公开(公告)号：US5376469A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-27

申请号：US129948

申请日：1993-09-30

申请人： Turgut M. Gur ,  Robert A. Huggins

发明人： Turgut M. Gur ,  Robert A. Huggins

IPC分类号： H01M8/12

CPC分类号： H01M8/1233

摘要： A high temperature fuel cell (10) having first and second temperature zones (14, 16) for directly converting carbon fuel (12) to electrical energy comprises a first heat source (22), a second heat source (26), and a housing (18) that includes a non-porous section (15) and a solid electrolyte (30) having first and second electrolyte surfaces (32, 34) to which first and second electrodes (36, 38) are electrically connected. The first heat source (26) establishes first temperature zone (14) in the vicinity of the solid electrolyte (30) for adjusting the conductivity of the solid electrolyte (30) and electrodes (36, 38). The second heat source (26) is positioned in the vicinity of non-porous section (15) of housing (18) a distance from first heat source (22) to establish second temperature zone (16). A fuel compartment (20) defined by the first electrolyte surface (32) of solid electrolyte (30) and the non-porous section (15) of housing (18) spans first and second temperature zones (14, 16) to allow intermixing of oxygen provided through solid electrolyte (30) and a carbon fuel (12) which is located primarily in second temperature zone (16). The fuel compartment (20) may be provided with a gas inlet (25), gas outlet (27), and return line (31) through which non-reactive gas can be circulated to enhance the mixing of oxygen with carbon fuel (12). To generate electrical power, second temperature zone (16) is adjusted to a temperature which favors the complete oxidation of carbon fuel (12), first temperature zone (14) is adjusted to a temperature that minimizes the resistance of solid electrolyte (30) and electrodes (36, 38), and oxygen is provided by supplying an oxygen containing gas to the second electrolyte surface (32) of solid electrolyte (30).

公开(公告)号：US20090110996A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-30

申请号：US11931745

申请日：2007-10-31

申请人： Joon-Hyung SHIM ,  Sang-kyun Kang ,  Turgut M. GUR ,  Friedrich B. Prinz

发明人： Joon-Hyung SHIM ,  Sang-kyun Kang ,  Turgut M. GUR ,  Friedrich B. Prinz

IPC分类号： H01M8/10 ,  C23C26/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/1253 ,  C23C26/00 ,  C23C28/042 ,  H01M8/126 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： Provided are a method of preparing a fuel cell and a membrane electrode assembly prepared by the method. The method includes preparing a substrate, forming a buffer layer having a single crystalline structure on the substrate, forming a proton conducting solid perovskite electrolyte membrane on the buffer layer, forming a first electrode on one surface of the proton conducting solid perovskite electrolyte membrane, etching the substrate, and forming a second electrode on the opposite surface of the one surface of the electrolyte membrane. Thus, the method of preparing a fuel cell can improve ion conductivity of an electrolyte membrane at a low temperature and a membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell prepared by the method can improve ion conductivity at a low temperature.

摘要翻译： 提供一种制备通过该方法制备的燃料电池和膜电极组件的方法。 该方法包括制备衬底，在衬底上形成具有单晶结构的缓冲层，在缓冲层上形成质子传导固体钙钛矿电解质膜，在质子传导固体钙钛矿电解质膜的一个表面上形成第一电极，蚀刻 并且在电解质膜的一个表面的相对表面上形成第二电极。 因此，制备燃料电池的方法可以提高电解质膜在低温下的离子传导性，并且通过该方法制备的燃料电池的膜电极组件可以提高低温下的离子传导性。

公开(公告)号：US20080124265A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-29

申请号：US11975133

申请日：2007-10-16

申请人： Turgut M. Gur

发明人： Turgut M. Gur

IPC分类号： C01G55/00 ,  C01F17/00 ,  C01G31/00 ,  C01G45/00 ,  C01G53/00 ,  C01G23/00 ,  C01G25/00 ,  C01G37/00 ,  C01G41/00 ,  C01G49/00 ,  C01G51/00

