摘要:
Embodiments provide a solar-thermal receiver comprising: (a) a light-absorbing panel comprising: (i) a light-absorbing outer surface; and (ii) an inner volume configured to admit the flow of heat transfer fluid; (b) an inlet configured to receive heat transfer fluid; and (c) an outlet configured to output the heat transfer fluid from the volume under hydrostatic pressure. Embodiments may include vanes and/or other flow-directing and/or flow-impending structural elements.
摘要:
Embodiments provide a solar thermal receiver comprising: (a) a first containing member transparent to sunlight; (b) a second containing member comprising an inner surface reflective of sunlight; (c) an inlet proximate to the first containing member that is configured to receive injected heat transfer fluid; and (d) an outlet distal from the first containing member, where the first containing member and the second containing member together form a vessel configured to conduct injected heat transfer fluid from the inlet to the outlet under hydrostatic pressure.
摘要:
A catalyst system including at least one metal and an oxide support, said oxide support including at least one of Al2O3, MnxOy, MgO, ZrO2, and La2O3, or any mixtures thereof; said catalyst being suitable for catalyzing at least one reaction under supercritical water conditions is disclosed. Additionally, a system for producing a high-pressure product gas under super-critical water conditions is provided. The system includes a pressure reactor accommodating a feed mixture of water and organic matter; a solar radiation concentrating system heating the pressure reactor and elevating the temperature and the pressure of the mixture to about the water critical temperature point and pressure point or higher. The reactor is configured and operable to enable a supercritical water process of the mixture to occur therein for conversion of the organic matter and producing a high-pressure product fuel gas.
摘要翻译:包括至少一种金属和氧化物载体的催化剂体系,所述氧化物载体包括Al 2 O 3,Mn x O y,MgO,ZrO 2和La 2 O 3中的至少一种或其任何混合物; 所述催化剂适用于在超临界水条件下催化至少一种反应。 另外,提供了一种在超临界水条件下生产高压产品气体的系统。 该系统包括容纳水和有机物的进料混合物的压力反应器; 太阳辐射集中系统加热压力反应器并将混合物的温度和压力提高到大约水临界温度点和压力点或更高。 反应器被配置和操作以使混合物能够在其中发生超临界水处理以转化有机物质并产生高压产物燃料气体。
摘要:
A kit, apparatus and method are presented for use in measuring an optical property of a sample. The kit comprises at least one reference unit, having a reference surface of a directional emissivity of a certain value; and main and auxiliary chambers, each defining an optical window allowing passage of electromagnetic radiation therethrough. The main chamber is configured to define a region thereof for accommodating the reference unit and the sample, and is configured to screen this region from external radiation.
摘要:
A high-efficiency, small-scale, combined heat and power, concentrating solar energy system (200), designed specifically for residential and other relatively low-power applications, rendering it cost-effective and economically viable. Two-axis tracking of a dish-like reflector (10) of between 1 and 2 meters in aperture ensures very high concentrating ratios of between 200 and 8-suns or even higher. In consequence very high coolant outlet temperatures, of 120-180° C. may be reached at the outlet of the collector coolant, which may be oil, gas, or pressurized water. The high coolant temperatures are advantageous because they may be used for air-conditioning. The high concentration is advantageous because the efficiency of the photo_voltaic cells is improved with higher concentration. The overall efficiency is greater than 60%. Additionally, a simple but accurate drive, designed as a radio-dial drive (14), with substantially zero backlash, and substantially zero drive, is provided for driving the concentrating solar energy system. Preferably, two radio-dial drives are employed and tracking is performed along two axes, of an azimuth-elevation mount, a polar mount, or a cross mount.
摘要:
A high-efficiency, small-scale, combined heat and power, concentrating solar energy system (200), designed specifically for residential and other relatively low-power applications, rendering it cost-effective and economically viable. Two-axis tracking of a dish-like reflector (10) of between 1 and 2 meters in aperture ensures very high concentrating ratios of between 200 and 8-suns or even higher. In consequence very high coolant outlet temperatures, of 120-180° C. may be reached at the outlet of the collector coolant, which may be oil, gas, or pressurized water. The high coolant temperatures are advantageous because they may be used for air-conditioning. The high concentration is advantageous because the efficiency of the photo_voltaic cells is improved with higher concentration. The overall efficiency is greater than 60%. Additionally, a simple but accurate drive, designed as a radio-dial drive (14), with substantially zero backlash, and substantially zero drive, is provided for driving the concentrating solar energy system. Preferably, two radio-dial drives are employed and tracking is performed along two axes, of an azimuth-elevation mount, a polar mount, or a cross mount.