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公开(公告)号：US6102933A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US245832
申请日：1999-02-05
CPC分类号： A61B17/1214 , A61B17/12022 , A61B2017/00867 , A61B2017/00871 , A61B2017/12068 , A61B2017/12077
摘要： Microfabricated therapeutic actuators are fabricated using a shape memory polymer (SMP), a polyurethane-based material that undergoes a phase transformation at a specified temperature (Tg). At a temperature above temperature Tg material is soft and can be easily reshaped into another configuration. As the temperature is lowered below temperature Tg the new shape is fixed and locked in as long as the material stays below temperature Tg. Upon reheating the material to a temperature above Tg, the material will return to its original shape. By the use of such SMP material, SMP microtubing can be used as a release actuator for the delivery of embolic coils through catheters into aneurysms, for example. The microtubing can be manufactured in various sizes and the phase change temperature Tg is determinate for an intended temperature target and intended use.
摘要翻译： 使用形状记忆聚合物（SMP），在特定温度（Tg）下经历相变的基于聚氨酯的材料制造微制剂治疗致动器。 在高于温度的温度下，Tg材料是柔软的并且可以容易地重塑成另一种构型。 当温度降低到温度Tg以下时，只要材料保持低于温度Tg，新形状就会被固定和锁定。 将材料重新加热至高于Tg的温度时，材料将恢复到原来的形状。 通过使用这种SMP材料，SMP微管可以用作例如通过导管将栓塞线圈输送到动脉瘤中的释放致动器。 微管可以以各种尺寸制造，相变温度Tg对于预期的温度目标和预期用途是确定的。
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公开(公告)号：US5928161A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-27
申请号：US887780
申请日：1997-07-03
CPC分类号： A61B10/0275 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/00398
摘要： Devices for performing tissue biopsy on a small scale (microbiopsy). By reducing the size of the biopsy tool and removing only a small amount of tissue or other material in a minimally invasive manner, the risks, costs, injury and patient discomfort associated with traditional biopsy procedures can be reduced. By using micromachining and precision machining capabilities, it is possible to fabricate small biopsy/cutting devices from silicon. These devices can be used in one of four ways 1) intravascularly, 2) extravascularly, 3) by vessel puncture, and 4) externally. Additionally, the devices may be used in precision surgical cutting.
摘要翻译： 用于小规模进行组织活检的装置（微生物活检）。 通过减小活检工具的尺寸并以微创方式仅去除少量的组织或其它材料，可以减少与传统活检程序相关的风险，成本，损伤和患者的不适。 通过使用微加工和精密加工能力，可以从硅制造小的活检/切割装置。 这些装置可以以四种方式之一使用：1）血管内，2）血管外，3）通过血管穿刺，4）外部使用。 另外，这些装置可用于精密手术切割。
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公开(公告)号：US5819749A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-13
申请号：US898032
申请日：1997-07-22
CPC分类号： A61B17/12022 , G01L1/18 , A61B17/29 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2017/00318 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/1205 , A61B2017/2926
摘要： Micromachined thin film cantilever actuators having means for individually controlling the deflection of the cantilevers, valve members, and rudders for steering same through blood vessels, or positioning same within a blood vessel, for example. Such cantilever actuators include tactile sensor arrays mounted on a catheter or guide wire tip for navigation and tissues identification, shape-memory alloy film based catheter/guide wire steering mechanisms, and rudder-based steering devices that allow the selective actuation of rudders that use the flowing blood itself to help direct the catheter direction through the blood vessel. While particularly adapted for medical applications, these cantilever actuators can be used for steering through piping and tubing systems.