CPC分类号： C01G55/002 ,  C01P2002/77 ,  C01P2002/78 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M4/9025 ,  H01M8/1233 ,  H01M2004/8684 ,  H01M2008/1293

摘要： An anode in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) operating in a temperature range between 500 and 1200 degrees Celsius is provided. The anode material has high catalytic activity and selectivity for carbon oxidation, sufficient oxygen non-stoichiometry, rapid oxygen chemical diffusion, wide thermodynamic stability window to withstand reducing environment, sufficient electronic conductivity and tolerance to sulfur and CO2 environments. The anode has doped ruthenate compositions A1−xA′xRuO3, AB1−yRuyO3, or A1−xA′xB1−yRuyO3. A and A′ may be divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation, and B is a multivalent cation. A is among lanthanide series elements La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er or Yb, and dopant A′ is from Group IIA, IIIB, or IVB elements. The doped ruthenates can also be a (AB1−yRuyO3) structure or an ordered Ruddlesden-Popper series ((A1−xAx′)n+1(B1−yRuy)nO3n+1) structure where n=1 or 2. The dopant B is among Group IVB, VB, VIB, VIII, IB, and IIB elements.

摘要翻译： 提供了在500至1200摄氏度的温度范围内工作的直接燃料电池（DCFC）中的阳极。 阳极材料对于碳氧化具有高催化活性和选择性，足够的氧非化学计量，快速的氧化学扩散，宽的热力学稳定性窗口以承受降低的环境，足够的电子导电性和对硫和CO 2的耐受性。 环境。 阳极具有掺杂的钌酸盐组合物A 1-x A 1'，R 3，R 3，R 3， 或者A 1-x A 1'x B 1-y S 3， - - - - Ru 3 O 3 3。 A和A'可以是二价，三价或四价阳离子，B是多价阳离子。 A是镧系元素La，Ce，Pr，Nd，Sm，Eu，Gd，Dy，Er或Yb中的一种，掺杂剂A'来自IIA，IIIB或IVB族元素。 掺杂的钌酸盐也可以是（AB 1-y R y O 3 O 3）结构或有序的Ruddlesden-Popper系列（（A < n + 1（B 1-y R y）y（x） 其中n = 1或2.掺杂剂B在IVB族，VB族，VIB族，VIII族，IB族和IIB族中。

公开(公告)号：US5364506A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-15

申请号：US55231

申请日：1993-04-28

申请人： Turgut M. Gur ,  Henry Wise ,  Robert A. Huggins

发明人： Turgut M. Gur ,  Henry Wise ,  Robert A. Huggins

IPC分类号： C25B3/02 ,  C25B5/00 ,  H01M8/12 ,  C25B9/00 ,  C25B11/04

CPC分类号： C25B5/00 ,  C25B3/02 ,  H01M8/1231

摘要： Disclosed is an electrochemical reactor for partially oxidizing methane and cogenerating electrical energy. A solid-state ionic reactor is described in which a solid electrolyte is provided with a cathode and a perovskite type anode having a wide range of oxygen nonstoichiometry. The cell generates electrical energy as a result of the chemical potential difference brought about by the catalytic oxidation of methane at the anode with oxygen that chemically diffuses from the cathode through the solid-state ionic conductor.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于部分氧化甲烷和热电联产的电化学反应器。 描述了一种固态离子反应器，其中固体电解质具有阴极和具有宽范围的氧非化学计量学的钙钛矿型阳极。 由于由阳极上的甲烷的催化氧化产生的化学势差导致电池由于从阴极通过固态离子导体化学扩散而产生电能。

公开(公告)号：US4404068A

公开(公告)日：1983-09-13

申请号：US258656

申请日：1981-04-29

申请人： Robert A. Huggins ,  Turgut M. Gur

发明人： Robert A. Huggins ,  Turgut M. Gur

IPC分类号： C25B3/00 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B15/00 ,  C25B11/00

CPC分类号： C25B3/00 ,  C25B15/00 ,  C25B9/08

摘要： A method for synthesizing reaction products, such as hydrocarbons, from fluid reactants is provided by use of a solid state electrochemical cell. A preferred embodiment may be used to produce methane at a substantially enhanced, controllable rate.

