纸浆质量，同时能够实质上定量分离有价值的木糖。

公开(公告)号：US06392035B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-21

申请号：US09403713

申请日：1999-11-10

申请人： Ties Karstens ,  Armin Stein ,  Hans Steinmeier

发明人： Ties Karstens ,  Armin Stein ,  Hans Steinmeier

IPC分类号： C08B1100

CPC分类号： C08B3/00 ,  C08B11/00

摘要： The invention concerns reactive cellulose, i.e. cellulose having in particular a very low degree of crystallinity obtainable with a high degree of purity. Said novel reactive cellulose is particularly used as raw material for making cellulose ethers. The invention is characterized in that the reactive cellulose is substituted by organic groups according to a degree of substitution, DS, of less than 0.2, preferably between 0.04 and 0.2.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及反应性纤维素，即具有非常低的结晶度的纤维素，其可以以高纯度获得。 所述新型反应性纤维素特别用作制备纤维素醚的原料。 本发明的特征在于反应性纤维素根据取代度DS（小于0.2，优选0.04-0.2）被有机基团取代。

公开(公告)号：US5939544A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-17

申请号：US913782

申请日：1997-11-06

申请人： Ties Karstens ,  Hans Steinmeier

发明人： Ties Karstens ,  Hans Steinmeier

IPC分类号： C08B1/00 ,  C08B1/06 ,  C08B30/00 ,  C08B30/12 ,  C08B37/00 ,  C08B37/08 ,  D01F2/02 ,  D01F2/24 ,  C08B1/02

CPC分类号： D01F2/02 ,  C08B1/00 ,  C08B1/06 ,  C08B30/12 ,  C08B37/003 ,  C08B37/0096 ,  D01F2/24

摘要： The process for activating polysaccharides consists of contacting the polysaccharide with liquid ammonia at an initial pressure which is higher than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of at least approximately 25.degree. C., the amount of liquid ammonia being sufficient at least for wetting the surface of the polysaccharide starting material which is then expanded. The volume available for the polysaccharide/liquid ammonia system is enlarged in the manner of an explosion by lowering the pressure by at least 5 bar. The process is particularly suitable for activating cellulose, guar gum, starch and chitin. The process enables cellulose to be modified in a novel manner. The activated polysaccharides display higher reactivity and improved elimination of reagents during acylation, alkylation, silylation, xanthogenation and carbomoylation with largely homogeneous reaction processes.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP96 / 01274 Sec。 371日期：1997年11月6日 102（e）日期1997年11月6日PCT 1996年3月22日PCT公布。 公开号WO96 / 30411 PCT 日期1996年10月3日活化多糖的方法是将多糖与液态氨接触，初始压力高于大气压，并在至少约25℃的温度下，液氨的量至少足够 用于润湿然后膨胀的多糖起始材料的表面。 通过将压力降低至少5巴，可用于多糖/液氨系统的体积以爆炸的方式扩大。 该方法特别适用于活化纤维素，瓜尔胶，淀粉和壳多糖。 该方法使纤维素以新颖的方式被修饰。 活化的多糖在酰化，烷基化，甲硅烷基化，黄原酸化和羰基甲酰化反应过程中显示更高的反应性和更好的消除反应。

公开(公告)号：US5449555A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-12

申请号：US185596

申请日：1994-01-21

申请人： Ties Karstens ,  Wolfgang Koppe ,  Joachim Schatzle ,  Gunter Maurer

发明人： Ties Karstens ,  Wolfgang Koppe ,  Joachim Schatzle ,  Gunter Maurer

IPC分类号： D01D5/04 ,  D01F1/04 ,  D01F2/28 ,  D01F2/30 ,  D02G3/00

CPC分类号： D01F2/30 ,  Y10T428/2913 ,  Y10T428/2965

摘要： There are described filaments on the basis of a cellulose acetate soluble in acetone, the degree of polymerization (DP) of the cellulose acetate being between about 110 and 210 and the degree of substitution (DS) preferably between about 2.2 and 2.7. Optically isotropic spinning solutions can be obtained, the cellulose acetate concentration of which is about 35 to 47 mass-%. When such an optically isotropic spinning solution is spun, in particular by dry spinning, filaments are obtained in a profitable manner because the costs connected with the recovery of the acetone can be appreciably lowered, without impairing the desirable properties of the filaments, which are suitable in particular for the production of cigarette filter tow.

摘要翻译： 基于可溶于丙酮的醋酸纤维素来描述细丝，乙酸纤维素的聚合度（DP）在约110和210之间，取代度（DS）优选在约2.2和2.7之间。 可以获得光学各向同性纺丝溶液，醋酸纤维素浓度约为35〜47质量％。 当这种光学各向同性的纺丝溶液特别是通过干纺纺丝时，以有利的方式获得长丝，因为与丙酮的回收相关联的成本可以明显降低，而不损害长丝的期望性能，这是合适的 特别是用于生产香烟过滤丝束。

公开(公告)号：US06348590B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-19

申请号：US09297227

申请日：1999-05-28

申请人： Ties Karstens ,  Armin Stein

发明人： Ties Karstens ,  Armin Stein

IPC分类号： C08B3700

CPC分类号： C08B37/0096 ,  A23L29/238 ,  A61K8/737 ,  A61Q19/00

摘要： A method for processing guar endosperm in which guar splits are brought into contact with an amount of liquid ammonia at least sufficient to wet the guar splits at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of at least 25° C. The remaining available guar split/liquid ammonia system volume is increased in an explosion like manner by reducing the pressure by at least about 5 bars resulting in the sheaths of the guar splits being torn open to result in a product that can be processed more easily, such as by grinding.