摘要翻译： 微加工薄膜悬臂致动器具有用于单独控制悬臂，阀构件和用于通过血管转向其的方向舵的偏转的装置，或者例如将其定位在血管内。 这种悬臂致动器包括安装在用于导航和组织识别的导管或导丝尖端的触觉传感器阵列，基于形状记忆合金膜的导管/导丝线转向机构和基于方向舵的转向装置，其允许选择性地致动使用 流血本身帮助导管导管通过血管。 虽然这些悬臂式致动器特别适用于医疗应用，但可用于通过管道和管道系统进行转向。
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公开(公告)号：US5985217A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-16
申请号：US895786
申请日：1997-07-17
CPC分类号： G01N1/31 , G01N1/06 , Y10T83/222 , Y10T83/9493
摘要： A microfabricated biopsy/histology instrument which has several advantages over the conventional procedures, including minimal specimen handling, smooth cutting edges with atomic sharpness capable of slicing very thin specimens (approximately 2 .mu.m or greater), micro-liter volumes of chemicals for treating the specimens, low cost, disposable, fabrication process which renders sterile parts, and ease of use. The cutter is a "cheese-grater" style design comprising a block or substrate of silicon and which uses anisotropic etching of the silicon to form extremely sharp and precise cutting edges. As a specimen is cut, it passes through the silicon cutter and lies flat on a piece of glass which is bonded to the cutter. Microchannels are etched into the glass or silicon substrates for delivering small volumes of chemicals for treating the specimen. After treatment, the specimens can be examined through the glass substrate. For automation purposes, microvalves and micropumps may be incorporated. Also, specimens in parallel may be cut and treated with identical or varied chemicals. The instrument is disposable due to its low cost and thus could replace current expensive microtome and histology equipment.
摘要翻译： 微生物活检/组织学仪器具有优于常规方法的几个优点，包括最小的样品处理，具有能够切割非常薄的样品（约2微米或更大）的原子清晰度的平滑切割边缘，微量体积的用于处理 标本，低成本，一次性，制造过程，使无菌部件和易于使用。 切割器是包括硅块或硅衬底的“干酪磨”式设计，其使用硅的各向异性蚀刻来形成非常清晰和精确的切割边缘。 当样品被切割时，它通过硅切割器并且平坦地放置在粘合到切割器上的一块玻璃上。 将微通道蚀刻到玻璃或硅衬底中，用于递送少量用于处理样品的化学品。 处理后，可以通过玻璃基板检查样品。 为了自动化，可以并入微阀和微型泵。 此外，可以用相同或不同的化学物质来切割并处理标本。 该仪器由于成本低，因此可以替代当前昂贵的切片机和组织学设备。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5771902A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-30
申请号：US533426
申请日：1995-09-25
CPC分类号： A61B17/12022 , G01L1/18 , A61B17/29 , A61B2017/00292 , A61B2017/00318 , A61B2017/00345 , A61B2017/1205 , A61B2017/2926
摘要： Micromachined thin film cantilever actuators having means for individually controlling the deflection of the cantilevers, valve members, and rudders for steering same through blood vessels, or positioning same within a blood vessel, for example. Such cantilever actuators include tactile sensor arrays mounted on a catheter or guide wire tip for navigation and tissues identification, shape-memory alloy film based catheter/guide wire steering mechanisms, and rudder-based steering devices that allow the selective actuation of rudders that use the flowing blood itself to help direct the catheter direction through the blood vessel. While particularly adapted for medical applications, these cantilever actuators can be used for steering through piping and tubing systems.
摘要翻译： 微加工薄膜悬臂致动器具有用于单独控制悬臂，阀构件和用于通过血管转向其的方向舵的偏转的装置，或者例如将其定位在血管内。 这种悬臂致动器包括安装在用于导航和组织识别的导管或导丝尖端的触觉传感器阵列，基于形状记忆合金膜的导管/导丝线转向机构和基于方向舵的转向装置，其允许选择性地致动使用 流血本身帮助导管导管通过血管。 虽然这些悬臂式致动器特别适用于医疗应用，但可用于通过管道和管道系统进行转向。
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公开(公告)号：US06319474B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-20
申请号：US09327401
申请日：1999-06-07
IPC分类号： B01L1100
CPC分类号： G01N1/31 , G01N1/06 , Y10T83/222 , Y10T83/9493
摘要： A microfabricated biopsy/histology instrument which has several advantages over the conventional procedures, including minimal specimen handling, smooth cutting edges with atomic sharpness capable of slicing very thin specimens (approximately 2 &mgr;m or greater), micro-liter volumes of chemicals for treating the specimens, low cost, disposable, fabrication process which renders sterile parts, and ease of use. The cutter is a “cheese-grater” style design comprising a block or substrate of silicon and which uses anisotropic etching of the silicon to form extremely sharp and precise cutting edges. As a specimen is cut, it passes through the silicon cutter and lies flat on a piece of glass which is bonded to the cutter. Microchannels are etched into the glass or silicon substrates for delivering small volumes of chemicals for treating the specimen. After treatment, the specimens can be examined through the glass substrate.