摘要翻译： 通过使用固态电化学电池提供从流体反应物合成反应产物如烃的方法。 优选的实施方案可用于以基本增强的可控速率生产甲烷。

公开(公告)号：US20080124613A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-29

申请号：US11975127

申请日：2007-10-16

申请人： Turgut M. Gur ,  Siwen Li

发明人： Turgut M. Gur ,  Siwen Li

IPC分类号： H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/90

CPC分类号： H01M4/90 ,  H01M4/9041 ,  H01M4/9066 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M8/0637 ,  Y02E60/566

摘要： An anode in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) is provided. The anode includes a cermet anode that can be made of nickel-copper/yttria-stabilized zirconia oxide (Ni—Cu/YSZ) or nickel-copper/gadolina-doped ceria (Ni—Cu/GDC). The surface of the cermet anode is functionalized by decorating it with dispersed catalytic particles. The particles can be made of various materials such as ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), rhenium (Re), osmium, (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), or any combination of the particles' alloys and mixtures. Decorating is a process where discrete particles are deposited to the anode surface. In general the particles are not able to contact each other and have a well-defined separation. The cermet anode has a graded porous microstructure spanning from a macropore outer region to a submicron inner region, where the pore span is from tens of microns to hundreds of nanometers.

摘要翻译： 提供直接燃料电池（DCFC）中的阳极。 该阳极包括可以由镍 - 铜/氧化钇稳定的氧化锆氧化物（Ni-Cu / YSZ）或者镍 - 铜/碳酸铝掺杂的氧化铈（Ni-Cu / GDC）制成的金属陶瓷阳极。 金属陶瓷阳极的表面通过用分散的催化颗粒进行装饰而被功能化。 这些颗粒可以由诸如钌（Ru），铑（Rh），钯（Pd），铼（Re），锇，（Os），铱（Ir），铂（Pt），金（Au） ，或颗粒合金和混合物的任何组合。 装饰是将离散的颗粒沉积到阳极表面的过程。 通常，颗粒不能彼此接触并且具有明确界定的分离。 金属陶瓷阳极具有从大孔外部区域到亚微米内部区域的分级多孔微结构，其中孔隙距离为几十微米至几百纳米。

公开(公告)号：US20090004529A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-01

申请号：US12215681

申请日：2008-06-26

申请人： Turgut M. Gur ,  Reginald E. Mitchell ,  Andrew C. Lee ,  Siwen Li

发明人： Turgut M. Gur ,  Reginald E. Mitchell ,  Andrew C. Lee ,  Siwen Li

IPC分类号： H01M8/10

CPC分类号： H01M8/0625 ,  H01M8/04007 ,  H01M8/04097 ,  H01M8/0643 ,  H01M8/1233

摘要： An integrated dry gas fuel cell (IDG-FC) is provided. The IDG-FC includes at least one solid oxide fuel cell having an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode. The IDG-FC further includes a conversion bed, where carbon dioxide gas is provided to the conversion bed to convert carbon monoxide gas from the carbon dioxide gas. Solid carbonaceous fuel is provided to the conversion bed to promote the gas conversion. The carbon monoxide is provided as fuel to the anode, and air is supplied to the cathode to provide oxygen for oxidation of the carbon monoxide at the anode to generate electric power. This new process does not require water, and supplies the oxygen required for the oxidation reaction through an ionically selective solid oxide electrolyte membrane.

