摘要:
An electrochemical sensor adapted for use in the electrochemical analysis of liquids. The sensor includes a cell assembly having a liquid flow control chamber, sensing chamber and liquid exit chamber. Liquids to be measured are pumped into the liquid flow control chamber where any turbulence in the liquid is dampened. The non-turbulent liquid is passed from the liquid flow control chamber to the sensing chamber. The sensing chamber includes a working electrode and a counter-electrode. The non-turbulent liquid is passed from the sensing chamber to the liquid exit chamber where it is contacted with a reference electrode. The liquid then exits the sensor. The sensor is well-suited for use in the electrochemical analysis of plating bath solutions where sub-milliampere type AC and DC voltammetric measurements are required in order to generate electrochemical spectra which are indicative of constituents present in the solution.
摘要:
A reservoir-electrode for an iontophoretic delivery device of the present invention includes an electrode; and a hydrophilic reservoir situated in electrically conductive relation to the electrode. The reservoir is formed from a bibulous hydrophilic cross-linked polymeric material having a substantially uniform concentration of an alkali metal chloride salt therein thereby substantially eliminating concentration gradients of the salt with respect to the electrode. The polymeric material has a first surface and a second surface that is adhesively adherent to the electrode. The first surface of the polymeric material is releasably adhesive to an applied area of a patient's skin. The polymeric material has a cohesive strength, wherein a bond strength of an adhesive bond between the second surface of the polymeric material to the electrode is greater than the cohesive strength of the polymeric material and an adhesive bond strength of the first surface of the polymeric material to the applied area of the patient is less than the cohesive strength of the polymeric material so that upon removal of the reservoir-electrode from the applied area of the patient, substantially no polymeric material remains on the applied area and the reservoir remains substantially intact and adhesively adherent to the electrode.
摘要:
A method of forming a reference electrode having a continuously stable reference voltage and particularly well-suited for use in an in-tank electrochemical sensor. The method utilizes an inert substrate and a counter electrode, both immersed in electroplating fluid. Current is passed between the inert substrate and the counter electrode to strip and subsequently replate the inert substrate, which then serves as the reference electrode. The steps of stripping and replating the reference electrode are periodically repeated to maintain the stability of the reference electrode voltage.
摘要:
The Present Invention relies upon a physical process for preparing reduced fat, high fiber, high protein, low calorie roasted snack nuts. The process of the Present Invention exhibits significantly lower process times and higher yields than the prior art processes. The process comprises expelling the oil from nutmeat kernels (defatting) using a novel pressing process that takes less than a minute. The defatting process deforms the nuts. The nuts are reformed to their original shape using water. Then the reformed nuts are annealed using cold water to produce hardened nuts. The nuts are then dried and post-processed with coatings and roasting using state-of-the-art technology. The yield of snack nuts produced by this process is generally greater than eighty percent.
摘要:
A method of monitoring major constituents within a plating bath. The method involves applying an electrical signal to a working electrode positioned within the plating bath solution, varying signal parameters, and measuring the resultant response signal. The characteristics of the response signal indicate major constituent concentration levels. The method complements and is easily integrated with known voltammetric techniques for analysis of trace constituents, thus forming an integral part of an efficient overall plating bath analysis system. By adjusting major constituent concentration levels in accordance with measurements made using the method of the present invention, a high quality plating bath can be easily and inexpensively maintained.
摘要:
A method of monitoring a plating bath which combines ac and dc voltammetry to accurately measure major and trace constituent concentrations. The method involves applying both ac and dc voltammetric signals to a pretreated electrode in contact with the plating bath solution, measuring the ac and dc response current spectra, and comparing the resultant spectra to determine which provides maximum spectral detail for monitoring particular constituents with minimum interference from other constituents. Then, the ac and dc response current spectra are each used to monitor the particular constituents for which each provides the best accuracy. The method complements and is easily integrated with known voltammetric techniques and equipment.
摘要:
Herbal compositions that, when used in an effective amount, are suitable for the regression of chronic inflammatory skin disorders, including eczema, psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis. The compositions, formulated as ointments, oils and shampoos, are comprised of a non-aqueous extract of Wrightia tinctoria, an extract of Tragia involucrata L., extracts of Salix L., Cocos nucifera, and pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable excipients suitable for topical use on humans.
摘要:
A method for monitoring the status of a plating bath purification treatment cycle. The method involves applying a swept dc measurement signal to a pretreated electrode which is in contact with the plating solution, and monitoring the resultant response current signal. The electrode potential corresponding to the peak current density in the cathodic sweep of the response current signal provides an accurate indication of the status of the purification treatment cycle. The method tracks the progress of the purification process thereby ensuring the optimal termination points for the treatment process. The method can be used in conjunction with voltammetric plating bath analysis methods and equipment, as part of an overall plating bath monitoring and control system.