摘要翻译： 一种微加工活检/组织学仪器，其具有优于常规程序的几个优点，包括最小的样品处理，具有能够切割非常薄的样品（约2μm或更大）的原子清晰度的平滑切割边缘，用于处理样品的微量体积的化学品 ，低成本，一次性的制造工艺，使无菌部件和易于使用。 切割器是包括硅块或硅衬底的“干酪磨”式设计，其使用硅的各向异性蚀刻来形成非常清晰和精确的切割边缘。 当样品被切割时，它通过硅切割器并且平坦地放置在粘合到切割器上的一块玻璃上。 将微通道蚀刻到玻璃或硅衬底中，用于递送少量用于处理样品的化学品。 处理后，可以通过玻璃基板检查样品。
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公开(公告)号：US5944717A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-31
申请号：US854342
申请日：1997-05-12
CPC分类号： A61B18/14 , A61B17/32 , A61B18/1492 , A61B2018/00351 , A61B2018/00386 , A61B2018/126 , A61B2218/007 , A61B2562/028 , A61B5/0538
摘要： A micromachined electrical cauterizer. Microstructures are combined with microelectrodes for highly localized electro cauterization. Using boron etch stops and surface micromachining, microneedles with very smooth surfaces are made. Micromachining also allows for precision placement of electrodes by photolithography with micron sized gaps to allow for concentrated electric fields. A microcauterizer is fabricated by bulk etching silicon to form knife edges, then parallelly placed microelectrodes with gaps as small as 5 .mu.m are patterned and aligned adjacent the knife edges to provide homeostasis while cutting tissue. While most of the microelectrode lines are electrically insulated from the atmosphere by depositing and patterning silicon dioxide on the electric feedthrough portions, a window is opened in the silicon dioxide to expose the parallel microelectrode portion. This helps reduce power loss and assist in focusing the power locally for more efficient and safer procedures.
摘要翻译： 微加工电灼烧器。 微结构与微电极组合用于高度局部电烧烧。 使用硼蚀刻停止和表面微加工，制成具有非常光滑表面的微针。 微加工还允许通过具有微米尺寸间隙的光刻来精确放置电极以允许集中的电场。 通过大量蚀刻硅来形成微电烧机以形成刀刃，然后平行放置微电极，其间隔小至5μm的间隙被图案化并且邻近刀刃对准以在切割组织的同时提供稳态。 虽然大多数微电极线通过在电馈通部分上沉积和图案化二氧化硅而与大气电绝缘，但是在二氧化硅中打开窗口以露出平行的微电极部分。 这有助于减少功率损耗，并有助于将电力集中在本地以实现更高效和更安全的程序。
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公开(公告)号：US5911737A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-15
申请号：US807412
申请日：1997-02-28
CPC分类号： A61B17/1214 , A61B17/12022 , A61B2017/00867 , A61B2017/00871 , A61B2017/12068 , A61B2017/12077
摘要： Microfabricated therapeutic actuators are fabricated using a shape memory polymer (SMP), a polyurethane-based material that undergoes a phase transformation at a specified temperature (Tg). At a temperature above temperature Tg material is soft and can be easily reshaped into another configuration. As the temperature is lowered below temperature Tg the new shape is fixed and locked in as long as the material stays below temperature Tg. Upon reheating the material to a temperature above Tg, the material will return to its original shape. By the use of such SMP material, SMP microtubing can be used as a release actuator for the delivery of embolic coils through catheters into aneurysms, for example. The microtubing can be manufactured in various sizes and the phase change temperature Tg is determinate for an intended temperature target and intended use.