摘要翻译： 提供集成的干气燃料电池（IDG-FC）。 IDG-FC包括至少一个具有设置在阳极和阴极之间的阳极，阴极和电解质膜的固体氧化物燃料电池。 IDG-FC还包括转化床，其中向转化床提供二氧化碳气体以转化来自二氧化碳气体的一氧化碳气体。 将固体碳质燃料提供给转化床以促进气体转化。 将一氧化碳作为燃料提供给阳极，并且向阴极供应空气以提供用于在阳极处一氧化碳氧化的氧气以产生电力。 该新方法不需要水，并通过离子选择性固体氧化物电解质膜供应氧化反应所需的氧气。

公开(公告)号：US20080022593A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-31

申请号：US11497037

申请日：2006-07-31

申请人： Turgut M. Gur ,  Alvin Duskin

发明人： Turgut M. Gur ,  Alvin Duskin

IPC分类号： C10J1/20

CPC分类号： C10J3/18 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/1276 ,  C10J2300/1684 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B5/00 ,  H01M8/0668 ,  H01M8/0675 ,  H01M8/1233 ,  H01M8/225 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  Y02E60/566

摘要： This invention relates to high purity hydrogen production in a steam-carbon cell, which may be operated either in fuel cell mode thus generating electricity at the same time, or in electrolysis mode where the hydrogen production rate is augmented by an externally applied voltage. Introduction of a solid carbonaceous fuel at the anode eliminates the uphill barrier of the open circuit voltage for the reduction of H2O to hydrogen. This novel concept nearly doubles the conversion efficiency of conventional electrolysis and offers near-zero emissions. The improved efficiency would mean that nearly half the greenhouse gases and other pollutants are produced. The product stream from the anode compartment primarily consists of CO2 and, hence, it is easier and cheaper to capture and mineralize the CO2.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及蒸汽 - 碳电池中的高纯度氢气生产，其可以在燃料电池模式中同时运行，也可以在同时发电的电解中，或者通过外部施加的电压来提高制氢速率的电解模式。 在阳极引入固体碳质燃料消除了将H 2 O 2还原成氢的开路电压的上坡障碍。 这种新概念将传统电解的转换效率提高了近一倍，并提供了近零排放。 提高的效率将意味着近一半的温室气体和其他污染物产生。 来自阳极室的产物流主要由CO 2 2组成，因此，捕获和矿化CO 2 2更容易和更便宜。

公开(公告)号：US07253409B2

公开(公告)日：2007-08-07

申请号：US11185914

申请日：2005-07-20

申请人： Minhwan Lee ,  Ryan O′Hayre ,  Turgut M. Gur ,  Friedrich B. Prinz

发明人： Minhwan Lee ,  Ryan O′Hayre ,  Turgut M. Gur ,  Friedrich B. Prinz

IPC分类号： G21K7/00 ,  G01N23/00 ,  H01L21/44 ,  B05D5/00

CPC分类号： B23H3/00 ,  B23H9/06

摘要： The present invention provides nano-patterning based on flow of an ion current within an ionic conductor to bring ions in proximity to a microscope probe tip touching a surface of the conductor. These ions are then electrochemically reduced to form one or more features on the surface. Ion current flow and the electrochemical reaction are driven by an electrical potential difference between the tip and the ionic conductor. Such features can be erased by reversing the polarity of the potential difference. Indentations can be formed by mechanically removing features formed as described above. The ions in the ion current can be provided by the ionic conductor and/or by oxidation at a counter electrode.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供基于离子导体内的离子电流的流动的纳米图案，以使离子接近与导体表面接触的显微镜探针尖端。 然后电化学还原这些离子以在表面上形成一个或多个特征。 离子电流和电化学反应由尖端和离子导体之间的电位差驱动。 可以通过反转电位差的极性来擦除这些特征。 可以通过机械去除如上所述形成的特征来形成缺口。 离子电流中的离子可以由离子导体和/或通过在对电极处的氧化来提供。