摘要翻译： 处理瓜尔乳糖的方法，其中瓜尔胶分裂成与至少足以在高于大气压的压力下和至少25℃的温度下润湿瓜尔胶的量的液氨接触。剩余的可用瓜尔胶 通过将压力降低至少约5巴，分解/液体氨系统体积以类似爆炸的方式增加，导致瓜尔胶的护套被撕开，导致可以更容易地加工的产品，例如通过研磨 。

公开(公告)号：US06555678B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-29

申请号：US09530188

申请日：2000-09-25

申请人： Christian Allandrieu ,  Lucile Gambut ,  Philippe Karrer ,  Ties Karstens ,  Gerard Mignani ,  Armin Stein

发明人： Christian Allandrieu ,  Lucile Gambut ,  Philippe Karrer ,  Ties Karstens ,  Gerard Mignani ,  Armin Stein

IPC分类号： C08B1600

CPC分类号： D01F2/24 ,  D01F2/00

摘要： A method has been developed for making regenerated cellulose yarn. The method includes the steps of spinning a solution derived from cellulose or a cellulose derivative in a molten state through at least one extrusion die, then regenerating the cellulose by treating the resulting yarn, wherein a silylated cellulose derivative is prepared by reaction with a silylating agent; the silylated cellulose is extracted from the synthesis reaction medium; then spun through at least an extrusion die; and the resultant yarn treated with a desilylation agent to regenerate the cellulose and a siloxane. The resulting cellulose yarns or fibers may be used for making woven or knitted textile surfaces or non-woven surfaces. Said yarns or fibers are also useful as reinforcing fibers in elastomeric materials and more particularly, in tires.

摘要翻译： 已经开发了用于制备再生纤维素纱线的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：通过至少一个挤出模头将来自纤维素或纤维素衍生物的溶液通过至少一个挤出模头纺丝，然后通过处理所得纱线再生纤维素，其中通过与甲硅烷基化试剂反应制备甲硅烷基化纤维素衍生物 ; 从合成反应介质中提取甲硅烷基化纤维素; 然后通过至少一个挤出模头旋转; 用脱甲基剂处理得到的纱线再生纤维素和硅氧烷。 所得到的纤维素纱线或纤维可用于制造机织或针织织物表面或无纺织物表面。 所述纱线或纤维也可用作弹性体材料中的增强纤维，更具体地，在轮胎中。

公开(公告)号：US5883025A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US765771

申请日：1997-02-19

申请人： Ties Karstens ,  Joachim Schatzle ,  Robert Kohler ,  Michael Wedler ,  Martin Tubach

发明人： Ties Karstens ,  Joachim Schatzle ,  Robert Kohler ,  Michael Wedler ,  Martin Tubach

IPC分类号： B60R13/04 ,  B27N3/00 ,  B60R13/02 ,  B60R13/08 ,  B65D65/46 ,  C08J5/04 ,  C08K3/20 ,  C08K3/26 ,  C08L1/00 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C08L1/12 ,  C08L97/00 ,  C08L97/02 ,  C08L99/00 ,  C08L101/16 ,  D04H1/00

CPC分类号： C08J5/045 ,  B27N3/002 ,  B60R13/02 ,  B65D65/466 ,  C08L1/12 ,  B60R13/08 ,  C08J2301/12 ,  Y02W90/13 ,  Y10S428/903 ,  Y10T442/608 ,  Y10T442/614 ,  Y10T442/619

摘要： Described are molded bodies comprising bond material based on cellulose acetate as a bonding agent and reinforcing natural cellulose fibers or natural cellulose-containing fibers. These components are characterized by the fact that the cellulose acetate has a degree of substitution (DS) of approximately 1.2 to 2.7 and the molded bodies have a Vicat temperature of at least approximately 160.degree. C. and the ratio of the weight of cellulose acetate to the natural cellulose fibers or natural cellulose-containing fibers is approximately 10:90-90:10. These molded bodies are produced by mixing cellulose acetate with the natural cellulose fibers or the natural cellulose-containing fibers in a ratio by weight of approximately 90:10-10:90, in particular 15:85-85:15, in the total moisture content is adjusted to at least approximately 3% by weight, with respect to the total amount of the cellulose acetate in the mixture, and this mixture is molded at a temperature of approximately 220.degree. to 280.degree. C. and a pressure of approximately 30 to 150 bars. The molded bodies according to the invention can advantageously be used as interior parts of automobiles, in particular as roof ceiling and as side paneling, as well as packaging material, insulating material or as a furniture part.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP96 / 02074 Sec。 371日期1997年2月19日 102（e）日期1997年2月19日PCT提交1996年5月14日PCT公布。 WO96 / 36666 PCT出版物 日期1996年11月21日描述了包含基于乙酸纤维素作为粘合剂的粘结材料和增强天然纤维素纤维或天然纤维素纤维的成型体。 这些组分的特征在于乙酸纤维素具有约1.2至2.7的取代度（DS），并且成型体的维卡温度至少为约160℃，乙酸纤维素的重量比 天然纤维素纤维或天然纤维素纤维为约10：90-90：10。 这些成型体通过将乙酸纤维素与天然纤维素纤维或含天然纤维素的纤维以重量比为约90:10-10:90，特别是15：85-85：15的总湿度 相对于混合物中的乙酸纤维素的总量，将含量调节至至少约3重量％，并将该混合物在约220-280℃的温度和大约30℃的压力下成型 150个酒吧。 根据本发明的成型体可以有利地用作汽车的内部部件，特别是作为屋顶和侧板，以及包装材料，绝缘材料或家具部件。