摘要翻译： 使用形状记忆聚合物（SMP），在特定温度（Tg）下经历相变的基于聚氨酯的材料制造微制剂治疗致动器。 在高于温度的温度下，Tg材料是柔软的并且可以容易地重塑成另一种构型。 当温度降低到温度Tg以下时，只要材料保持低于温度Tg，新形状就会被固定和锁定。 将材料重新加热至高于Tg的温度时，材料将恢复到原来的形状。 通过使用这种SMP材料，SMP微管可以用作例如通过导管将栓塞线圈输送到动脉瘤中的释放致动器。 微管可以以各种尺寸制造，相变温度Tg对于预期的温度目标和预期用途是确定的。
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公开(公告)号：US07578976B1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-25
申请号：US09568618
申请日：2000-05-10
申请人： M. Allen Northrup , Barton V. Beeman , William J. Benett , Dean R. Hadley , Phoebe Landre , Stacy L. Lehew , Peter A. Krulevitch
发明人： M. Allen Northrup , Barton V. Beeman , William J. Benett , Dean R. Hadley , Phoebe Landre , Stacy L. Lehew , Peter A. Krulevitch
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
CPC分类号： B01L7/52 , B01L2300/0838 , B01L2300/1822
摘要： A chemical reaction chamber system that combines devices such as doped polysilicon for heating, bulk silicon for convective cooling, and thermoelectric (TE) coolers to augment the heating and cooling rates of the reaction chamber or chambers. In addition the system includes non-silicon-based reaction chambers such as any high thermal conductivity material used in combination with a thermoelectric cooling mechanism (i.e., Peltier device). The heat contained in the thermally conductive part of the system can be used/reused to heat the device, thereby conserving energy and expediting the heating/cooling rates. The system combines a micromachined silicon reaction chamber, for example, with an additional module/device for augmented heating/cooling using the Peltier effect. This additional module is particularly useful in extreme environments (very hot or extremely cold) where augmented heating/cooling would be useful to speed up the thermal cycling rates. The chemical reaction chamber system has various applications for synthesis or processing of organic, inorganic, or biochemical reactions, including the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or other DNA reactions, such as the ligase chain reaction.
摘要翻译： 化学反应室系统，其组合诸如用于加热的掺杂多晶硅，对流冷却的散装硅和热电（TE）冷却器的装置，以增加反应室或室的加热和冷却速率。 此外，该系统包括非硅基反应室，例如与热电冷却机构（即珀尔帖装置）结合使用的任何高导热性材料。 系统的导热部分中所含的热量可以用于/再利用来加热装置，从而节省能量并加快加热/冷却速度。 该系统将微加工硅反应室与例如使用珀尔帖效应进行增强加热/冷却的附加模块/装置相结合。 该额外的模块在极端环境（非常热或极冷）中特别有用，其中增强的加热/冷却将有助于加快热循环速率。 化学反应室系统具有用于合成或加工有机，无机或生化反应的各种应用，包括聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和/或其他DNA反应，如连接酶链式反应。
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公开(公告)号：US06370757B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-16
申请号：US09568615
申请日：2000-05-10
申请人： Abraham P. Lee , William J. Benett , Daniel L. Schumann , Peter A. Krulevitch , Joseph P. Fitch
发明人： Abraham P. Lee , William J. Benett , Daniel L. Schumann , Peter A. Krulevitch , Joseph P. Fitch
IPC分类号： B23P1102
摘要： A method and apparatus for loading deposit material, such as an embolic coil, into a shape memory polymer (SMP) gripping/release mechanism. The apparatus enables the application of uniform pressure to secure a grip by the SMP mechanism on the deposit material via differential pressure between, for example, vacuum within the SMP mechanism and hydrostatic water pressure on the exterior of the SMP mechanism. The SMP tubing material of the mechanism is heated to above the glass transformation temperature (Tg) while reshaping, and subsequently cooled to below Tg to freeze the shape. The heating and/or cooling may, for example, be provided by the same water applied for pressurization or the heating can be applied by optical fibers packaged to the SMP mechanism for directing a laser beam, for example, thereunto. At a point of use, the deposit material is released from the SMP mechanism by reheating the SMP material to above the temperature Tg whereby it returns to its initial shape. The reheating of the SMP material may be carried out by injecting heated fluid (water) through an associated catheter or by optical fibers and an associated beam of laser light, for example.
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