摘要:
A method to reduce water influx into a producing well is described comprising the steps of pumping a chemical composition into a production interval and into surrounding formation; said composition being capable of forming, firstly, a physically stabilized structure and, secondly, a chemically stabilized structure, wherein said physically stabilized structure being dissolvable by hydrocarbon containing fluids; letting said composition form said physically stabilized structure within the formation surrounding said production interval; changing pressure condition in said production interval such that the fluid flow within the surrounding formation is reversed; letting thereby in some portions of the formation hydrocarbon containing fluids dissolve said physically stabilized structure and chemically stabilize said structure in the remaining portions by a cross-linking reaction. The time constants of the two stabilizing reactions are selected such that the physical stabilization is essentially completed before the pumping direction is reversed and the chemical stabilization is essentially completed after the pump-out/cleaning operation.
摘要:
The use of a hydrophobically modified water soluble polymer is described capable of being chemically cross-linked so as to produce a stable gel for blocking a water-bearing formation from a hydrocarbon-producing well. The polymer is essentially linear having hydrophilic side groups located at random positions along its backbone.
摘要:
A tracer solution suitable for use in measuring flow velocities in a borehole, includes: a) a gadolinium salt of a carboxylic acid of general formula ##STR1## where R is an alkyl of not less than four carbon atoms, typically C4 or C5 alkyl, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or an alkyl group, typically hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; b) a free branched-chain carboxylic acid such as an excess of the acid used to form the Gd salt; and c) a non-polar solvent such as hexane or heptane. The Gd content of the solution should be not less than about 50 g/l and is best when it is as high as possible, for example greater than 100 g/l, and the viscosity should be less than 20 cP.
摘要:
A sensing apparatus (and corresponding method) for monitoring carbon dioxide dissolved in a liquid solution employs a crystal surrounded in part by a sample chamber such that, in use, the liquid solution is in direct contact with the crystal.
摘要:
Embodiments of the present invention provide methods and systems for integrating optical interfacial elements with a high power acoustic resonator. More specifically, but not by way of limitation, in certain embodiments of the present invention, one or more optical interfacial elements may be integrated with a high power acoustic resonator to provide a robust sensing device that may provide for acoustic cleaning of the optical interfacial elements and/or combining optical and acoustic measurements made by the integrated system for analysis purposes. In certain aspects, the high power acoustic resonator may include an acoustic horn for focusing acoustic energy and the optical interfacial elements may be integrated with the acoustic horn.
摘要:
The present invention, in one set of embodiments, provides methods and systems for integrating conducting diamond electrodes into a high power acoustic resonator. More specifically, but not by way of limitation, in certain embodiments of the present invention, diamond electrodes may be integrated into a high power acoustic resonator to provide a robust sensing device that may provide for acoustic cleaning of the electrodes and increasing the rate of mass transport to the diamond electrodes. The diamond electrodes may be used as working, reference or counter electrodes or a combination of two or more of such electrodes. In certain aspects, the high power acoustic resonator may include an acoustic horn for focusing acoustic energy and the diamond electrodes may be coupled with the acoustic horn.
摘要:
A composition, in particular a wellbore service fluid, comprising monomeric surfactants, preferably viscoelastic surfactants, in combination with a polymerization agent. Additionally, the fluid may contain a cross-linking agent to cross-link the polymerized surfactants.
摘要:
A method of analysing the major and/or minor phase composition of a cement comprising a) preparing a calibration model from samples for which the phase composition has been determined and for which infra red spectra, typically Fourier transform infrared spectra, obtained by a diffuse reflectance technique, have been obtained so as to relate differences between spectra of the samples to differences in clinker phase composition of the samples; and b) obtaining the infra red spectrum of a sample of unknown phase composition and determining the phase composition of the sample from the calibration model typically using a multivariate statistical method.
摘要:
The invention in one aspect provides a method of testing drilling mud in use which comprises periodically sampling the circulating mud and analyzing its aqueous filtrate at the rig site by ion chromatography for selected positive and negative ions; one or more other parameters of the sampled mud and/or mud filtrate (e.g. pH, temperature) may also be measured; preferably the composition of the mud filtrate thus monitored is interpreted to indicate downhole interactions, with the composition of the mud supplied to the hole being adjusted to or towards the optimum as drilling proceeds. The invention also provides a method in which the solids of the periodically sampled mud are analyzed at the rig site, e.g. for sorbed ions and/or for cation exchange capacity; the values so obtained are preferably combined with those for the mud filtrate analysis and used in the diagnosis of downhole conditions for adjustment of the composition of freshly supplied mud. The invention further provides a method of analyzing drilled shale solids in drilling mud in use which comprises drying and separating these solids from the mud, extracting ions from the separated solids into solution, and analyzing the resulting solution by ion chromatography for selected positive and negative ions; these operations are conducted at the rig site, and the resultant data, usually along with analyses of the circulating mud composition, are preferably used to indicate appropriate adjustment of the composition of the mud supply to or towards the optimum as drilling proceeds.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detection of hydrogen sulfide in downhole operations. A downhole tool is provided with a coupon adapted to react at varying degrees to exposure to concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. The downhole tool is positioned in the wellbore with the coupon(s) exposed to downhole fluids. A reaction to a change in the coupon, such as coloration, is used to determine the presence and concentration of hydrogen sulfide.